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Us Exports Of Oil And Natural Gas
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Book Synopsis U.S. Exports of Oil and Natural Gas by : Frank G. Adams
Download or read book U.S. Exports of Oil and Natural Gas written by Frank G. Adams and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost four decades ago, in response to the Arab oil embargo and recession it triggered, Congress passed legislation restricting crude oil exports and establishing the SPR to release oil to the market during supply disruptions and protect the U.S. economy from damage. After decades of generally falling U.S. crude oil production, technological advances have contributed to increasing U.S. production. This book examines what is known about price implications of removing crude oil export restrictions; other key potential implications; and implications of recent changes in market conditions on the SPR. This book also discusses and describes the status of applications to export liquefied natural gas-natural gas cooled to a liquid state for transport- and the Department of Energy's process to review them; and the status of applications to build LNG export facilities and FERC's process to review them.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :152 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis U.S. Crude Oil Export Policy by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Download or read book U.S. Crude Oil Export Policy written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Energy Outlook written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oil and Natural Gas by : V. C. Mtsiva
Download or read book Oil and Natural Gas written by V. C. Mtsiva and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political words, machinations and policies galore cannot disguise US dependence on foreign petroleum and natural gas to keep the country moving. The ever-changing geopolitical scene complicates the pictures as does US willingness to use military force to keep the spigots open. This new book presents and analyses the current issues in this big-money, big-risk and non-trivial field.
Book Synopsis Delivering the Goods by : Frank A. Verrastro
Download or read book Delivering the Goods written by Frank A. Verrastro and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-02-19 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North American energy landscape has shifted in significant ways. New development of abundant tight oil and unconventional natural gas resources creates an historic opportunity to enhance economic growth throughout North America and improve the region’s competitiveness in global markets. The rapid pace of development of these resources, along with changes in consumption, however, have created a unique need for new and expanded infrastructure and a reevaluation of North America’s place in the global energy market. This report captures the current state of crude oil production growth and the infrastructure required and then frames the related major policy and regulatory discussions, including environmental concerns, crude oil exports, the strategic petroleum reserve, and the Jones Act.
Book Synopsis U.S. Oil Imports: Context and Considerations by :
Download or read book U.S. Oil Imports: Context and Considerations written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.s. Crude Oil Export Policy by : Congressional Research Service
Download or read book U.s. Crude Oil Export Policy written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During an era of oil price controls and following the 1973 Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries oil embargo, Congress passed the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), which directs the President “to promulgate a rule prohibiting the export of crude oil” produced in the United States. Crude oil export restrictions are codified in the Export Administration Regulations administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)—a Commerce Department agency. Generally, U.S. crude oil exports are prohibited, although there are a number of exemptions and circumstances under which crude oil exports are allowed. The President has authority to allow certain crude oil exports if an exemption is determined to be in the national interest. In 2009, a decades-long U.S. oil production decline was reversed due to the application of advanced drilling and extraction technologies to produce tight oil, generally light/sweet crude primarily located in Texas and North Dakota. Limited demand for tight oil and condensate being produced in the Texas/Gulf Coast region may result because certain refiners in that region are currently configured to process heavier crudes. As a result, oil producers and industry analysts are projecting an oversupply of light oil, which could lead to price discounts and lower production should export restrictions remain. However, the industry is dynamic, and refiners can modify operating configurations and add equipment in order to accommodate more light crude volumes. Price discounts may be needed to motivate such changes. The effect on domestic gasoline prices is a major consideration, among several, associated with allowing crude oil exports. Commercial studies and federal government analysis suggests that gasoline prices are correlated to international crude oil prices—since gasoline and other petroleum products can be exported without restriction—and U.S. gasoline prices could possibly decrease if crude oil exports were allowed. However, the projected decreases—assuming ~$100 per barrel crude oil prices—are relatively small and range from $0.02 to $0.12 per gallon. Congress may choose to consider crude oil export policy options that could range from maintaining existing restrictions to eliminating the prohibition on crude oil exports. During the 113th Congress, four bills were introduced that would have eliminated crude oil export restrictions: H.R. 4286, H.R. 4349, S. 2170, and H.R. 5814. Some Members of Congress have expressed the desire to maintain crude oil restrictions. However, maintaining restrictions might not prevent more crude-oil-like material from being exported, because varying interpretations of existing regulations may allow for more exports. The crude oil definition in the export regulations is open to interpretation and has many undefined terms that the industry may explore with the objective of determining the minimum amount of crude oil processing necessary that would result in an exportable product. It is not clear how broadly or narrowly BIS might interpret existing laws and regulations. Finally, Congress may choose to explore other options between eliminating and maintaining restrictions. Examples may include allowing exports of lease condensate—an ultralight hydrocarbon that is typically produced with natural gas—allowing unrestricted exports to Mexico since exports to Canada are not restricted, allowing a certain type of crude (i.e., light/sweet) from a certain location (i.e., Texas) to be exported—much like the California heavy crude oil export exemption—or allowing crude oil exports for a limited time period since U.S. oil production growth is uncertain and may, according to the Energy Information Administration, peak in 2020. The President has the authority to make national interest determinations that would allow for more crude oil exports.
