Using Forensic Dna Evidence At Trial

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The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309121949
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-01-12 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.

Using Forensic DNA Evidence at Trial

Author : Jane Moira Taupin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482255820
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Using Forensic DNA Evidence at Trial by : Jane Moira Taupin

Download or read book Using Forensic DNA Evidence at Trial written by Jane Moira Taupin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Forensic DNA Evidence at Trial: A Case Study Approach covers the most common DNA analysis methods used in criminal trials today, including STR techniques, mitochondrial DNA, and Y-STRs. It presents some novel techniques—including familial testing and analyzing domestic animal hair—that have been recently introduced in unique cases, each of which is outlined in detail. It also illustrates special issues related to forensic DNA evidence by using court proceedings such as trials and appeals, commissions of inquiry, and government and laboratory reviews. With forensic DNA analysis becoming increasingly important at trial, the lively and sometimes bizarre cases presented in this book have been carefully chosen to highlight specific concepts, methods, and interpretations used in DNA analysis. Sections throughout examine the nature of expertise with a special focus on the role of subjectivity in the interpretation of forensic DNA evidence, emphasizing cognitive bias and extraneous context. Using both convictions and exonerations as examples, the book also discusses the strengths and limitations of DNA evidence and testing. The book is written in an accessible manner for the non-scientific reader, such that criminal lawyers, judges, and forensic experts will all understand the nature of analysis and application of DNA evidence in a variety of court cases. Extensive references—including notable trial proceedings, cross references of cases, and specific forensic statistics—round out the book and help to provide a complete understanding of forensic DNA analysis and its current usage in the courtroom.

DNA Technology in Forensic Science

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045878
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis DNA Technology in Forensic Science by : National Research Council

Download or read book DNA Technology in Forensic Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.

Introduction to Forensic DNA Evidence for Criminal Justice Professionals

Author : Jane Moira Taupin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 143989910X
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Forensic DNA Evidence for Criminal Justice Professionals by : Jane Moira Taupin

Download or read book Introduction to Forensic DNA Evidence for Criminal Justice Professionals written by Jane Moira Taupin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of DNA profiling in forensic cases has been considered the most innovative technique in forensic science since fingerprinting, yet for those with limited scientific knowledge, understanding DNA enough to utilize it properly can be a daunting task. Introduction to Forensic DNA Evidence for Criminal Justice Professionals is designed for nonsc

Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science

Author : Edward F. Connors
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788131257
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science by : Edward F. Connors

Download or read book Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science written by Edward F. Connors and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of DNA technology furthers the search for truth by helping police & prosecutors in the fight against violent crime. Most of the individuals whose stories are told in the report were convicted after jury trials & were sentenced to long prison terms. They successfully challenged their convictions, using DNA tests on existing evidence. They had served, on average, seven years in prison. By highlighting the importance & utility of DNA evidence, this report presents challenges to the scientific & justice communities. A task ahead is to maintain the highest standards for the collection & preservation of DNA evidence.

Using Forensic DNA Evidence at Trial

Author : Jane Moira Taupin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315360683
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Using Forensic DNA Evidence at Trial by : Jane Moira Taupin

Download or read book Using Forensic DNA Evidence at Trial written by Jane Moira Taupin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Forensic DNA Evidence at Trial: A Case Study Approach covers the most common DNA analysis methods used in criminal trials today, including STR techniques, mitochondrial DNA, and Y-STRs. It presents some novel techniques—including familial testing and analyzing domestic animal hair—that have been recently introduced in unique cases, each of which is outlined in detail. It also illustrates special issues related to forensic DNA evidence by using court proceedings such as trials and appeals, commissions of inquiry, and government and laboratory reviews. With forensic DNA analysis becoming increasingly important at trial, the lively and sometimes bizarre cases presented in this book have been carefully chosen to highlight specific concepts, methods, and interpretations used in DNA analysis. Sections throughout examine the nature of expertise with a special focus on the role of subjectivity in the interpretation of forensic DNA evidence, emphasizing cognitive bias and extraneous context. Using both convictions and exonerations as examples, the book also discusses the strengths and limitations of DNA evidence and testing. The book is written in an accessible manner for the non-scientific reader, such that criminal lawyers, judges, and forensic experts will all understand the nature of analysis and application of DNA evidence in a variety of court cases. Extensive references—including notable trial proceedings, cross references of cases, and specific forensic statistics—round out the book and help to provide a complete understanding of forensic DNA analysis and its current usage in the courtroom.

DNA in the Courtroom

Author : Howard Coleman
Publisher : DNA in the Courtroom
ISBN 13 : 9780964450707
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis DNA in the Courtroom by : Howard Coleman

Download or read book DNA in the Courtroom written by Howard Coleman and published by DNA in the Courtroom. This book was released on 1994 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear and comprehensive guide to the scientific and legal issues surrounding forensic DNA testing.

