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Understanding Drug Release And Absorption Mechanisms
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Book Synopsis Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms by : Mario Grassi
Download or read book Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms written by Mario Grassi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-26 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for better reliability from drug delivery systems has caused designers and researchers to move away from trial-and-error approaches and toward model-based methods of product development. Developing such models requires cross-disciplinary physical, mathematical, and physiological knowledge. Combining these areas under a single cover, Under
Book Synopsis Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms by :
Download or read book Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms written by and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for better reliability from drug delivery systems has caused designers and researchers to move away from trial-and-error approaches and toward model-based methods of product development. Developing such models requires cross-disciplinary physical, mathematical, and physiological knowledge. Combining these areas under a single cover, Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms builds a firm understanding ofall elements needed to conceive, build, and implement successful models of drug release. Written by experts with broad industrial and academic experience, this book discusses the underlying physical principles, shows how to build mathematical models based on these principles, and finally compares the resulting models with experimental results. The authors begin by introducing the basics of modeling, physiological details of gastrointestinal and dermal absorption pathways, rheology, mass transport and thermodynamics, dissolution and partitioning, as well as size effects on the dissolution of crystallites. From this baseline, the authors explore applications in drug release from various delivery systems, specifically matrix systems, microemulsions, and permeability through membranes. Working systematically from theory to working models, Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms: A Physical and Mathematical Approach demonstrates the steps involved in designing, building, and implementing realistic and reliable models of drug release without unrealistically simplifying the theoretical parameters.
Book Synopsis Controlled Release in Oral Drug Delivery by : Clive G. Wilson
Download or read book Controlled Release in Oral Drug Delivery written by Clive G. Wilson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlled Release in Oral Drug Delivery provides focus on specific topics, complementing other books in the initial CRS series. Each chapter sets the context for the inventions described and describe the latitude that the inventions allow. In order to provide some similar look to each chapter, the coverage includes the historical overview, candidate drugs, factors influencing design and development, formulation and manufacturing and delivery system design. This volume was written along three main sections: the relevant anatomy and physiology, a discussion on candidates for oral drug delivery and the major three groups of controlled release systems: diffusion control (swelling and inert matrices); environmental control (pH sensitive coatings, time control, enzymatic control, pressure control) and finally lipidic systems.
Book Synopsis Drug Delivery Approaches by : Bret Berner
Download or read book Drug Delivery Approaches written by Bret Berner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore this comprehensive discussion of the application of physiologically- and physicochemical-based models to guide drug delivery edited by leading experts in the field Drug Delivery Approaches: Perspectives from Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics delivers a thorough discussion of drug delivery options to achieve target profiles and approaches as defined by physical and pharmacokinetic models. The book offers an overview of drug absorption and physiological models, chapters on oral delivery routes with a focus on both PBPK and multiple dosage form options. It also provides an explanation of the pharmacokinetics of the formulation of drugs delivered by systemic transdermal routes. The distinguished editors have included practical and accessible resources that address the biological and delivery approaches to pulmonary and mucosal delivery of drugs. Emergency care settings are also described, with explorations of the relationship between parenteral infusion profiles and PK/PD. The future of drug delivery is addressed via discussions of virtual experiments to elucidate mechanisms and approaches to drug delivery and personalized medicine. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the utility of mathematical models in drug development and delivery An exploration of the techniques and applications of physiologically based models to drug delivery Discussions of oral delivery and pharmacokinetic models and oral site-directed delivery A review of integrated transdermal delivery and pharmacokinetics in development An examination of virtual experiment methods for integrating pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and drug delivery mechanisms Alternative endpoints to pharmacokinetics for topical delivery Perfect for researchers, industrial scientists, graduate students, and postdoctoral students in the area of pharmaceutical science and engineering, Drug Delivery Approaches: Perspectives from Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics will also earn a place in the libraries of formulators, pharmacokineticists, and clinical pharmacologists.
