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Understanding And Characterizing The Genes Associated With Rpg1 Mediated Resistance Pathway Against Stem Rust
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Book Synopsis Understanding and Characterizing the Genes Associated with RPG1-mediated Resistance Pathway Against Stem Rust by : Upinder Singh Gill
Download or read book Understanding and Characterizing the Genes Associated with RPG1-mediated Resistance Pathway Against Stem Rust written by Upinder Singh Gill and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barley stem rust resistance gene, Rpg1 (Reaction to Puccinia graminis 1), confers durable resistance to barley cultivars against stem rust caused by many races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. The current study was focused on understanding and characterizing the genes associated with Rpg1 in barley. HvRIN4 (a barley homolog of RPM1 interacting protein in Arabidopsis), which interacts with RPG1 in an yeast two-hybrid system, was isolated, characterized and studied for its role in barley. Using gamma-ray mutagenesis, six mutants affecting the Rpg1-mediated resistance against stem rust were identified. All mutants retained a functional Rpg1 gene and were non-allelic, suggesting that the mutated genes were required for downstream or upstream signaling. Low and high-resolution genetic mapping of the mutant gamma 08--118 gene identified a 0.6 cM region of chromosome 6H of barley for its location. In another study the applicability of wheat Conserved Orthologous Set (COS) markers on diverse cereal germplasm and their efficacy was investigated. Overall, this research will help in understanding the mechanism of Rpg1-mediated durable resistance against stem rust in barley.
Book Synopsis Genetic Characterization of Virulence in a Pacific Northwest Stem Rust Population and Mapping of New Sources of Resistance in Barley by : Arjun Upadhaya
Download or read book Genetic Characterization of Virulence in a Pacific Northwest Stem Rust Population and Mapping of New Sources of Resistance in Barley written by Arjun Upadhaya and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem rust caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is an important disease of barley and wheat globally. In the last decade, the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the United States has experienced an increase in the incidence and severity of stem rust disease. This may be attributed to various factors, including increase in summer temperatures, lack of effective resistance, and early inoculum from sexual hosts. The PNW region's conducive environment and the presence of the sexual hosts, Mahonia and barberry, present an opportunity for the stem rust pathogen to complete its sexual cycle, leading to the emergence of genotypes with novel virulence gene combinations. A total of 100 Pgt isolates collected from barley in eastern Washington during the 2019 growing season were tested for virulence on the two major barley stem rust resistance genes/loci, Rpg1 and the rpg4/5-mediated resistance locus (RMRL) at the seedling stage. Of these isolates, 99% were virulent on cultivar Morex containing the Rpg1 gene, 62% were virulent on Golden Promise transgenic line (H228.2c) carrying a single copy of the Rpg1 gene from Morex, 16% were virulent on the near isogenic line, HQ-1 containing RMRL, and 10% were virulent on barley line Q21861 carrying both Rpg1 and RMRL. This was the first report of Pgt isolates containing virulence on both Rpg1 and RMRL when stacked together, representing the most virulent Pgt population reported on barley worldwide. To identify and map effective resistances against the local virulent isolates, a genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on 440 accessions from the World Barley Core Collection (WBCC), genotyped with the 9K Illumina barley iSelect chip and phenotyped with two PNW Pgt isolates at the seedling stage. A total of 10 resistance loci were identified including four novel loci on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 5H, and 6H. On the pathogen side, GWAS was performed using 113 diverse Pgt isolates, collected from the PNW and the Midwest region of the US, to identify virulence and avirulence loci corresponding to the barley stem rust resistance gene Rpg1 and the six wheat stem rust R-genes, Sr5, Sr21, Sr8a, Sr17, Sr9a, and Sr9d. The genotype data for 96 isolates were generated by whole genome shotgun sequencing and for 17 isolates by RNA sequencing. The phenotype data for the Pgt isolates were collected by seedling disease assays on two barley lines, H228.2c and Morex (Rpg1+) and the six wheat stem rust differential lines, Sr5, Sr21, Sr8a, Sr17, Sr9a, and Sr9d. A total of five effector gene candidates were identified at two loci corresponding to the Rpg1 gene. Similarly, 24 putative effector genes were identified at 15 loci corresponding to the six wheat R-genes. Further characterization of these genes will be done to enhance our understanding of host pathogen interactions in both the barley-Pgt and wheat-Pgt pathosystems.
