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Us Assistance To Egypt
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Book Synopsis Egypt And The Politics Of U.s. Economic Aid by : Marvin G. Weinbaum
Download or read book Egypt And The Politics Of U.s. Economic Aid written by Marvin G. Weinbaum and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The massive U.S. economic aid program for Egypt initiated in 1975 resulted in a bilateral aid relationship shaped by the interaction of political and development goals. In this study of the program's origins and consequences, Professor Weinbaum describes its scope and identifies the constraints that delayed and limited program implementation. The author discusses the modest U.S. leverage designed to encourage economic reforms and argues that far-reaching reforms could only be attained through a major change in Egypt's political structure. He finds that, despite its failure to make Egypt more economically self-reliant, U.S. assistance has enabled the country to attain a level of consumption and development planning possible with no other alternative. The profit to the United States results from the regime's moderate foreign policies and compatible views on strategic threats to the region. Despite the mutual benefits of this aid program, Professor Weinbaum concludes that the United States must display greater sensitivity to Egypt's political and economic problems if the "special relationship" is to survive through the 1980s.
Book Synopsis Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 by : J. Alterman
Download or read book Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 written by J. Alterman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-10-03 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the ground up the story of missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations in American relations with Egypt at a seminal time. Unprecedented in its drawing on Egyptian official sources, Hopes Dashed sheds new light on the difficulties and challenges of a nascent relationship characterized by missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations. However beneficial the intentions of those on the ground, their desire for Egyptian economic development was stymied by bureaucratic obstacles both in Egypt and the United States. And as Egypt became embroiled in the Cold War, policy decisions increasingly were made at higher levels by officials more concerned with geopolitical and Arab-Israeli issues and less how U.S. assistance could help the domestic political economy of Egypt. Alterman compellingly shows how the interests of both countries diverged to eventually undermine an early American attempt at economic assistance.
Book Synopsis U.S. Assistance to Egypt by : Marian Cortez
Download or read book U.S. Assistance to Egypt written by Marian Cortez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. U.S. policy makers have routinely explained aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. policy makers are now debating complex questions about the future of U.S.-Egypt relations, and these debates and events in Egypt are shaping consideration of appropriations and authorization legislation in the 114th Congress. This book provides an overview of the key issues for Congress related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt.
Book Synopsis Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt, 1955-1981 by : William J. Burns
Download or read book Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt, 1955-1981 written by William J. Burns and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1985-06-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamal Abdel Nasser's 1955 decision to barter Egyptian cotton for Soviet bloc weaponry thrust Egypt onto center stage in the Cold War in the Middle East. What Egypt needed most, and what the United States was uniquely equipped to provide, was economic aid. For the Egyptian government--eager to take rapid strides toward economic development but crippled by a burgeoning population, a paucity of arable land, and a meager reserve of foreign exchange--American economic aid promised to serve as an enormously important crutch. For American policymakers, economic assistance appeared to be an ideal means of developing American influence in Egypt. Few aid relationships in the last three decades can match the drama and significance of the U.S.-Egyptian experience. This study shows how the American government attempted to use its economic aid program to induce or coerce Egypt to support U.S. interests in the Middle East in the quarter century following the 1955 Czech-Egyptian arms agreement. William J. Burns has analyzed recently released government documents and interviews with former policymakers to throw light on the use of aid as a tool of American policy toward the Nasser regime. He also offers valuable observations on the role of the American economic assistance program in the Sadat era.
Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of the key issues related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt. Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving president Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor amid popular demands. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. The Obama Administration first suspended and then recast U.S. assistance for Egypt after 2013, with Congress enacting legislation placing evolving conditions on continued U.S. aid. During the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, then-candidate Trump attempted to differentiate his approach to Egypt from then-President Obama by personally praising Sisi and vowing to strengthen the bilateral relationship if elected. Some observers express concern that any improvement in U.S.-Egyptian ties may come at the expense of human rights in Egypt. Egypt's economy remains weak, the government faces significant fiscal challenges, and campaigns of insurgent and terrorist violence by various groups threaten the country's security. Reports in the Egyptian media indicate that the Sisi administration is seeking, among other things, a restoration of certain major U.S. defense equipment sales to Egypt, an overall increase in U.S. aid to Egypt, and a U.S. designation of the Muslim Brotherhood as a foreign terrorist organization. The Trump Administration may want Egypt to improve its counterterrorism and counter-insurgency efforts in the Sinai Peninsula, participate in a new international military coalition of Arab states, and play a more active role in Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking. Between 1948 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $77.4 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation), including $1.3 billion a year in military aid from 1987 to the present. This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors. President Obama requested that Congress appropriate $1.3 billion in FY2017 military assistance and $150 million in FY2017 economic aid for Egypt. Foreign Operations appropriations legislation considered in the 114th Congress (H.R. 5912 and S. 3117) would have provided the requested military assistance, with the Senate version of the bill providing $75 million in economic aid and including the FY2016 appropriations act's withholding of 15% of FMF for Egypt from obligation until the Secretary of State can certify that Egypt is taking effective steps toward democracy and effective governance, among other things.