Book Synopsis Middle East and North Africa Unrest by : Michael Ratner
Download or read book Middle East and North Africa Unrest written by Michael Ratner and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political unrest in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has contributed to higher oil prices and added instability to energy markets. Supply disruptions and fears about the possible spread of unrest to major exporters have pushed prices higher. Even if the crisis abates, some risk premium may persist to the degree that market participants fear such an event could occur again. Contents of this report: (1) Introduction; (2) Short-Term Pricing Pressures: Unrest Contributes to Higher Oil Prices; Impacts on the U.S. Oil Market; U.S. Natural Gas More Insulated from MENA Turmoil; (3) Long-Term Considerations: Risks May Persist; (4) Policy Considerations; Strategic Petroleum Reserve; Other Policy Options. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :72 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Examining the Effects of Liquefied Natural Gas Exports on U.S. Foreign Policy by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements
Download or read book Examining the Effects of Liquefied Natural Gas Exports on U.S. Foreign Policy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.s. Oil Imports and Exports by : Neelesh Nerurkar
Download or read book U.s. Oil Imports and Exports written by Neelesh Nerurkar and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last six years, net oil imports have fallen by 33% to average 8.4 million barrels per day (Mb/d) in 2011. This represents 45% of domestic consumption, down from 60% in 2005. Oil is a critical resource for the U.S. economy, but despite policy makers' longstanding concern, U.S. oil imports had generally increased for decades until peaking in 2005. Since then, the economic downturn and higher oil prices were a drag on oil consumption, while price-driven private investment and policy helped increase domestic supply of oil and oil alternatives. Net imports are gross imports minus exports. The decline in net imports has manifested itself as a decrease in gross imports and an increase in exports of petroleum products. Gross U.S. imports of crude oil and petroleum products averaged 11.4 Mb/d in 2011, down 17% since 2005. More than a third of gross imports came from Canada and Mexico in 2011. About 40% came from members of the Organization for the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), mostly from OPEC members outside the Persian Gulf. Regionally, the largest share of U.S. imports come into the Gulf Coast region, which holds about half of U.S. refining capacity and sends petroleum products to other parts of the country and abroad. All regions of the country import more crude than refined products except for the East Coast, where petroleum products imports may rise further due to refinery closures. U.S. oil exports, made up almost entirely of petroleum products, averaged 2.9 Mb/d in 2011. This is up from export of 1.2 Mb/d in 2005, led by growing export of distillates (diesel and related fuels) and gasoline. More than 60% of U.S. exports went to countries in the Western Hemisphere, particularly to countries such as Mexico and Canada from which the U.S. imports crude oil. Exports occur largely as a result of commercial decisions by oil market participants which reflect current oil market conditions as well as past investment in refining. As a result, net oil imports fell from a peak of 12.5 Mb/d in 2005 to 8.4 Mb/d in 2011, their lowest level since 1995. A consensus is generally emerging among energy analysts that U.S. oil imports may be past their peak, reached in 2005. Imports as a share of consumption are expected to fall further, to less than 40% after 2020 driven by tighter fuel economy standards and increased domestic supply. Despite the decline in net import volumes, the cost of net imports has increased due to rising oil prices. The aggregate national cost of oil imports is a function of the volume of oil imported and the price of that oil. The United States spent about $327 billion on net oil imports in 2011. Being a net importer of a particular good is not necessarily negative for an economy, but greater national oil import dependence can amplify the negative economic impacts of oil price increases. Oil import and export developments pose a host of policy issues. Concerns about import dependence continue to generate interest in policy options to directly discourage imports or to reduce the need for imports by increasing domestic supply and decreasing demand. Rising exports at a time of rising prices has led to calls for policies to restrict such trade. The debate around the Keystone XL pipeline involves concerns about imports, exports, and the environment. The rising cost for fuels has led to calls for release of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, meant to provide a short term policy option in case of supply disruptions. Policy options may entail various economic, fiscal, and environmental trade-offs.
