United States Reactions After The Raising Of The Berlin Wall

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United States' Reactions After the Raising of the Berlin Wall

Author : Patrick Buck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783656449560
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (495 download)

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Book Synopsis United States' Reactions After the Raising of the Berlin Wall by : Patrick Buck

Download or read book United States' Reactions After the Raising of the Berlin Wall written by Patrick Buck and published by . This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: USA, grade: 2, University of Wyoming (Political Science), course: Psychology of war and conflicts, language: English, abstract: The United States of America under President John F. Kennedy showed almost no military reaction after the raising of the Berlin Wall. They sent more troops together with Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson to West Berlin, but there was no intention to reopen the border. Instead the US Government tried to get into negotiations with the Soviet Union about the status of West Berlin. This decision avoided transforming the Cold War into a Hot War, but it also manifested the separation of East and West Germany and made the unification in the near future less likely. The decision helped to establish another socialist state in Europe and locked up 17 million Germans within the borders of East Germany. This paper will focus on the question why President Kennedy and his main advisers decided the way they did. Did they fear the military strength and the use of the Soviet nuclear arsenal? Or did they think they could reach better results by negotiating? Or did they just trade the eastern part of Germany against a secure status quo for West Berlin? Maybe the situation was seen more as a chance for stability than as a threat? The basic information for this research will come from the Digital National Security Archive. The original documents should show who gave information to President Kennedy and his advisers. Who were the talking heads during the decision-making process? Who had the most influence? Was it only an inner-American process or were other allies involved, too? An interesting question is, if there is a change between the evaluation of the situation before and after the raising of the Berlin Wall. So this research will compare some documents before and after the crisis.

United States’ reactions after the raising of the Berlin Wall

Author : Patrick Buck
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656448817
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (564 download)

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Book Synopsis United States’ reactions after the raising of the Berlin Wall by : Patrick Buck

Download or read book United States’ reactions after the raising of the Berlin Wall written by Patrick Buck and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 2, University of Wyoming (Political Science), course: Psychology of war and conflicts, language: English, abstract: The United States of America under President John F. Kennedy showed almost no military reaction after the raising of the Berlin Wall. They sent more troops together with Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson to West Berlin, but there was no intention to reopen the border. Instead the US Government tried to get into negotiations with the Soviet Union about the status of West Berlin. This decision avoided transforming the Cold War into a Hot War, but it also manifested the separation of East and West Germany and made the unification in the near future less likely. The decision helped to establish another socialist state in Europe and locked up 17 million Germans within the borders of East Germany. This paper will focus on the question why President Kennedy and his main advisers decided the way they did. Did they fear the military strength and the use of the Soviet nuclear arsenal? Or did they think they could reach better results by negotiating? Or did they just trade the eastern part of Germany against a secure status quo for West Berlin? Maybe the situation was seen more as a chance for stability than as a threat? The basic information for this research will come from the Digital National Security Archive. The original documents should show who gave information to President Kennedy and his advisers. Who were the talking heads during the decision-making process? Who had the most influence? Was it only an inner-American process or were other allies involved, too? An interesting question is, if there is a change between the evaluation of the situation before and after the raising of the Berlin Wall. So this research will compare some documents before and after the crisis.

The Collapse

Author : Mary Sarotte
Publisher : Basic Books (AZ)
ISBN 13 : 0465064949
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis The Collapse by : Mary Sarotte