Inside the Cell

Author : Erin E. Murphy
Publisher : Bold Type Books
ISBN 13 : 1568584695
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Inside the Cell by : Erin E. Murphy

Download or read book Inside the Cell written by Erin E. Murphy and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: a version less likely to play out on dramatic television shows. In Inside the Cell, Erin Murphy shows how DNA typing can be subject to misuse, mistake, and error, and lead to a police state run amok. Murphy shows the perils of a society in which "stop-and-frisk" becomes "stop-and-spit," or in which police pose undercover to get a DNA sample from your discarded lunch. Already, police can collect DNA when making an arrest, sometimes before charging a person with a crime. The government is building a massive DNA database, stockpiling samples from as much as a third of the male population, and the laws regulating what they can and cannot do with them are weak. Murphy shows how this invites the riskiest kind of genetic surveillance imaginable. Just because DNA testing is good science does not mean that it is foolproof. Faulty forensic science is the number two factor leading to wrongful conviction, and yet we have done little to improve the use of science in criminal justice.

ABA Standards for Criminal Justice

Author : American Bar Association. Criminal Justice Standards Committee
Publisher : American Bar Association
ISBN 13 : 9781590318928
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis ABA Standards for Criminal Justice by : American Bar Association. Criminal Justice Standards Committee

Download or read book ABA Standards for Criminal Justice written by American Bar Association. Criminal Justice Standards Committee and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although the Standards in this volume are considered part of the set of Third Edition ABA Criminal Justice Standards, the earlier editions did not include standards on DNA evidence. Therefore, the Standards included here are the first ABA Criminal Justice Standards on DNA Evidence."--Page iii.

The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309053951
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.

DNA Evidence in the Australian Legal System

Author : M. Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780409343267
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (432 download)

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Book Synopsis DNA Evidence in the Australian Legal System by : M. Smith

Download or read book DNA Evidence in the Australian Legal System written by M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA Evidence in the Australian Legal System discusses the legal issues associated with DNA evidence, ranging from crime scene collection and DNA databases through to its use in criminal trials and appeals. This integrated text explains important legal issues associated with DNA evidence that have developed alongside the science. While there are a number of books available that discuss DNA evidence from a forensic science perspective, this text is one of the few worldwide to focus on these issues from a legal perspective. A wide range of legal issues are discussed, including those associated with the collection of DNA evidence at the crime scene, laboratory analysis, creation of DNA profiles, use of DNA databases, the presentation of DNA evidence at trial, and the use of DNA in the review of convictions and acquittals. Forensic procedures legislation is reviewed, as well as key cases relevant to each of these topics. The text also includes a comparative discussion of developments in key jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom and United States, providing context for current and potential future developments in Australia. It is intended that this book will be an authority on DNA evidence and the law in Australia and an important reference for those studying, working with or researching the topic. This includes professionals such as lawyers, researchers, police, laboratory scientists, policymakers and expert witnesses who work in the criminal justice system, as well as students of law, criminology, criminal justice and forensic science.

The Impact of Scientific Evidence on the Criminal Trial

Author : Oriola Sallavaci
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317910907
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Scientific Evidence on the Criminal Trial by : Oriola Sallavaci

Download or read book The Impact of Scientific Evidence on the Criminal Trial written by Oriola Sallavaci and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores challenges posed by the use of DNA evidence to the traditional features, procedures and principles of the criminal trial. It examines the limitations of existing theories of criminal trial processes in the face of increasing use of scientific evidence in the court room. The research elucidates the interconnections at trial of three epistemologies, namely legal reasoning, as represented by counsel and trial judge, common sense manifested by the jury and scientific reasoning expounded by the expert witness. Sallavaci argues that while scientific reasoning is part of this hybrid of trial languages and practices, its extended use is producing specifically novel tensions which impact on the traditional criminal trial landscape. Through the lens of DNA evidence, the book investigates how far the use of scientific evidence in the fact finding process poses challenges for the adversarial character of the proceedings and rules of evidence; how it affects the role of the judge, jury and expert witness, as well as the principle of orality and continuity of the trial. In comparing the challenges faced in English common law trials to those of the USA, this book has international scope, and will be of great use and interest to students and researchers of Criminal Law and Practice, Policing, and the role of Forensics in Law.