Book Synopsis U.S. Natural Gas Exports by : Michael Ratner
Download or read book U.S. Natural Gas Exports written by Michael Ratner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Special Libraries Association. Committee on U.S. Sources of Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :112 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (555 download)
Book Synopsis U.S. Sources of Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics by : Special Libraries Association. Committee on U.S. Sources of Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics
Download or read book U.S. Sources of Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics written by Special Libraries Association. Committee on U.S. Sources of Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.s. Natural Gas Exports by : Michael Ratner
Download or read book U.s. Natural Gas Exports written by Michael Ratner and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As estimates for the amount of U.S. natural gas resources have grown, so have the prospects of rising U.S. natural gas exports. The United States is expected to go from a net importer of natural gas to a net exporter by 2020. Projects to export liquefied natural gas (LNG) by tanker ship have been proposed—cumulatively accounting for about 12.5% of current U.S. natural gas production—and are at varying stages of regulatory approval. Projects require federal approval under Section 3 of the Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. §717b), with the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission being the lead authorizing agencies. Pipeline exports, which accounted for 94% of all exports of U.S. produced natural gas in 2010, are also likely to rise. What effect exporting natural gas will have on U.S. prices is the central question in the debate over whether to export. A significant rise in U.S. natural gas exports would likely put upwards pressure on domestic prices, but the magnitude of any rise is currently unclear. There are numerous factors that will affect prices: export volumes, economic growth, differences in local markets, and government regulations, among others. With today's natural gas prices relatively low compared to global prices and historically low for the United States, producers are looking for new markets for their natural gas. Producers contend that increased exports will not raise prices significantly as there is ample supply to meet domestic demand, and there will be the added benefits of increased revenues, trade, and jobs, and less flaring. Consumers of natural gas, who are being helped by the low prices, fear prices will rise if natural gas is exported. Electric power generation represents potentially the greatest increase in natural gas consumption in the U.S. economy, primarily for environmental reasons. Natural gas emits much less carbon dioxide and other pollutants than coal when combusted. Other types of consumption are not likely to increase natural gas demand domestically for a long time. Use in the transportation sector to displace oil is likely to be small because expensive new infrastructure and technologies would be required. There is discussion of a possible revival of the U.S. petrochemicals sector, but the potential extent of a change is unclear. Getting natural gas to markets where it can be consumed, whether domestically or internationally, may be the industry's biggest challenge. Infrastructure constraints, environmental regulations, and other factors will influence how the market adjusts to balance supply and demand. Environmental groups are split regarding natural gas use, with some favoring increased use to curb emissions of certain pollutants, while others oppose expanded use of natural gas because it is not as clean as renewable forms of energy, such as wind or solar. The use of hydraulic fracturing to produce shale gas has also raised concerns among environmental groups particularly concerned with its possible impacts on water quality. The possibility of a significant increase in U.S. natural gas exports will factor into ongoing debates on the economy, energy independence, climate change, and energy security. As the proposed projects continue to develop, policymakers are likely to receive more inquiries about these projects. Proposals to expedite and expand LNG exports have already been raised in the 113th Congress, including in S. 192 and H.R. 580. Two other bills, H.R. 1189 and H.R. 1191, would reform the DOE's process for determining the public interest regarding LNG exports and prohibit exports of natural gas produced on federal lands.
Book Synopsis Mexican Oil and Natural Gas by : Richard B. Mancke
Download or read book Mexican Oil and Natural Gas written by Richard B. Mancke and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1979 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petro-Aggression written by Jeff Colgan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jeff D. Colgan explores why some oil-exporting countries are aggressive, while others are not. Using evidence from key countries such as Iraq, Iran, Libya, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, Petro-Aggression proposes a new theoretical framework to explain the importance of oil to international security.
Book Synopsis U.S. Imports and Exports of Natural Gas by :
Download or read book U.S. Imports and Exports of Natural Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The World Oil Market in the 1980s by : Everett M. Ehrlich
Download or read book The World Oil Market in the 1980s written by Everett M. Ehrlich and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