Download or read book The Collapse written by Mary Sarotte and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the night of November 9, 1989, massive crowds surged toward the Berlin Wall, drawn by an announcement that caught the world by surprise: East Germans could now move freely to the West. The Wall—infamous symbol of divided Cold War Europe—seemed to be falling. But the opening of the gates that night was not planned by the East German ruling regime—nor was it the result of a bargain between either Ronald Reagan or George H.W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. It was an accident. In The Collapse, prize-winning historian Mary Elise Sarotte reveals how a perfect storm of decisions made by daring underground revolutionaries, disgruntled Stasi officers, and dictatorial party bosses sparked an unexpected series of events culminating in the chaotic fall of the Wall. With a novelist’s eye for character and detail, she brings to vivid life a story that sweeps across Budapest, Prague, Dresden, and Leipzig and up to the armed checkpoints in Berlin. We meet the revolutionaries Roland Jahn, Aram Radomski, and Siggi Schefke, risking it all to smuggle the truth across the Iron Curtain; the hapless Politburo member Günter Schabowski, mistakenly suggesting that the Wall is open to a press conference full of foreign journalists, including NBC’s Tom Brokaw; and Stasi officer Harald Jäger, holding the fort at the crucial border crossing that night. Soon, Brokaw starts broadcasting live from Berlin’s Brandenburg Gate, where the crowds are exulting in the euphoria of newfound freedom—and the dictators are plotting to restore control. Drawing on new archival sources and dozens of interviews, The Collapse offers the definitive account of the night that brought down the Berlin Wall.

Driving the Soviets up the Wall

Author : Hope M. Harrison
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400840724
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Driving the Soviets up the Wall by : Hope M. Harrison

Download or read book Driving the Soviets up the Wall written by Hope M. Harrison and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Berlin Wall was the symbol of the Cold War. For the first time, this path-breaking book tells the behind-the-scenes story of the communists' decision to build the Wall in 1961. Hope Harrison's use of archival sources from the former East German and Soviet regimes is unrivalled, and from these sources she builds a highly original and provocative argument: the East Germans pushed the reluctant Soviets into building the Berlin Wall. This fascinating work portrays the different approaches favored by the East Germans and the Soviets to stop the exodus of refugees to West Germany. In the wake of Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviets refused the East German request to close their border to West Berlin. The Kremlin rulers told the hard-line East German leaders to solve their refugee problem not by closing the border, but by alleviating their domestic and foreign problems. The book describes how, over the next seven years, the East German regime managed to resist Soviet pressures for liberalization and instead pressured the Soviets into allowing them to build the Berlin Wall. Driving the Soviets Up the Wall forces us to view this critical juncture in the Cold War in a different light. Harrison's work makes us rethink the nature of relations between countries of the Soviet bloc even at the height of the Cold War, while also contributing to ongoing debates over the capacity of weaker states to influence their stronger allies.

Checkpoint Charlie

Author : Iain MacGregor
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1982100052
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis Checkpoint Charlie by : Iain MacGregor

Download or read book Checkpoint Charlie written by Iain MacGregor and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A “constantly captivating…well-researched and often moving” (The Wall Street Journal) history of Checkpoint Charlie, the famous military gate on the border of East and West Berlin where the United States confronted the USSR during the Cold War. In the early 1960s, East Germany committed a billion dollars to the creation of the Berlin Wall, an eleven-foot-high barrier that consisted of seventy-nine miles of fencing, 300 watchtowers, 250 guard dog runs, twenty bunkers, and was operated around the clock by guards who shot to kill. Over the next twenty-eight years, at least five thousand people attempt to smash through it, swim across it, tunnel under it, or fly over it. In 1989, the East German leadership buckled in the face of a civil revolt that culminated in half a million East Berliners demanding an end to the ban on free movement. The world’s media flocked to capture the moment which, perhaps more than any other, signaled the end of the Cold War. Checkpoint Charlie had been the epicenter of global conflict for nearly three decades. Now, “in capturing the essence of the old Cold War [MacGregor] may just have helped us to understand a bit more about the new one” (The Times, London)—the mistrust, oppression, paranoia, and fear that gripped the world throughout this period. Checkpoint Charlie is about the nerve-wracking confrontation between the West and USSR, highlighting such important global figures as Eisenhower, Stalin, JFK, Nikita Khrushchev, Mao Zedung, Nixon, Reagan, and other politicians of the period. He also includes never-before-heard interviews with the men who built and dismantled the Wall; children who crossed it; relatives and friends who lost loved ones trying to escape over it; military policemen and soldiers who guarded the checkpoints; CIA, MI6, and Stasi operatives who oversaw operations across its borders; politicians whose ambitions shaped it; journalists who recorded its story; and many more whose living memories contributed to the full story of Checkpoint Charlie.