Book Synopsis Plant Pathogen Resistance Biotechnology by : David B. Collinge
Download or read book Plant Pathogen Resistance Biotechnology written by David B. Collinge and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant pathogens and diseases are among the most significant challenges to survival that plants face. Disease outbreaks caused by microbial or viral pathogens can decimate crop yields and have severe effects on global food supply. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant immune response and applying this understanding to develop biotechnological tools to enhance plant defense against pathogens has great potential for moderating the impact of plant disease outbreaks. Plant Pathogen Resistance Biotechnology’s main focus is an in depth survey of the biological strategies being used to create transgenic disease resistant plants for sustainable plant resistance Plant Pathogen Resistance Biotechnology is divided into four sections. The first section covers biological mechanisms underpinning disease resistance in plants, while the second highlights case studies of important pathogen-crop groups and then considers why the application of important pathogen-crop groups, transgenic-based strategies designed to selectively target pathogens could benefit crop production. The third section provides information on the status of transgenic crops around the world, and finally the last part explores high-tech alternatives to genetic engineering for developing disease resistant traits in plants. Edited and authored by leaders in the field, Plant Pathogen Resistance Biotechnology will be an invaluable resource to those studying or researching plant biotechnology, plant pathology, plant biology, plant and crop genetics, in addition to crop science.
Book Synopsis Management of Wheat and Barley Diseases by : Devendra Pal Singh
Download or read book Management of Wheat and Barley Diseases written by Devendra Pal Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both wheat and barley are two of the most important food and industrial crops in the world. Wheat and barley cultivation has experienced changes in practices due to factors such as methods of conservation agriculture, cropping systems, wheat varieties, changes in weather patterns, and international trade, necessitating new and different approaches for the successful management of emerging diseases and new pathotypes of pathogens. This valuable volume explores a multitude of new approaches and techniques for the effective management of emerging wheat diseases. This new volume presents the latest literature on management technology of diseases that affect the production of wheat and are capable of reducing grain yields as well as grain quality. These diseases include rusts, smuts, other foliar diseases such as blight, spots, blotch, powdery mildew, bunts, etc., as well as diseases such as Karnal bunt of wheat, which is of importance to international trade. This book will be highly valuable to researchers, students, teachers, farmers, seed growers, traders, and other stakeholders dealing with wheat and barley. It also advances our knowledge in the field of plant pathology, plant breeding, and plant biotechnology, agronomy, and grain quality and pesticide industries. The book will serve as a reference on disease management technologies for the containment of losses in wheat and barley yields and will assist in maintaining wheat quality, reducing the cost of cultivation, increasing yield, and thus in helping to ensuring food security on a global level.
Book Synopsis Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae by : Catherine Feuillet
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae written by Catherine Feuillet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing of the model plant genomes such as those of A. thaliana and rice has revolutionized our understanding of plant biology but it has yet to translate into the improvement of major crop species such as maize, wheat, or barley. Moreover, the comparative genomic studies in cereals that have been performed in the past decade have revealed the limits of conservation between rice and the other cereal genomes. This has necessitated the development of genomic resources and programs for maize, sorghum, wheat, and barley to serve as the foundation for future genome sequencing and the acceleration of genomic based improvement of these critically important crops. Cereals constitute over 50% of total crop production worldwide (http://www.fao.org/) and cereal seeds are one of the most important renewable resources for food, feed, and industrial raw materials. Crop species of the Triticeae tribe that comprise wheat, barley, and rye are essential components of human and domestic animal nutrition. With 17% of all crop area, wheat is the staple food for 40% of the world’s population, while barley ranks fifth in the world production. Their domestication in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 years ago ushered in the beginning of agriculture and signified an important breakthrough in the advancement of civilization. Rye is second after wheat among grains most commonly used in the production of bread and is also very important for mixed animal feeds. It can be cultivated in poor soils and climates that are generally not suitable for other cereals. Extensive genetics and cytogenetics studies performed in the Triticeae species over the last 50 years have led to the characterization of their chromosomal composition and origins and have supported intensive work to create new genetic resources. Cytogenetic studies in wheat have allowed the identification and characterization of the different homoeologous genomes and have demonstrated the utility of studying wheat genome evolution as a model for the analysis of polyploidization, a major force in the evolution of the eukaryotic genomes. Barley with its diploid genome shows high collinearity with the other Triticeae genomes and therefore serves as a good template for supporting genomic analyses in the