Book Synopsis Strategies to Modify the Drug Release from Pharmaceutical Systems by : Marcos Luciano Bruschi
Download or read book Strategies to Modify the Drug Release from Pharmaceutical Systems written by Marcos Luciano Bruschi and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the earliest dosage forms to modern drug delivery systems, came a great development and growth of knowledge with respect to drug delivery. Strategies to Modify the Drug Release from Pharmaceutical Systems will address principles, systems, applications and advances in the field.It will be principally a textbook and a reference source of strategies to modify the drug release. Moreover, the characterization, mathematical and physicochemical models, applications and the systems will be discussed. Addresses the principles, systems, applications and advances in the field of drug delivery Highlights the mathematical and physicochemical principles related to strategies Discusses drug release and its possible modifications
Book Synopsis Oral Drug Absorption by : Jennifer B. Dressman
Download or read book Oral Drug Absorption written by Jennifer B. Dressman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oral Drug Absorption, Second Edition thoroughly examines the special equipment and methods used to test whether drugs are released adequately when administered orally. The contributors discuss methods for accurately establishing and validating in vitro/in vivo correlations for both MR and IR formulations, as well as alternative approaches for MR an
Book Synopsis Percutaneous Absorption : Mechanisms - Methodology - Drug Delivery , Grew out of the Percutaneous Absorption Symposium, Washington, DC, April 27 1983 by : Bronaugh RL Ed
Download or read book Percutaneous Absorption : Mechanisms - Methodology - Drug Delivery , Grew out of the Percutaneous Absorption Symposium, Washington, DC, April 27 1983 written by Bronaugh RL Ed and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drug Delivery and Targeting by : Anya M. Hillery
Download or read book Drug Delivery and Targeting written by Anya M. Hillery and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in biotechnology and molecular biology over recent years have resulted in a large number of novel molecules with the potential to revolutionize the treatment and prevention of disease. However, such potential is severely compromised by significant obstacles to delivery of these drugs in vivo. These obstacles are often so great that effective drug delivery and targeting is now recognized as the key to effective development of many therapeutics. Advanced drug delivery and targeting can offer significant advantages to conventional drugs, such as increased efficiency, convenience, and the potential for line extensions and market expansion. An accessible and easy-to-read textbook, Drug Delivery and Targeting for Pharmacists and Pharmaceutical Scientists is the first book to provide a comprehensive introduction to the principles of advanced drug delivery and targeting, their current applications and potential future developments, including: *Methods to optimize therapeutic efficacy, and the related commercial implications *Difficulties with drug absorption, unwanted distribution and premature inactivation / elimination *Attempts to minimize toxicity or alter immunogenicity *Methods to achieve rate-controlled drug release and effective drug targeting *Novel and established routes of delivery *Use of new generation technologies such as biosensors, microchips, stimuli-sensitive hydrogels and plasmid-based gene therapy This volume is indispensable for pharmaceutical students, scientists and researchers.
Book Synopsis Percutaneous Absorption by : Robert L. Bronaugh
Download or read book Percutaneous Absorption written by Robert L. Bronaugh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-05-28 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since publication of the Second Edition in 1989, numerous innovations have occurred that affect the way scientists look at issues in the field of percutaneous absorption. Focusing on recent advances as well as updating and expanding the scope of topics covered in the previous edition, Percutaneous Absorption, Third Edition provides thorough coverage of the skin's role as an important portal of entry for chemicals into the body. Assembles the work of nearly 80 experts-30 more than the Second Edition-into a unified, comprehensive volume that contains the latest ideas and research! Complete with nearly 600 drawings, photographs, equations, and tables and more than 1600 bibliographic citations of pertinent literature, Percutaneous Absorption, Third Edition details the applied biology of percutaneous penetration factors that affect skin permeation, such as age, vehicles, metabolism, hydration of skin, and chemical structure in vivo and in vitro techniques for measuring absorption, examining factors influencing methodology such as animal models, volatility of test compound, multiple dosage, and artificial membranes procedures for use in transdermal delivery, exploring topics such as effects of penetration enhancers on absorption, optimizing absorption, and the topical delivery of drugs to muscle tissue And presents new chapters on mathematical models cutaneous metabolism prediction of percutaneous absorption in vitro absorption methodology dermal decontamination concentration of chemicals in skin transdermal drug delivery mechanisms of absorption safety evaluation of cosmetics absorption of drugs and cosmetic ingredients nail penetration Emphasizes human applications-particularly useful for pharmacists, pharmacologists, dermatologists, cosmetic scientists, biochemists, toxicologists, public health officials, manufacturers of cosmetic and toiletry products, and graduate students in these disciplines! An invaluable reference source for readers who need to keep up with the latest developments in the field, Percutaneous Absorption, Third Edition is also an excellent experimental guide for laboratory personnel.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology by : Gerard Marshall Raj
Download or read book Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology written by Gerard Marshall Raj and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-16 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates, in a comprehensive manner, the most crucial principles involved in pharmacology and allied sciences. The title begins by discussing the historical aspects of drug discovery, with up to date knowledge on Nobel Laureates in pharmacology and their significant discoveries. It then examines the general pharmacological principles - pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, with in-depth information on drug transporters and interactions. In the remaining chapters, the book covers a definitive collection of topics containing essential information on the basic principles of pharmacology and how they are employed for the treatment of diseases. Readers will learn about special topics in pharmacology that are hard to find elsewhere, including issues related to environmental toxicology and the latest information on drug poisoning and treatment, analytical toxicology, toxicovigilance, and the use of molecular biology techniques in pharmacology. The book offers a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of pharmacology and toxicology, as well as students pursuing a degree in or with an interest in pharmacology.