After the Berlin Wall

Author : Hope M. Harrison
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107049318
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis After the Berlin Wall by : Hope M. Harrison

Download or read book After the Berlin Wall written by Hope M. Harrison and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revelatory history of the commemoration of the Berlin Wall and its significance in defining contemporary German national identity.

The Marshall Plan

Author : Benn Steil
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1501102397
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Marshall Plan by : Benn Steil

Download or read book The Marshall Plan written by Benn Steil and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-02-13 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2018 American Academy of Diplomacy Douglas Dillon Award Shortlisted for the 2018 Duff Cooper Prize in Literary Nonfiction “[A] brilliant book…by far the best study yet” (Paul Kennedy, The Wall Street Journal) of the gripping history behind the Marshall Plan and its long-lasting influence on our world. In the wake of World War II, with Britain’s empire collapsing and Stalin’s on the rise, US officials under new Secretary of State George C. Marshall set out to reconstruct western Europe as a bulwark against communist authoritarianism. Their massive, costly, and ambitious undertaking would confront Europeans and Americans alike with a vision at odds with their history and self-conceptions. In the process, they would drive the creation of NATO, the European Union, and a Western identity that continue to shape world events. Benn Steil’s “thoroughly researched and well-written account” (USA TODAY) tells the story behind the birth of the Cold War, told with verve, insight, and resonance for today. Focusing on the critical years 1947 to 1949, Benn Steil’s gripping narrative takes us through the seminal episodes marking the collapse of postwar US-Soviet relations—the Prague coup, the Berlin blockade, and the division of Germany. In each case, Stalin’s determination to crush the Marshall Plan and undermine American power in Europe is vividly portrayed. Bringing to bear fascinating new material from American, Russian, German, and other European archives, Steil’s account will forever change how we see the Marshall Plan. “Trenchant and timely…an ambitious, deeply researched narrative that…provides a fresh perspective on the coming Cold War” (The New York Times Book Review), The Marshall Plan is a polished and masterly work of historical narrative. An instant classic of Cold War literature, it “is a gripping, complex, and critically important story that is told with clarity and precision” (The Christian Science Monitor).

Tunnel 29

Author : Helena Merriman
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1541788826
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (417 download)

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Book Synopsis Tunnel 29 by : Helena Merriman

Download or read book Tunnel 29 written by Helena Merriman and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He escaped from one of the world’s most brutal regimes.Then, he decided to tunnel back in. In the summer of 1962, a young student named Joachim Rudolph dug a tunnel under the Berlin Wall. Waiting on the other side in East Berlin were dozens of men, women, and children—all willing to risk everything to escape. From the award-winning creator of the acclaimed BBC Radio 4 podcast, Tunnel 29 is the true story of this most remarkable Cold War rescue mission. Drawing on interviews with the survivors and Stasi files, Helena Merriman brilliantly reveals the stranger-than-fiction story of the ingenious group of student-diggers, the glamorous red-haired messenger, the Stasi spy who threatened the whole enterprise, and the love story that became its surprising epilogue. Tunnel 29 was also the first made-for-TV event of its kind; it was funded by NBC, who wanted to film an escape in real time. Their documentary—which was nearly blocked from airing by the Kennedy administration, which wanted to control the media during the Cold War—revolutionized TV journalism. Ultimately, Tunnel 29 is a success story about freedom: the valiant citizens risking everything to win it back, and the larger world rooting for them to triumph.

