Universal language schemes in England and France 1600-1800

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Author :
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1487591020
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Universal language schemes in England and France 1600-1800 by : James Knowlson

Download or read book Universal language schemes in England and France 1600-1800 written by James Knowlson and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1975-12-15 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For centuries Latin served as an international language for scholars in Europe. Yet as early as the first half of the seventeenth century, scholars, philosophers, and scientists were beginning to turn their attention to the possibility of formulating a totally new universal language. This wide-ranging book focuses upon the role that it was thought an ideal, universal, constructed language would play in the advancement of learning. The first section examines seventeenth-century attempts to establish a universal 'common writing' or, as Bishop Wilkins called it, a 'real character and philosophical language.' This movement involved or interested scientists and philosophers as distinguished as Descartes, Mersenne, Comenius, Newton, Hooke, and Leibniz. The second part of the book follows the same theme through to the final years of the eighteenth century, where the implications of language-building for the progress of knowledge are presented as part of the wider question which so interested French philosophers, that of the influence of signs on thought. The author also includes a chapter tracing the frequent appearance of ideal languages in French and English imaginary voyages, and an appendix on the idea that gestural signs might supply a universal language. This work is intended as a contribution to the history of ideas rather than of linguistics proper, and because it straddles several disciplines, will interest a wide variety of reader. It treats comprehensively a subject that has not previously been adequately dealt with, and should become the standard work in its field.

Grammar Wars: Language as Cultural Battlefield in 17th and 18th Century England

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351807862
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Grammar Wars: Language as Cultural Battlefield in 17th and 18th Century England by : Linda C Mitchell

Download or read book Grammar Wars: Language as Cultural Battlefield in 17th and 18th Century England written by Linda C Mitchell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2001: Although 17th- and 18th-century English language theorists claimed to be correcting errors in grammar and preserving the language from corruption, this new study demonstrates how grammar served as an important cultural battlefield where social issues were contested. Author Linda C. Mitchell situates early modern linguistic discussions, long thought to be of little interest, in their larger cultural and social setting to show the startling degree to which grammar affected, and was affected by, such factors as class and gender. In her examination of the controversies that surrounded the teaching and study of grammar in this period, Mitchell looks especially at changing definitions and standardization of "grammar", how and to whom it was taught, and how grammar marked the social position of marginal groups. Her comprehensive study of the contexts in which grammar was intended or thought to function is based on her analysis of the ancillary materials - prefaces, introductions, forewords, statements of intent, organization of materials, surrounding materials, and manifestos of pedagogy, philosophy, and social or political goals - of more than 300 grammar texts of the time. The book is intended as a landmark study of an important movement in the foundation of the modern world.

Language and Society in Early Modern England

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Author :
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027276099
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Society in Early Modern England by : Vivian Salmon

Download or read book Language and Society in Early Modern England written by Vivian Salmon and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1996-09-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together twelve previously published essays, divided into three sections: 1. Surveys of 16th- and 17th-Century Linguistic Scholarship, 2. The Study of Universal and Particular Traits of Language, and 3. Language Learning and Language Instruction. The volume is completed by an index of biographical names and an index of subjects and terms.

Language, Culture, and Hegemony in Modern France

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Author :
Publisher : Summa Publications, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 9781883479596
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (795 download)

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Book Synopsis Language, Culture, and Hegemony in Modern France by : Freeman G. Henry

Download or read book Language, Culture, and Hegemony in Modern France written by Freeman G. Henry and published by Summa Publications, Inc.. This book was released on 2008 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this panoramic study, Freeman Henry chronicles the rise to prominence of French language and culture. He meticulously analyzes the protracted government-sponsored efforts to foster and maintain that status and--ultimately--the latter-day challenges to France's national linguistic identity posed by Anglocentric globalization and a multicentric European Union. The internal history of the language is closely intertwined with its external history: phonology, morphology, lexicography, and orthography come alive against a backdrop of political, cultural, and institutional manifestations. A felicitous blend of documentary evidence and critical analysis serves to elucidate crucial stages, events, and concepts: 16th-century exuberance, 17th-century foundations, 18th-century expansionism, Revolutionary ideology. Restoration restructuring and commercialization, the advent of linguistic science, the coming of the media age, encroaching technocracy, and clamors for linguistic parity. Individual chapter focus on the plight of minority linguistic communities such as the blind and the deaf, language monitoring policies and legislation such as the Loi Toubon, as well as the feminization project legitimizing Madame la ministre. --Publisher description.