Download or read book Egypt written by Congressional Service and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-10 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. Administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty.U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving President Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor, Muhammad Morsi, amid popular demands.Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. President Trump has sought to improve U.S. relations with Egypt, which were perceived as strained under President Obama. Nevertheless, Administration officials have raised concerns about Egypt's new NGO law and the continued detention of American citizens in Egypt.Between 1946 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $78.3 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation). This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors.For FY2018, the President is requesting a total of $1.38 billion in foreign assistance for Egypt, nearly all of which would come from the Foreign Military Financing (FMF) account. The $75 million FY2018 Economic Support and Development Fund (ESDF) request for Egypt is well below prior year appropriations, and Egypt has not received less than $100 million in U.S. economic assistance since the late 1970s.S. 1780, the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, allocates up to $1 billion in FY2018 FMF for Egypt, while stipulating that 25% of that amount (as opposed to 15% in previous annual appropriations legislation) shall be withheld until the Secretary of State certifies and reports to the Committees on Appropriations that the Government of Egypt is taking effective steps to advance democracy and human rights in Egypt. A waiver for this certification is included in the bill. H.R. 3362, the House version of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, would provide $1.3 billion in FMF to Egypt. The bill does not include a withholding of FMF or certification requirement. It does require the Secretary of State to consult with appropriators "on any plan to restructure military assistance for Egypt."
Book Synopsis U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel by : Jeremy M. Sharp
Download or read book U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) U.S.-Israeli Relations and the Role of Foreign Aid; (2) U.S. Bilateral Military Aid to Israel: A 10-Year Military Aid Agreement; Foreign Military Financing; Ongoing U.S.-Israeli Defense Procurement Negotiations; (3) Defense Budget Appropriations for U.S.-Israeli Missile Defense Programs: Multi-Layered Missile Defense; High Altitude Missile Defense System; (4) Aid Restrictions and Possible Violations: Israeli Arms Sales to China; Israeli Settlements; (5) Other Ongoing Assistance and Cooperative Programs: Migration and Refugee Assistance; Loan Guarantees for Economic Recovery; American Schools and Hospitals Abroad Program; U.S.-Israeli Scientific and Business Cooperation; (6) Historical Background. Illustrations.
Book Synopsis Military Aid to Egypt by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Military Aid to Egypt written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 by : J. Alterman
Download or read book Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 written by J. Alterman and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2002-11-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the ground up the story of missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations in American relations with Egypt at a seminal time. Unprecedented in its drawing on Egyptian official sources, Hopes Dashed sheds new light on the difficulties and challenges of a nascent relationship characterized by missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations. However beneficial the intentions of those on the ground, their desire for Egyptian economic development was stymied by bureaucratic obstacles both in Egypt and the United States. And as Egypt became embroiled in the Cold War, policy decisions increasingly were made at higher levels by officials more concerned with geopolitical and Arab-Israeli issues and less how U.S. assistance could help the domestic political economy of Egypt. Alterman compellingly shows how the interests of both countries diverged to eventually undermine an early American attempt at economic assistance.
Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Contents: (1) Turning a Page in U.S.-Egyptian Relations?: U.S. Co. Loses Egyptian Nuclear Contract; (2) Historical Background: Egypt During the Colonial Era; The Constitutional Monarchy and the British; Nasser and Egypt During the Cold War; Egypt-Israeli Peace; The Camp David Agreement and 1979 Peace Treaty; Egypt Under Mubarak; (3) Regime Structure; (4) Political Opposition and Civil Society; (5) Current Issues in U.S.-Egyptian Relations: Egypt¿s Regional Role; Isolating Hamas; The 2008-09 Israel-Hamas War in Gaza; Smuggling Tunnels; The Release of Gilad Shalit?; Hezbollah Cell in Egypt; The Economy and U.S-Egyptian Trade; Human Rights, Religious Freedom, and Women¿s Rights; (6) U.S. Foreign Assistance. Map and table.
Book Synopsis Crackdown on Dissent by : Human Rights Watch/Americas
Download or read book Crackdown on Dissent written by Human Rights Watch/Americas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodology -- Background -- Arbitrary arrests and physical abuse of detainees -- Abuses in the streets -- Acknowledgments -- Annex of cases -- Annex: Letter to the Venezuelan government.
Book Synopsis U.S. Assistance to Egyptian Agriculture by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book U.S. Assistance to Egyptian Agriculture written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt, 1955-1981 by : William Joseph Burns
Download or read book Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt, 1955-1981 written by William Joseph Burns and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamal Abdel Nasser's 1955 decision to barter Egyptian cotton for Soviet bloc weaponry thrust Egypt onto center stage in the Cold War in the Middle East. What Egypt needed most, and what the United States was uniquely equipped to provide, was economic aid. For the Egyptian government--eager to take rapid strides toward economic development but crippled by a burgeoning population, a paucity of arable land, and a meager reserve of foreign exchange--American economic aid promised to serve as an enormously important crutch. For American policymakers, economic assistance appeared to be an ideal means of developing American influence in Egypt. Few aid relationships in the last three decades can match the drama and significance of the U.S.-Egyptian experience. This study shows how the American government attempted to use its economic aid program to induce or coerce Egypt to support U.S. interests in the Middle East in the quarter century following the 1955 Czech-Egyptian arms agreement. William J. Burns has analyzed recently released government documents and interviews with former policymakers to throw light on the use of aid as a tool of American policy toward the Nasser regime. He also offers valuable observations on the role of the American economic assistance program in the Sadat era.
Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Feb. 11, 2011, Pres. Hosni Mubarak resigned after 29 years in power. For 18 days, a popular peaceful uprising spread across Egypt and ultimately forced Mubarak to cede power to the military. Contents of this report: (1) The Jan. 25 Revolution in Egypt: Latest Developments, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Issues for the 112th Congress: The People's Revolution: A Timeline; The U.S. Response: "Orderly Transition", Lasting Security Interests; (2) Issues for Congress: Pres. Succession: Who Will Follow Mubarak?; Managing Egypt's Leadership Transition; The Muslim Brotherhood; The Role of the Military in Egyptian Society; Promoting Democracy in Egypt; (3) U.S. Foreign Assist. to Egypt; U.S.-Egyptian Trade. Map. This is a print on demand report.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :68 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Review of U.S. Assistance Programs to Egypt by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia
Download or read book Review of U.S. Assistance Programs to Egypt written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. Support for the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty by : Cyrus Roberts Vance
Download or read book U.S. Support for the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty written by Cyrus Roberts Vance and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U. S. Security Assistance to Egypt by : Scott Charles Gover
Download or read book U. S. Security Assistance to Egypt written by Scott Charles Gover and published by . This book was released on 1996-03-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines how the United States uses military assistance to influence the foreign and domestic policies of Egypt, one of the two leading recipients of U.S. security aid. While it is generally believed that arms transfers provide a patron state with influence over a client state's behavior, little evidence has been provided to support this proposition. This research examines influence theory and the difficulties associated with the study of influence. Then it examines how the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and the International Military Education and Training (IMET) programs serve as tools for the United States to exert influence. Finally, these programs are evaluated through an examination of Egyptian policy making during three historical periods which correspond to the presidencies of Gamal Nasser, Anwar Sadat, and Hosni Mubarak. The FMS program influences Egyptian behavior through the development of numerous U.S.-Egyptian personal relationships at all governmental levels and through Egyptian dependence on the United States for weapons, training, financing, and follow-on support. The MET program influences the potential leaders of Egypt by providing students exposure to U.S. culture and values. U.S. influence efforts in the case of Egypt have been most successful in obtaining short-terms goals that were of mutual interest to both nations.