Tear Down this Wall

Author : Ronald Reagan
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 9780826416957
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (169 download)

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Book Synopsis Tear Down this Wall by : Ronald Reagan

Download or read book Tear Down this Wall written by Ronald Reagan and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a unique and substantive tribute to Ronald Reagan, one of the most important figures in U.S. and world history. It includes Reagan’s most trenchant speeches as President (Evil Empire, Tear down this Wall, remarks commemorating the fortieth anniversary of the Normandy Invasion, his farewell to the nation on leaving the Presidency); essential speeches delivered before holding the Office of President (Rendezvous with Destiny); all-but-impossible-to-find policy articles written by Reagan for National Review; and words of praise – old as well as new following Reagan’s death – from William F. Buckley Jr., Margaret Thatcher, Robert Bork, Paul Johnson, Edwin Meese III, Tom Wolfe, and others.

Masterpieces of History

Author : Svetlana Savranskaya
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 6155211884
Total Pages : 783 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis Masterpieces of History by : Svetlana Savranskaya

Download or read book Masterpieces of History written by Svetlana Savranskaya and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty years in the making, this collection presents 122 top-level Soviet, European and American records on the superpowers' role in the annus mirabilis of 1989. Consisting of Politburo minutes; diary entries from Gorbachev's senior aide, Anatoly Chernyaev; meeting notes and private communications of Gorbachev with George H.W. Bush, Margaret Thatcher, Helmut Kohl and François Mitterrand; and high-level CIA analyses, this volume offers a rare insider's look at the historic, world-transforming events that culminated in the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War. Most of these records have never been published before.

Reagan and Gorbachev

Author : Jack Matlock
Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
ISBN 13 : 0812974891
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Reagan and Gorbachev by : Jack Matlock

Download or read book Reagan and Gorbachev written by Jack Matlock and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2005-11-08 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “[Matlock’s] account of Reagan’s achievement as the nation’s diplomat in chief is a public service.”—The New York Times Book Review “Engrossing . . . authoritative . . . a detailed and reliable narrative that future historians will be able to draw on to illuminate one of the most dramatic periods in modern history.”—Los Angeles Times Book Review In Reagan and Gorbachev, Jack F. Matlock, Jr., a former U.S. ambassador to the U.S.S.R. and principal adviser to Ronald Reagan on Soviet and European affairs, gives an eyewitness account of how the Cold War ended. Working from his own papers, recent interviews with major figures, and unparalleled access to the best and latest sources, Matlock offers an insider’s perspective on a diplomatic campaign far more sophisticated than previously thought, waged by two leaders of surpassing vision. Matlock details how Reagan privately pursued improved U.S.-U.S.S.R. relations even while engaging in public saber rattling. When Gorbachev assumed leadership, however, Reagan and his advisers found a willing partner in peace. Matlock shows how both leaders took risks that yielded great rewards and offers unprecedented insight into the often cordial working relationship between Reagan and Gorbachev. Both epic and intimate, Reagan and Gorbachev will be the standard reference on the end of the Cold War, a work that is critical to our understanding of the present and the past.

The Cold War: a Very Short Introduction

Author : Robert J. McMahon
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198859546
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cold War: a Very Short Introduction by : Robert J. McMahon

Download or read book The Cold War: a Very Short Introduction written by Robert J. McMahon and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vividly written and based on up-to-date scholarship, this title provides an interpretive overview of the international history of the Cold War.

Americanization and Anti-Americanism

Author : Alexander Stephan
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 9781571816733
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis Americanization and Anti-Americanism by : Alexander Stephan

Download or read book Americanization and Anti-Americanism written by Alexander Stephan and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ongoing discussions about globalization, American hegemony and September 11 and its aftermath have moved the debate about the export of American culture and cultural anti-Americanism to center stage of world politics. At such a time, it is crucial to understand the process of culture transfer and its effects on local societies and their attitudes toward the United States. This volume presents Germany as a case study of the impact of American culture throughout a period characterized by a totalitarian system, two unusually destructive wars, massive ethnic cleansing, and economic disaster. Drawing on examples from history, culture studies, film, radio, and the arts, the authors explore the political and cultural parameters of Americanization and anti-Americanism, as reflected in the reception and rejection of American popular culture and, more generally, in European-American relations in the "American Century." Alexander Stephan is Professor of German, Ohio Eminent Scholar, and Senior Fellow of the Mershon Center for the Study of International Security and Public Policy at Ohio State University, where he directs a project on American culture and anti-Americanism in Europe and the world.