George Dalgarno on Universal Language

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191584584
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis George Dalgarno on Universal Language by : David Cram

Download or read book George Dalgarno on Universal Language written by David Cram and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001-07-05 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: George Dalgarno's 'Art of Signs' ('Ars Signorum', 1661) was the first work in the seventeenth century to present a fully elaborated universal language constructed on philosophical principles. It contains a wealth of observations on human language and the nature of representation in general, and the author takes issue with leading philosophers of his day, notably Hobbes and Descartes, on epistemological and logical questions. By including the first complete English translation alongside the Latin, the present edition makes this seminal text accessible to a wider audience. The text is further elucidated by a previously unpublished autobiographical tract in which Dalgarno describes the development of his ideas, and his discussions with John Wilkins, who eventually was to produce a rival universal language scheme. In this tract Dalgarno provides, in unprecedented detail, a lucid account of the major issues involved in the debate on the structure of a philosophical language. Further tracts by Dalgarno reprinted here illustrate other facets of his thought. These include a series of broadsheets in which he advertised his scheme; 'The Deaf and Dumb Man's Tutor' (1680) which contains some original observations concerning the teaching of language to the deaf; and a treatise on 'Double Consonants' - one of the earliest treatments of phonotactics. In bringing together for the first time the full range of Dalgarno's linguistic work - which has strking resonance with modern work in universal grammar and cognitive science - the present volume gives ready access to the ideas of this original and stimulating thinker.

Language and the Rise of the Algorithm

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226822532
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and the Rise of the Algorithm by : Jeffrey M. Binder

Download or read book Language and the Rise of the Algorithm written by Jeffrey M. Binder and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide-ranging history of the intellectual developments that produced the modern idea of the algorithm. Bringing together the histories of mathematics, computer science, and linguistic thought, Language and the Rise of the Algorithm reveals how recent developments in artificial intelligence are reopening an issue that troubled mathematicians long before the computer age. How do you draw the line between computational rules and the complexities of making systems comprehensible to people? Here Jeffrey M. Binder offers a compelling tour of four visions of universal computation that addressed this issue in very different ways: G. W. Leibniz's calculus ratiocinator; a universal algebra scheme Nicolas de Condorcet designed during the French Revolution; George Boole's nineteenth-century logic system; and the early programming language ALGOL, whose name is short for algorithmic language. These episodes show that symbolic computation has repeatedly become entangled in debates about the nature of communication. To what extent can meaning be controlled by individuals, like the values of a and b in algebra, and to what extent is meaning inevitably social? By attending to this long-neglected question, we come to see that the modern idea of the algorithm is implicated in a long history of attempts to maintain a disciplinary boundary separating technical knowledge from the languages people speak day to day. Machine learning, in its increasing dependence on words, now places this boundary in jeopardy, making its stakes all the more urgent to understand. The idea of the algorithm is a levee holding back the social complexity of language, and it is about to break. This book is about the flood that inspired its construction.

The Bible, Protestantism, and the Rise of Natural Science

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521000963
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bible, Protestantism, and the Rise of Natural Science by : Peter Harrison

Download or read book The Bible, Protestantism, and the Rise of Natural Science written by Peter Harrison and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-26 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the role played by the Bible in the emergence of natural science.

Early Modern Literature and England’s Long Reformation

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000225542
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Modern Literature and England’s Long Reformation by : David Loewenstein

Download or read book Early Modern Literature and England’s Long Reformation written by David Loewenstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing early modern literature and England’s Long Reformation, this book challenges the notion that the English Reformation ended in the sixteenth century, or even by the seventeenth century. Contributions by literary scholars and historians of religion put these two disciplines in critical conversation with each other, in order to examine a complex, messy, and long-drawn-out process of reformation that continued well beyond the significant political and religious upheavals of the sixteenth century. The aim of this conversation is to generate new perspectives on the constant remaking of the Reformation—or Reformations, as some scholars prefer to characterize the multiple religious upheavals and changes, both Catholic and Protestant—of the early modern period. This interdisciplinary book makes a major contribution to debates about the nature and length of England’s Long Reformation. Early Modern Literature and England’s Long Reformation is essential reading for scholars and students considering the interconnections between literature and religion in the early modern period. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal Reformation.

