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Use Of Psychometric Testing In Defining Intelligence
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Book Synopsis Use of psychometric testing in defining intelligence by : Jon Michael Jachimowicz
Download or read book Use of psychometric testing in defining intelligence written by Jon Michael Jachimowicz and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-04-05 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Psychology - Learning Psychology, Intelligence Research, grade: 20, University of St Andrews, language: English, abstract: Researchers widely disagree on a common definition of intelligence (Sternberg & Berg, 1986), conceptually describing it as “a general capacity for inferring and applying relationships drawn from experience” (Herrnstein & Murray, 1994), emphasizing that “it is not merely book learning []; [it is] a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings []” (Gottfredson, 1997). In stark contrast are more operational definitions based on psychometric intelligence measures, such as “Intelligence is what the tests test” (Boring, 1923), or “a person’s score on a statistically determined set of questions” (Herrnstein & Murray, 1994). Although having supported the theoretical development of intelligence, psychometric tests have been criticized for their over-simplification, inaccuracies and potential misuse (Nisbett et al, 2012). This essay will focus on evaluating potential benefits and drawbacks of using psychometric intelligence tests to help define intelligence, concentrating on the most dominant ‘IQ’ test, for which the bulk of evidence exists. [...]
Book Synopsis Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases.
Book Synopsis Human Intelligence and Medical Illness by : R. Grant Steen
Download or read book Human Intelligence and Medical Illness written by R. Grant Steen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As critics will note, psychometric tests are deeply flawed. Person-to-person differences in performance on a psychometric test are not informative about many things of great interest. An intelligence quotient (IQ) cannot characterize creativity or w- dom or artistic ability or other forms of specialized knowledge. An IQ test is simply an effort to assess an aptitude for success in the modern world, and individual scores do a mediocre job of predicting individual successes. In the early days of psychology, tests of intelligence were cobbled together with little thought as to validity; instead, the socially powerful sought to validate their power and the prominent to rationalize their success. In recent years, we have ob- ated many of the objections to IQ that were so forcefully noted by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man. Nevertheless, IQ tests are still flawed and those flaws are hereby acknowledged in principle. Yet, in the analysis that follows, individual IQ test scores are not used; rather, average IQ scores are employed. In many cases – though not all – an average IQ is calculated from a truly enormous sample of people. The most common circ- stance for such large-scale IQ testing is an effort to systematically sample all men of a certain age, to assess their suitability for service in the military. Yet, it is useful and prudent to retain some degree of skepticism about the ability of IQ tests to measure individual aptitudes.
Book Synopsis IQ and Psychometric Tests by : Philip Carter
Download or read book IQ and Psychometric Tests written by Philip Carter and published by Kogan Page Publishers. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IQ and psychometric tests are increasingly used in recruitment and selection procedures by those companies who want to ensure they employ workers of the highest calibre. With hundreds of questions on verbal, numerical and spatial ability, memory, creativity and personality, IQ and Psychometric Tests will help you to weigh up your strengths and weaknesses and improve your score. It also includes two full length IQ tests. Vital preparation for anyone facing these tests as part of a recruitment procedure, IQ and Psychometric Tests will also appeal to anyone who enjoys stretching their mind and exercising their brain.
Book Synopsis Essentials of Assessment with Brief Intelligence Tests by : Susan R. Homack
Download or read book Essentials of Assessment with Brief Intelligence Tests written by Susan R. Homack and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-20 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to confidently administer, score, and interpret various brief intelligence tests Essentials of Assessment with Brief Intelligence Tests efficiently presents, in the popular Essentials format, concise information on the range of brief intelligence tests that are used most often in school and clinical practices and provides an overview and definition of brief intelligence testing as well as its uses and limitations. Sample evaluations using brief intelligence tests are also included. This compact and easy-to-use book includes coverage of: * The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-Second Edition (KBIT-2) * Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test (RIST) * Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) * Wide Range Intelligence Test (WRIT) As part of the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, this volume provides information mental health professionals need to practice knowledgably, efficiently, and ethically in today's behavioral healthcare environment. Each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as "Test Yourself" questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Essentials of Assessment with Brief Intelligence Tests includes vital, yet succinct, information on the four most commonly used brief intelligence tests and equips clinicians including school psychologists, clinical psychologists, and learning specialists with the knowledge and skills to make optimal use of these important tests. Other titles in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series: Essentials of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) Assessment Essentials of WISC?-IV Assessment Essentials of WIAT?-II and KTEA-II Assessment Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessment Essentials of WJ III Cognitive Abilities Assessment Essentials of WJ III Tests of Achievement Assessment Essentials of WPPSI-III Assessment Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment Essentials of KABC-II Assessment Essentials of NEPSY? Assessment Essentials of Assessment Report Writing Essentials of WMS?-III Assessment
Download or read book Intelligence written by Paul Kline and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paul Kline's latest book provides a readable modern account of the psychometric view of intelligence. It explains factor analysis and the construction of intelligence tests, and shows how the resulting factors provide a picture of human abilities. Written to be clear and concise it none the less provides a rigorous account of the psychometric view of intelligence.