A City Torn Apart: Building of the Berlin Wall

Author : Central Intelligence Agency
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781090420572
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (25 download)

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Book Synopsis A City Torn Apart: Building of the Berlin Wall by : Central Intelligence Agency

Download or read book A City Torn Apart: Building of the Berlin Wall written by Central Intelligence Agency and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Built in 1791, standing 85 feet high, 215 feet long and 36 feet wide, this former city gate is one of the most iconic symbols of Berlin and Germany. Throughout its existence it has served as a visual representation of various political ideologies, ranging from Prussia's imperialism to East Germany's communism. It was closed by the East Germans on 14 August 1961 in a response to West Berliners' demonstration against the building of the wall dividing their city into East and West. It remained closed until 22 December 1989. Its design is based upon the gate way to the Propylaea, the entry into the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. It has 12 Doric columns, six to a side, forming five passageways. The central archway is crowned by the Quadriga, a statue consisting of a four horse chariot driven by Victoria, the Roman goddess of victory. After Napoleon's defeat, the Quadriga was returned to Berlin and the wreath of oak leaves on Victoria was replaced with the new symbol of Prussia, the Iron Cross.

Germany Unified and Europe Transformed

Author : Philip Zelikow
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780674353251
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (532 download)

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Book Synopsis Germany Unified and Europe Transformed by : Philip Zelikow

Download or read book Germany Unified and Europe Transformed written by Philip Zelikow and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides an analysis of the moves and manoeuvres that brought an end to the Cold War division of Europe. Coverage includes discussion of the opening of the Berlin Wall and a study of the relationship between West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and reform Communist leader, Hans Modrow.

The City Becomes a Symbol

Author : William Stivers
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9780160939730
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (397 download)

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Book Synopsis The City Becomes a Symbol by : William Stivers

Download or read book The City Becomes a Symbol written by William Stivers and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book covers the U.S. Army's occupation of Berlin from 1945 to 1949. This time includes the end of WWII up to the end of the Berlin Airlift. Talks about the set up of occupation by four-power rule."--Provided by publisher

Mercury Rising: John Glenn, John Kennedy, and the New Battleground of the Cold War

Author : Jeff Shesol
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 1324003251
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Mercury Rising: John Glenn, John Kennedy, and the New Battleground of the Cold War by : Jeff Shesol

Download or read book Mercury Rising: John Glenn, John Kennedy, and the New Battleground of the Cold War written by Jeff Shesol and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A riveting history of the epic orbital flight that put America back into the space race. If the United States couldn’t catch up to the Soviets in space, how could it compete with them on Earth? That was the question facing John F. Kennedy at the height of the Cold War—a perilous time when the Soviet Union built the wall in Berlin, tested nuclear bombs more destructive than any in history, and beat the United States to every major milestone in space. The race to the heavens seemed a race for survival—and America was losing. On February 20, 1962, when John Glenn blasted into orbit aboard Friendship 7, his mission was not only to circle the planet; it was to calm the fears of the free world and renew America’s sense of self-belief. Mercury Rising re-creates the tension and excitement of a flight that shifted the momentum of the space race and put the United States on the path to the moon. Drawing on new archival sources, personal interviews, and previously unpublished notes by Glenn himself, Mercury Rising reveals how the astronaut’s heroics lifted the nation’s hopes in what Kennedy called the "hour of maximum danger."