wheat and rye genomes. The knowledge gained from genetic studies in the Triticeae has also been used to produce Triticale, the first human made hybrid crop that results from a cross between wheat and rye and combines the nutrition quality and productivity of wheat with the ruggedness of rye. Despite the economic importance of the Triticeae species and the need for accelerated crop improvement based on genomics studies, the size (1.7 Gb for the bread wheat genome, i.e., 5x the human genome and 40 times the rice genome), high repeat content (>80%), and complexity (polyploidy in wheat) of their genomes often have been considered too challenging for efficient molecular analysis and genetic improvement in these species. Consequently, Triticeae genomics has lagged behind the genomic advances of other cereal crops for many years. Recently, however, the situation has changed dramatically and robust genomic programs can be established in the Triticeae as a result of the convergence of several technology developments that have led to new, more efficient scientific capabilities and resources such as whole-genome and chromosome-specific BAC libraries, extensive EST collections, transformation systems, wild germplasm and mutant collections, as well as DNA chips. Currently, the Triticeae genomics "toolbox" is comprised of: - 9 publicly available BAC libraries from diploid (5), tetraploid (1) and hexaploid (3) wheat; 3 publicly available BAC libraries from barley and one BAC library from rye; - 3 wheat chromosome specific BAC libraries; - DNA chips including commercially available first generation chips from AFFYMETRIX containing 55’000 wheat and 22,000 barley genes; - A large number of wheat and barley genetic maps that are saturated by a significant number of markers; - The largest plant EST collection with 870’000 wheat ESTs, 440’000 barley ESTs and about 10’000 rye ESTs; - Established protocols for stable transformation by biolistic and agrobacterium as well as a transient expression system using VIGS in wheat and barley; and - Large collections of well characterized cultivated and wild genetic resources. International consortia, such as the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI), have advanced synergies in the Triticeae genetics community in the development of additional mapping populations and markers that have led to a dramatic improvement in the resolution of the genetic maps and the amount of molecular markers in the three species resulting in the accelerated utilization of molecular markers in selection programs. Together, with the development of the genomic resources, the isolation of the first genes of agronomic interest by map-based cloning has been enabled and has proven the feasibility of forging the link between genotype and phenotype in the Triticeae species. Moreover, the first analyses of BAC sequences from wheat and barley have allowed preliminary characterizations of their genome organization and composition as well as the first inter- and intra-specific comparative genomic studies. These later have revealed important evolutionary mechanisms (e.g. unequal crossing over, illegitimate recombination) that have shaped the wheat and barley genomes during their evolution. These breakthroughs have demonstrated the feasibility of developing efficient genomic studies in the Triticeae and have led to the recent establishment of the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) (http//:www.wheatgenome.org) and the International Barley Sequencing Consortium (www.isbc.org) that aim to sequence, respectively, the hexaploid wheat and barley genomes to accelerate gene discovery and crop improvement in the next decade. Large projects aiming at the establishment of the physical maps as well as a better characterization of their composition and organization through large scale random sequencing projects have been initiated already. Concurrently, a number of projects have been launched to develop high throughput functional genomics in wheat and barley. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses of traits of agronomic importance, such as quality, disease resistance, drought, and salt tolerance, are underway in both species. Combined with the development of physical maps, efficient gene isolation will be enabled and improved sequencing technologies and reduced sequencing costs will permit ultimately genome sequencing and access to the entire wheat and barley gene regulatory elements repertoire. Because rye is closely related to wheat and barley in Triticeae evolution, the latest developments in wheat and barley genomics will be of great use for developing rye genomics and for providing tools for rye improvement. Finally, a new model for temperate grasses has emerged in the past year with the development of the genetics and genomics (including a 8x whole genome shotgun sequencing project) of Brachypodium, a member of the Poeae family that is more closely related to the Triticeae than rice and can provide valuable information for supporting Triticeae genomics in the near future. These recent breakthroughs have yet to be reviewed in a single source of literature and current handbooks on wheat, barley, or rye are dedicated mainly to progress in genetics. In "Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae", we will aim to comprehensively review the recent progress in the development of structural and functional genomics tools in the Triticeae species and review the understanding of wheat, barley, and rye biology that has resulted from these new resources as well as to illuminate how this new found knowledge can be applied for the improvement of these essential species. The book will be the seventh volume in the ambitious series of books, Plant Genetics and Genomics (Richard A. Jorgensen, series editor) that will attempt to bring the field up-to-date on the genetics and genomics of important crop plants and genetic models. It is our hope that the publication will be a useful and timely tool for researchers and students alike working with the Triticeae.