Book Synopsis Psychological Testing and Assessment by : Ronald Jay Cohen
Download or read book Psychological Testing and Assessment written by Ronald Jay Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience by : Aron K. Barbey
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience written by Aron K. Barbey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook introduces the reader to the thought-provoking research on the neural foundations of human intelligence. Written for undergraduate or graduate students, practitioners, and researchers in psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and related fields, the chapters summarize research emerging from the rapidly developing neuroscience literature on human intelligence. The volume focusses on theoretical innovation and recent advances in the measurement, modelling, and characterization of the neurobiology of intelligence differences, especially from brain imaging studies. It summarizes fundamental issues in the characterization and measurement of general intelligence, and surveys multidisciplinary research consortia and large-scale data repositories for the study of general intelligence. A systematic review of neuroimaging methods for studying intelligence is provided, including structural and diffusion-weighted MRI techniques, functional MRI methods, and spectroscopic imaging of metabolic markers of intelligence.
Book Synopsis Human Intelligence by : Robert J. Sternberg
Download or read book Human Intelligence written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive, up-to-date, and readable textbook on human intelligence, written by leading experts in the field.
Book Synopsis What Intelligence Tests Miss by : Keith E. Stanovich
Download or read book What Intelligence Tests Miss written by Keith E. Stanovich and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-27 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critics of intelligence tests writers such as Robert Sternberg, Howard Gardner, and Daniel Goleman have argued in recent years that these tests neglect important qualities such as emotion, empathy, and interpersonal skills. However, such critiques imply that though intelligence tests may miss certain key noncognitive areas, they encompass most of what is important in the cognitive domain. In this book, Keith E. Stanovich challenges this widely held assumption.Stanovich shows that IQ tests (or their proxies, such as the SAT) are radically incomplete as measures of cognitive functioning. They fail to assess traits that most people associate with good thinking, skills such as judgment and decision making. Such cognitive skills are crucial to real-world behavior, affecting the way we plan, evaluate critical evidence, judge risks and probabilities, and make effective decisions. IQ tests fail to assess these skills of rational thought, even though they are measurable cognitive processes. Rational thought is just as important as intelligence, Stanovich argues, and it should be valued as highly as the abilities currently measured on intelligence tests.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence by : Robert J. Sternberg
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 1758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the foremost experts in human intelligence. It not only includes traditional topics, such as the nature, measurement, and development of intelligence, but also contemporary research into intelligence and video games, collective intelligence, emotional intelligence, and leadership intelligence. In an area of study that has been fraught with ideological differences, this Handbook provides scientifically balanced and objective chapters covering a wide range of topics. It does not shy away from material that historically has been emotionally charged and sometimes covered in biased ways, such as intellectual disability, race and intelligence, culture and intelligence, and intelligence testing. The overview provided by this two-volume set leaves virtually no area of intelligence research uncovered, making it an ideal resource for undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals looking for a refresher or a summary of the new developments.
Book Synopsis Successful Intelligence by : Robert J. Sternberg
Download or read book Successful Intelligence written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues people need 3 kinds of intelligence to be successful in life: analytical, creative and practical.
Book Synopsis Systems Science and Cybernetics - Volume III by : Francisco Parra-Luna
Download or read book Systems Science and Cybernetics - Volume III written by Francisco Parra-Luna and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject “Systems sciences and cybernetics” is the outcome of the convergence of a number of trends in a larger current of thought devoted to the growing complexity of (primarily social) objects and arising in response to the need for globalized treatment of such objects. This has been magnified by the proliferation and publication of all manner of quantitative scientific data on such objects, advances in the theories on their inter-relations, the enormous computational capacity provided by IT hardware and software and the critical revisiting of subject-object interaction, not to mention the urgent need to control the efficiency of complex systems, where “efficiency” is understood to mean the ability to find a solution to many social problems, including those posed on a planetary scale. The result has been the forging of a new, academically consolidated scientific trend going by the name of Systems Theory and Cybernetics, with a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary focus and therefore apt for understanding realities still regarded to be inescapably chaotic. This subject entry is subdivided into four sections. The first, an introduction to systemic theories, addresses the historic development of the most commonly used systemic approaches, from new concepts such as the so-called “geometry of thinking” or the systemic treatment of “non-systemic identities” to the taxonomic, entropic, axiological and ethical problems deriving from a general “systemic-cybernetic” conceit. Hence, the focus in this section is on the historic and philosophical aspects of the subject. Moreover, it may be asserted today that, beyond a shadow of a doubt, problems, in particular problems deriving from human interaction but in general any problem regardless of its nature, must be posed from a systemic perspective, for otherwise the obstacles to their solution are insurmountable. Reaching such a perspective requires taking at least the following well-known steps: a) statement of the problem from the determinant variables or phenomena; b) adoption of theoretical models showing the interrelationships among such variables; c) use of the maximum amount of – wherever possible quantitative – information available on each; d) placement of the set of variables in an environment that inevitably pre-determines the problem. That epistemology would explain the substantial development of the systemic-cybernetic approach in recent decades. The articles in