Genetic Witness

Author : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Witness by : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment

Download or read book Genetic Witness written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dealing with DNA Evidence

Author : Andrei Semikhodskii
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135390401
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (353 download)

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Book Synopsis Dealing with DNA Evidence by : Andrei Semikhodskii

Download or read book Dealing with DNA Evidence written by Andrei Semikhodskii and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giving the reader an in-depth understanding of DNA evidence in criminal practice, this text explains in clear language how DNA evidence is obtained and how it can be successfully challenged in court to minimize its impact or even dismiss it completely. Since it first entered the criminal legal practice DNA has become an indispensable tool in fighting crime, as it allows both unambiguous identification of the criminal by traces of biological material left at the crime scene as well as acquitting innocent suspects. This book: outlines the various types of testing used to obtain DNA evidence highlights the weaknesses of DNA testing, presenting and discussing defence strategies for refuting DNA evidence shows how DNA should be treated as just another piece of evidence and how on its own it is often not enough to convict someone of a particular crime. This book is essential reading for students and practitioners of criminal law and practice and forensic science and law.

Forensic DNA Evidence on Trial

Author : Victoria Grace
Publisher : Isce Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780984216543
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Forensic DNA Evidence on Trial by : Victoria Grace

Download or read book Forensic DNA Evidence on Trial written by Victoria Grace and published by Isce Publishing. This book was released on 2011-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon their own groundbreaking research, the authors demonstrate that major assumptions about science influence how forensic DNA evidence is interpreted by police officers, lawyers, forensic scientists, and jurors.

Interpreting Complex Forensic DNA Evidence

Author : Jane Moira Taupin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351023772
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpreting Complex Forensic DNA Evidence by : Jane Moira Taupin

Download or read book Interpreting Complex Forensic DNA Evidence written by Jane Moira Taupin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpreting Complex Forensic DNA Evidence is a handy guide to recent advances—and emerging issues—in interpreting complex DNA evidence and profiles for use in criminal investigations. In certain cases, DNA cannot be connected to a specific biological material such as blood, semen or saliva. How or when the DNA was deposited may be an issue. The possibility of generating DNA profiles from touched objects, where there may not be a visible deposit, has expanded the scope and number of exhibits submitted for DNA analysis. With such advances, and increasing improvements in technological capabilities in testing samples, this means it is possible to detect ever smaller amounts of DNA. There are also many efforts underway to seek was to interpret DNA profiles that are sub-optimal—either relative to the amount required by the testing kit and, potentially, the quality of the obtained sample. Laboratories often use enhancements in order to obtain a readable DNA profile. The broad-reaching implications of improving DNA sensitivity have led to this next, emerging generation of more complex profiles. Examples partial profiles that do not faithfully reflect the proposed donor, or mixtures of partial DNA from multiple people. A complexity threshold has been proposed to limit interpretation of poor-quality data. Research is now addressing the interpretation of transfer of trace amounts of DNA. Complex issues are arising in trial that need to be reconciled as such complexity has added challenges to the interpretation of evidence and its introduction or dismissal in certain cases in the courts. Key Features: Addresses DNA transfer, from person-to-person as well as to objects Outlines each stage required to produce a DNA profile from an exhibit—including collection, handling, storage, and analysis Discusses ethics, subjectivity, and bias—including cognitive dissonance—as they relate specifically to complex DNA evidence Highlights current techniques and the latest advances in DNA analysis, including advances in familial DNA searches Interpreting Complex Forensic DNA Evidence provides tools to assist the criminal investigator, forensic expert, and legal professional when posed with a DNA result in a forensic report or testimony. The result—and any associated statistic—may not reveal any ambiguity, complexity, or the assumptions involved in deriving it. Questions from resolved criminal cases are posed, and the relevant forensic literature, provided for the reader to assess a DNA result and any associated statistic. Case studies throughout illustrate concepts and emphasize the need for conclusions in the forensic report that are supported by the data.

The Future of Forensic DNA Testing

Author : Us Department of Justice
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781410219480
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Forensic DNA Testing by : Us Department of Justice

Download or read book The Future of Forensic DNA Testing written by Us Department of Justice and published by . This book was released on 2005-01 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence was created in 1998 at the request of Attorney General Janet Reno. When she read about the use of DNA to exonerate someone wrongfully convicted of rape and homicide, she became concerned that others might also have been wrongly convicted. The Attorney General then directed the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to identify how often DNA had exonerated wrongfully convicted defendants. After extensive study, NIJ published the report Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science: Case Studies in the Use of DNA Evidence to Establish Innocence After Trial, which presents case studies of 28 inmates for whom DNA analysis was exculpatory. On learning of the breadth and scope of the issues related to forensic DNA, the Attorney General asked NIJ to establish the Commission as a means to examine the future of DNA evidence and how the Justice Department could encourage its most effective use. The Commission was appointed by the former Director of the National Institute of Justice, Jeremy Travis, and represents the broad spectrum of the criminal justice system. Chaired by the Honorable Shirley S. Abrahamson, Chief Justice of the Wisconsin State Supreme Court, the Commission consists of representatives from the prosecution, the defense bar, law enforcement, the scientific community, the medical examiner community, academia, and victims' rights organizations.