Book Synopsis Percutaneous Absorption : Mechanisms - Methodology - Drug Delivery , Revised and Expanded by : Bronaugh RL Ed
Download or read book Percutaneous Absorption : Mechanisms - Methodology - Drug Delivery , Revised and Expanded written by Bronaugh RL Ed and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microscopic structure of the epidermis and its derivatives; Mathematical models of percutaneous absorption; Mechanism of percutaneous absorption from physicochemical evidence; Cutaneous metabolism of xenobiotics; Occlusion does not uniformly enhance penetration in vivo; Structure activity correlations in percutaneous absorption; Regional variation in percutaneous absorption; Cutaneous permeation of lipophilic molecules, effects of enhancers; Studies on the permeability of infant skin; Interaction of vehicles with model skin membranes in the permeation process; In vivo relationship between percutaneous absorption and transepidermal water loss; Skin contamination and absorption of chemicals from drinking water while bathing or swimming; Classification of percutaneous penetration enhancers, a conceptional diagram; In vivo methods for percutaneous absorption measurements; In vivo animal models for percutaneous absorption; Determination of percutaneous absorption by in vitro techniques; The influence of metabolism on percutaneous absorption; Localization of compounds in different skin layers and its use as an indicator of percutaneous absorption; Evaporation and penetration from skin; Dermal decontamination and percutaneous absorption; Interrelationships in the dose response of percutaneous absorption; Blood flow as a technology in percutaneous absorption, the assessment of the cutaneous microcirculation by laser doppler and photoplethysmographic techniques; Calculations of body exposure from percutaneous absorption data; Human skin sandwich flap model for percutaneous absorption; Stripping method for measuring percutaneous absorption in vivo; Noninvasive radioisotope counting on skin, surface or external counting; The human skin blanching assay as an indicator of topical corticosteroid bioavailability and potency, an update; Skin absorption from patch test systems, relevance to allergic contact dermatitis and transdermal delivery systems; In vitro systems for the assessment of drug release from topical formulations and transmembrane permeation; Percutaneous penetration as a method of delivery to muscle and other tissue; Optimizing percutaneous absorption; Facilitated percutaneous absorption of charged drugs; Action of penetration enhancers on human stratum corneum as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry; Ultrasound as a transdermal enhancer; Iontophoretic Drug Delivery, Effects of physicochemical factors on the skin uptake of drugs; In vivo percutaneous absorption, effect of repeated application versus single dose; In vitro testing of topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Book Synopsis Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine by : Robert C. Bast, Jr.