Learning Languages in Early Modern England

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192574930
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Learning Languages in Early Modern England by : John Gallagher

Download or read book Learning Languages in Early Modern England written by John Gallagher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1578, the Anglo-Italian author, translator, and teacher John Florio wrote that English was 'a language that wyl do you good in England, but passe Dover, it is woorth nothing'. Learning Languages in Early Modern England is the first major study of how English-speakers learnt a variety of continental vernacular languages in the period between 1480 and 1720. English was practically unknown outside of England, which meant that the English who wanted to travel and trade with the wider world in this period had to become language-learners. Using a wide range of printed and manuscript sources, from multilingual conversation manuals to travellers' diaries and letters where languages mix and mingle, Learning Languages explores how early modern English-speakers learned and used foreign languages, and asks what it meant to be competent in another language in the past. Beginning with language lessons in early modern England, it offers a new perspective on England's 'educational revolution'. John Gallagher looks for the first time at the whole corpus of conversation manuals written for English language-learners, and uses these texts to pose groundbreaking arguments about reading, orality, and language in the period. He also reconstructs the practices of language-learning and multilingual communication which underlay early modern travel. Learning Languages offers a new and innovative study of a set of practices and experiences which were crucial to England's encounter with the wider world, and to the fashioning of English linguistic and cultural identities at home. Interdisciplinary in its approaches and broad in its chronological and thematic scope, this volume places language-learning and multilingualism at the heart of early modern British and European history.

Universal Languages and Scientific Taxonomy in the Seventeenth Century

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521244773
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (212 download)

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Book Synopsis Universal Languages and Scientific Taxonomy in the Seventeenth Century by : M. M. Slaughter

Download or read book Universal Languages and Scientific Taxonomy in the Seventeenth Century written by M. M. Slaughter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1982-09-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines highly regarded proposals during the seventeenth century for an artificial language intended to replace Latin as the international medium of communication.

The Grammar of Empire in Eighteenth-Century British Writing

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521653275
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (532 download)

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Book Synopsis The Grammar of Empire in Eighteenth-Century British Writing by : Janet Sorensen

Download or read book The Grammar of Empire in Eighteenth-Century British Writing written by Janet Sorensen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-10-19 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, first published in 2000, examines the role of language as an instrument of empire in eighteenth-century British literature.

Eloquence Embodied

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Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469652633
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Eloquence Embodied by : Céline Carayon

Download or read book Eloquence Embodied written by Céline Carayon and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a fresh look at the first two centuries of French colonialism in the Americas, this book answers the long-standing question of how and how well Indigenous Americans and the Europeans who arrived on their shores communicated with each other. French explorers and colonists in the sixteenth century noticed that Indigenous peoples from Brazil to Canada used signs to communicate. The French, in response, quickly embraced the nonverbal as a means to overcome cultural and language barriers. Celine Carayon's close examination of their accounts enables her to recover these sophisticated Native practices of embodied expressions. In a colonial world where communication and trust were essential but complicated by a multitude of languages, intimate and sensory expressions ensured that French colonists and Indigenous peoples understood each other well. Understanding, in turn, bred both genuine personal bonds and violent antagonisms. As Carayon demonstrates, nonverbal communication shaped Indigenous responses and resistance to colonial pressures across the Americas just as it fueled the imperial French imagination. Challenging the notion of colonial America as a site of misunderstandings and insurmountable cultural clashes, Carayon shows that Natives and newcomers used nonverbal means to build relationships before the rise of linguistic fluency--and, crucially, well afterward.

Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080547842
Total Pages : 26924 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-24 with total page 26924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of ELL (1993, Ron Asher, Editor) was hailed as "the field's standard reference work for a generation". Now the all-new second edition matches ELL's comprehensiveness and high quality, expanded for a new generation, while being the first encyclopedia to really exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics. * The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field * An entirely new work, with new editors, new authors, new topics and newly commissioned articles with a handful of classic articles * The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics through the online edition * Ground-breaking and International in scope and approach * Alphabetically arranged with extensive cross-referencing * Available in print and online, priced separately. The online version will include updates as subjects develop ELL2 includes: * c. 7,500,000 words * c. 11,000 pages * c. 3,000 articles * c. 1,500 figures: 130 halftones and 150 colour * Supplementary audio, video and text files online * c. 3,500 glossary definitions * c. 39,000 references * Extensive list of commonly used abbreviations * List of languages of the world (including information on no. of speakers, language family, etc.) * Approximately 700 biographical entries (now includes contemporary linguists) * 200 language maps in print and online Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics Ground-breaking in scope - wider than any predecessor An invaluable resource for researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of: linguistics, anthropology, education, psychology, language acquisition, language pathology, cognitive science, sociology, the law, the media, medicine & computer science. The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field