the second section deal in particular with the different methodological approaches developed when confronting real problems, from issues that affect humanity as a whole to minor but specific questions arising in human organizations. Certain sub-themes are discussed by the various authors – always from a didactic vantage –, including: problem discovery and diagnosis and development of the respective critical theory; the design of ad hoc strategies and methodologies; the implementation of both qualitative (soft system methodologies) and formal and quantitative (such as the “General System Problem Solver” or the “axiological-operational” perspective) approaches; cross-disciplinary integration; and suitable methods for broaching psychological, cultural and socio-political dynamisms. The third section is devoted to cybernetics in the present dual meaning of the term: on the one hand, control of the effectiveness of communication and actions, and on the other, the processes of self-production of knowledge through reflection and the relationship between the observing subject and the observed object when the latter is also observer and the former observed. Known as “second order cybernetics”, this provides an avenue for rethinking the validity of knowledge, such as for instance when viewed through what is known as “bipolar feedback”: processes through which interactions create novelty, complexity and diversity. Finally, the fourth section centres around artificial and computational intelligence, addressing sub-themes such as “neural networks”, the “simulated annealing” that ranges from statistical thermodynamics to combinatory problem-solving, such as in the explanation of the role of adaptive systems, or when discussing the relationship between biological and computational intelligence.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice by : Alan Carr
Download or read book The Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice written by Alan Carr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-12 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice will equip clinical psychologists in training with the skills necessary to complete a clinical placement in the field of intellectual disability. Building on the success of the previous edition this handbook has been extensively revised. Throughout, the text, references, and website addresses and have been updated to reflect important developments since the publication the first edition. Recent research findings on the epidemiology, aetiology, course, outcome, assessment and treatment of all psychological problems considered in the book have been incorporated into the text. Account has been taken of changes in the diagnosis and classification of intellectual disability and psychological problems reflected in the AAIDD-11 and the DSM-5. New chapters on the assessment of adaptive behaviour and support needs, person-centred active support, and the assessment of dementia in people with intellectual disability have been added. The book is divided into eight sections: Section 1: Covers general conceptual frameworks for practice - diagnosis, classification, epidemiology and lifespan development. Section 2: Focuses on assessment of intelligence, adaptive behaviour, support needs, quality of life, and the processes of interviewing and report writing. Section 3: Covers intervention frameworks, specifically active support, applied behavioural analysis and cognitive behaviour therapy. Section 4: Deals with supporting families of children with intellectual disability, genetic syndromes and autism spectrum disorders. Section 5: Covers issues associated with intellectual disability first evident or prevalent in middle childhood. Section 6: Deals with adolescent concerns including life skills training, relationships and sexuality. Section 7: Focuses on residential, vocational and family-related challenges of adulthood and aging. Section 8: Deals with professional issues and risk assessment. Chapters cover theoretical and empirical issues on the one hand and practice issues on the other. They close with summaries and suggestions for further reading for practitioners and families containing a member with an intellectual disability. Where appropriate, in many chapters, practice exercises to aid skills development have been included. The second edition of the Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice is one of a set of three volumes which cover the lion’s share of the curriculum for clinical psychologists in training in the UK and Ireland. The other two volumes are the Handbook of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology, Third Edition (by Alan Carr) and the Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology Practice, Second Edition (edited by Alan Carr & Muireann McNulty).
Book Synopsis Personality and Individual Differences by : Bere Mahoney
Download or read book Personality and Individual Differences written by Bere Mahoney and published by Learning Matters. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic Inspection Copy Available for instructors here This accessible introductory text covers core domains of variation in individual differences: the history, philosophy and methods used in individual differences psychology, personality, intellect, affect and the self. It provides concise and focused coverage of the central concepts, research and debates in this key area, while developing students' higher level skills. Activities help readers build the underpinning generic critical thinking and transferable skills they need to become independent learners, and to meet the requirements of their programme of study.
Book Synopsis IQ and Psychometric Test Workbook by : Philip Carter
Download or read book IQ and Psychometric Test Workbook written by Philip Carter and published by Kogan Page Publishers. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although most people believe that there is little we can do to improve the intelligence we were born with, the brain can be exercised just like any other part of the body. Thought processes and intelligence scoring can be improved by practising different types of testing. This title from IQ expert Philip Carter is a companion volume to the bestselilng IQ and Psychometric Tests, and it includes not only hundreds of practice questions, but also answers but explanations. The broader format allows space for writing answers and making notes, and readers are provided with feedback so that they can assess their own strengths and weaknesses. Topics covered include: verbal aptitude tests, numerical aptitude tests, visual aptitude tests, problem solving tests, personality questionnairesm and advice on adopting the right approach to psychometric testing. The IQ and Psychometric Test Workbook provides an ideal opportunity for anyone to improve their IQ rating, or individual performance at psychometric tests, through continual practice and self-assessment.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development by : Sam Goldstein
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development written by Sam Goldstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks.