Download or read book Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Book Synopsis Amorphous Solid Dispersions by : Navnit Shah
Download or read book Amorphous Solid Dispersions written by Navnit Shah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a comprehensive guide on the theory and practice of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) for handling challenges associated with poorly soluble drugs. In twenty-three inclusive chapters, the book examines thermodynamics and kinetics of the amorphous state and amorphous solid dispersions, ASD technologies, excipients for stabilizing amorphous solid dispersions such as polymers, and ASD manufacturing technologies, including spray drying, hot melt extrusion, fluid bed layering and solvent-controlled micro-precipitation technology (MBP). Each technology is illustrated by specific case studies. In addition, dedicated sections cover analytical tools and technologies for characterization of amorphous solid dispersions, the prediction of long-term stability, and the development of suitable dissolution methods and regulatory aspects. The book also highlights future technologies on the horizon, such as supercritical fluid processing, mesoporous silica, KinetiSol®, and the use of non-salt-forming organic acids and amino acids for the stabilization of amorphous systems. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Theory and Practice is a valuable reference to pharmaceutical scientists interested in developing bioavailable and therapeutically effective formulations of poorly soluble molecules in order to advance these technologies and develop better medicines for the future.
Book Synopsis Theoretical Prediction of Drug Release in GI Tract from Spherical Matrix Systems by : Naga Lakshmi Ramana Susarla
Download or read book Theoretical Prediction of Drug Release in GI Tract from Spherical Matrix Systems written by Naga Lakshmi Ramana Susarla and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significance of controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS) lies in their ability to deliver the drug at a steady rate thus reducing the dosage interval and providing a prolonged pharmacodynamic effect. But despite the steadily increasing practical importance of these devices, little is known regarding their underlying drug release mechanisms. Mathematical modeling of these drug delivery systems could help us understand the underlying mass transport mechanisms involved in the control of drug release. Mathematical modeling also plays an important role in providing us with valuable information such as the amount of drug released during a certain period of time and when the next dosage needs to be administered. Thus, potentially reducing the number of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments which in some cases are infeasible. There is a large spectrum of published mathematical models for predicting drug release from CRDDS in vitro following conventional approaches. These models describe drug release from various types of controlled delivery devices for perfect sink conditions. However in a real system (human body) a sink condition may not be applicable. For a CRDDS along with the physiochemical properties (solubility, diffusion, particle size, crystal form etc.) the physiological factors such as gastrointestinal tract (GI) pH, stomach emptying, (GI) motility, presence of food, elimination kinetics etc., also affect the rate of drug release. As the drug delivery system is expected to stay in the human body for a longer period of time when compared to a immediate release dosage form the process of drug release occurs in conjunction with the absorption (for oral delivery systems) and elimination kinetics. Earlier work by Ouruemchi et.al.[71] include prediction of the plasma drug concentration for an oral diffusion controlled drug delivery system. Amidon et.al.[68] developed several models for predicting the amount of drug absorbed within through the intestine walls for immediate release dosage forms. However none of these models study the effect of absorption rate on the rate of drug release for an oral controlled drug delivery system. In this work mathematical models are developed for prediction of drug release from both diffusion controlled and dissolution controlled drug delivery systems taking into account the affect of absorption rate. Spherical geometry of the particles is considered. The model is developed by assuming that the drug is release into a finite volume and is thereby absorbed through the intestine wall following first order kinetics. A closed form solution is obtained for the prediction of fraction of drug released for a diffusion controlled drug delivery system. The results are compared with both experimental data (taken from literature) as well as existing models in the literature. Whereas for a dissolution-diffusion controlled drug delivery system non linear dissolution kinetics are taken into consideration and the problem is solved by both numerical and analytical techniques. In addition two simple models are also presented for dissolution controlled drug delivery devices.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Determinants of Drug Absorption Following Oral Administration of Lipid-based Drug Delivery Systems by : Mette Uhre Anby