Language Et Ses Contexts

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Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9783034301282
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Language Et Ses Contexts by : Pierre-Alexis Mével

Download or read book Language Et Ses Contexts written by Pierre-Alexis Mével and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2010 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspired by a postgraduate French studies conference (University of Nottingham, 10 September 2008), this volume explores linguistic form and content in relation to a variety of contexts, considering language alongside music, images, theatre, human experience of the world, and another language. Each essay asks what it is to understand language in a given context, and how, in spite of divergent expressive possibilities, a linguistic situation interacts with other contexts, renegotiating boundaries and redefining understanding. The book lies at the intersection of linguistics and hermeneutics, seeking to (a) contextualise philosophical and linguistic discussions of communication across a range of media and (b) illustrate their intimate relations, despite differing strategies or emphases. Puisant son inspiration dans un colloque de French studies pour doctorants (Université de Nottingham, 10 septembre 2008), cet ouvrage étudie forme et contenu linguistiques en relation avec différents contextes, considérant le langage conjointement avec la musique, les images, le théâtre, l'expérience du monde et un autre langage. Chaque chapitre dissèque la compréhension du langage dans un contexte donné, et se demande comment, en dépit de possibilités expressives divergentes, une situation linguistique interagit avec d'autres contextes, redessinant leurs frontières et redéfinissant la compréhension. Ce livre, situé à l'intersection entre la linguistique et l'herméneutique, a pour but de (a) contextualiser les discussions philosophiques et linguistiques sur la communication dans une gamme de médias et (b) démontrer leur relation intime, malgré des stratégies ou intentions différentes.

British Identities before Nationalism

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139425722
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis British Identities before Nationalism by : Colin Kidd

Download or read book British Identities before Nationalism written by Colin Kidd and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-03-13 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspired by debates among political scientists over the strength and depth of the pre-modern roots of nationalism, this study attempts to gauge the status of ethnic identities in an era whose dominant loyalties and modes of political argument were confessional, institutional and juridical. Colin Kidd's point of departure is the widely shared orthodox belief that the whole world had been peopled by the offspring of Noah. In addition, Kidd probes inconsistencies in national myths of origin and ancient constitutional claims, and considers points of contact which existed in the early modern era between ethnic identities which are now viewed as antithetical, including those of Celts and Saxons. He also argues that Gothicism qualified the notorious Francophobia of eighteenth-century Britons. A wide-ranging example of the new British history, this study draws upon evidence from England, Scotland, Ireland and America, while remaining alert to European comparisons and influences.

Language and Enlightenment

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191086584
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Enlightenment by : Avi Lifschitz

Download or read book Language and Enlightenment written by Avi Lifschitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the role of language in human cognition? Could we attain self-consciousness and construct our civilization without language? Such were the questions at the basis of eighteenth-century debates on the joint evolution of language, mind, and culture. Language and Enlightenment highlights the importance of language in the social theory, epistemology, and aesthetics of the Enlightenment. While focusing on the Berlin Academy under Frederick the Great, Avi Lifschitz situates the Berlin debates within a larger temporal and geographical framework. He argues that awareness of the historicity and linguistic rootedness of all forms of life was a mainstream Enlightenment notion rather than a feature of the so-called 'Counter-Enlightenment'. Enlightenment authors of different persuasions investigated whether speechless human beings could have developed their language and society on their own. Such inquiries usually pondered the difficult shift from natural signs like cries and gestures to the artificial, articulate words of human language. This transition from nature to artifice was mirrored in other domains of inquiry, such as the origins of social relations, inequality, the arts, and the sciences. By examining a wide variety of authors - Leibniz, Wolff, Condillac, Rousseau, Michaelis, and Herder, among others - Language and Enlightenment emphasises the open and malleable character of the eighteenth-century Republic of Letters. The language debates demonstrate that German theories of culture and language were not merely a rejection of French ideas. New notions of the genius of language and its role in cognition were constructed through a complex interaction with cross-European currents, especially via the prize contests at the Berlin Academy.

The Language of Disenchantment

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199925011
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Language of Disenchantment by : Robert A. Yelle

Download or read book The Language of Disenchantment written by Robert A. Yelle and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Language of Disenchantment explores how Protestant ideas about language inspired British colonial critiques of Hindu mythological, ritual, linguistic, and legal traditions.