Download or read book Understanding the Determinants of Drug Absorption Following Oral Administration of Lipid-based Drug Delivery Systems written by Mette Uhre Anby and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current project has explored the determinants of drug absorption following oral administration of lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) and the role of intestinal digestive processes on formulation performance. Particular focus has been directed to the role of formulation excipients and drug loading on the generation and maintenance of drug supersaturation during LBDDS processing and the subsequent impact on drug bioavailability. The data show that initiation of digestion by pancreatic enzymes functions as an effective supersaturation trigger and that addition of polymeric precipitation inhibitors (PPI) may be utilised to stabilise supersaturation for longer periods and therefore to enhance absorption. Formulation performance was highly correlated with the maximum degree of supersaturation that the formulation generated on dispersion and digestion. In vitro, increasing drug dose initially increased drug thermodynamic activity in the aqueous colloidal phases formed by formulation digestion. Above a critical drug loading, however, supersaturation 'pressure' increased to a point above which nucleation and crystal growth dominated, resulting in drug precipitation. The utilisation of lower drug loads, higher surfactant levels, reduced cosolvent and the addition of PPI all enhanced formulation performance in vitro (i.e. supported ongoing solubilisation), however, subsequent studies showed that only in some cases was the addition of PPI able to support enhanced absorption in vivo. Consistent with the potential for increases in thermodynamic activity with increase in drug dose, non-linear increases in bioavailability were evident after administration of a series of LBDDS containing increasing quantities of drug to beagle dogs. In further alignment with the in vitro data, non-linear increases in bioavailability were also only evident up to a critical point, beyond which further increases in drug dose resulted in a reduction in bioavailability. The initial in vivo studies were therefore highly consistent with the in vitro supersaturation data. Replication of the in vivo study in a younger cohort of animals, however, was not able to reproduce the same trends and linear increases in exposure with dose were apparent in this animal cohort. Further studies failed to show a significant difference in hepatic function across the two cohorts, and instead suggested that age-related changes in GI solubilisation, potentially through increased bile salt secretion in the older cohort, may have led to better stabilisation of supersaturation and therefore increases in danazol absorption. Increases in the quantity of drug absorbed at higher doses in the older cohort may have also magnified differences in exposure due to greater saturation of first pass metabolism. The latter data led to a more detailed evaluation of the role of drug dose on the bioavailability of danazol from LBDDS. These studies were conducted in rats to allow more direct exploration of the role of first pass metabolism, and gastric and intestinal processing on danazol bioavailability. Surprisingly, danazol exposure in the rat following oral administration of danazol formulated in similar LBDDS as those used in the dog studies was low ( 12%), and incorporation of PPI had limited effect. In contrast, co-administration of an inhibitor of CYP450 enzymes resulted in a large increase in bioavailability suggesting that the major limitation to oral bioavailability was first pass metabolism. The applicability of previous in vitro models of lipid digestion to events in the rat was also examined, and a number of modifications to the model suggested. The data obtained indicate that in the rat, lipid digestion may be less efficient than it is in the dog (or human), and therefore that digestion-mediated reductions in solubilisation capacity are less important, that danazol absorption from LBDDS formulations is high ( 50%) and that the principle limitation to danazol bioavailability in the rat is first pass metabolism. In summary, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which LBDDS promote drug solubilisation and absorption and specifically to the influence of drug dose, animal model and the inclusion of polymeric precipitation inhibitors (PPI) on supersaturation generation and stabilisation.
Book Synopsis Drug Transporters by : Martin F. Fromm
Download or read book Drug Transporters written by Martin F. Fromm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-19 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is increasingly recognized that various transporter proteins are expressed throughout the body and determine absorption, tissue distribution, biliary and renal elimination of endogenous compounds and drugs and drug effects. This book will give an overview on the transporter families which are most important for drug therapy. Most chapters will focus on one transporter family highlighting tissue expression, substrates, inhibitors, knock-out mouse models and clinical studies.
Book Synopsis Controlled Pulmonary Drug Delivery by : Hugh D.C. Smyth
Download or read book Controlled Pulmonary Drug Delivery written by Hugh D.C. Smyth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pace of new research and level of innovation repeatedly introduced into the field of drug delivery to the lung is surprising given its state of maturity since the introduction of the pressurized metered dose inhaler over a half a century ago. It is clear that our understanding of pulmonary drug delivery has now evolved to the point that inhalation aerosols can be controlled both spatially and temporally to optimize their biological effects. These abilities include controlling lung deposition, by adopting formulation strategies or device technologies, and controlling drug uptake and release through sophisticated particle technologies. The large number of contributions to the scientific literature and variety of excellent texts published in recent years is evidence for the continued interest in pulmonary drug delivery research. This reference text endeavors to bring together the fundamental theory and practice of controlled drug delivery to the airways that is unavailable elsewhere. Collating and synthesizing the material in this rapidly evolving field presented a challenge and ultimately a sense of achievement that is hopefully reflected in the content of the volume.