Book Synopsis Plant Fungal Pathogens by : Melvin Dennis Bolton
Download or read book Plant Fungal Pathogens written by Melvin Dennis Bolton and published by Springer Science+Business Media. This book was released on 2012 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including reproducible laboratory protocols, this guide to fungal pathogens in plants has been written by expert researchers in the field and includes methods now used to study them, including techniques for model systems such as Arabidopsis thaliana.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems by : Neal K. Van Alfen
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems written by Neal K. Van Alfen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 2745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, Second Edition, Five Volume Set addresses important issues by examining topics of global agriculture and food systems that are key to understanding the challenges we face. Questions it addresses include: Will we be able to produce enough food to meet the increasing dietary needs and wants of the additional two billion people expected to inhabit our planet by 2050? Will we be able to meet the need for so much more food while simultaneously reducing adverse environmental effects of today’s agriculture practices? Will we be able to produce the additional food using less land and water than we use now? These are among the most important challenges that face our planet in the coming decades. The broad themes of food systems and people, agriculture and the environment, the science of agriculture, agricultural products, and agricultural production systems are covered in more than 200 separate chapters of this work. The book provides information that serves as the foundation for discussion of the food and environment challenges of the world. An international group of highly respected authors addresses these issues from a global perspective and provides the background, references, and linkages for further exploration of each of topics of this comprehensive work. Addresses important challenges of sustainability and efficiency from a global perspective. Takes a detailed look at the important issues affecting the agricultural and food industries today. Full colour throughout.
Download or read book Stripe Rust written by Xianming Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively introduces stripe rust disease, its development and its integral control. Covering the biology, genetics, genome, and functional genomics of the pathogen, it also discusses host and non-host resistance, their interactions and the epidemiology of the disease. It is intended for scientists, postgraduates and undergraduate studying stripe rust, plant pathology, crop breeding, crop protection and agricultural science, but is also a valuable reference book for consultants and administrators in agricultural businesses and education.
Download or read book Barley written by Steven E. Ullrich and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-25 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barley is one of the world's most important crops with uses ranging from food and feed production, malting and brewing to its use as a model organism in molecular research. The demand and uses of barley continue to grow and there is a need for an up-to-date comprehensive reference that looks at all aspects of the barley crop from taxonomy and morphology through to end use. Barley will fill this increasing void. Barley will stand as a must have reference for anyone researching, growing, or utilizing this important crop.
Author :Roberto Fritsche-Neto Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642330878 Total Pages :166 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (423 download)
Book Synopsis Plant Breeding for Biotic Stress Resistance by : Roberto Fritsche-Neto
Download or read book Plant Breeding for Biotic Stress Resistance written by Roberto Fritsche-Neto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experience shows that biotic stresses occur with different levels of intensity in nearly all agricultural areas around the world. The occurrence of insects, weeds and diseases caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses may not be relevant in a specific year but they usually harm yield in most years. Global warming has shifted the paradigm of biotic stresses in most growing areas, especially in the tropical countries, sparking intense discussions in scientific forums. This book was written with the idea of collecting in a single publication the most recent advances and discoveries concerning breeding for biotic stresses, covering all major classes of biotic challenges to agriculture and food production. Accordingly, it presents the state-of-the-art in plant stresses caused by all microorganisms, weeds and insects and how to breed for them. Complementing Plant Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance, this book was written for scientists and students interested in learning how to breed for biotic stress scenarios, allowing them to develop a greater understanding of the basic mechanisms of resistance to biotic stresses and develop resistant cultivars.
Download or read book Wheat Blast written by Sudheer Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat Blast provides systematic and practical information on wheat blast pathology, summarises research progress and discusses future perspectives based on current understanding of the existing issues. The book explores advance technologies that may help in deciding the path for future research and development for better strategies and techniques to manage the wheat blast disease. It equips readers with basic and applied understanding on the identification of disease, its distribution and chances of further spread in new areas, its potential to cause yield losses to wheat, the conditions that favour disease development, disease prediction modelling, resistance breeding methods and management strategies against wheat blast. Features: Provides comprehensive information on wheat blast pathogen and its management under a single umbrella Covers disease identification and diagnostics which will be helpful to check introduction in new areas Discusses methods and protocol to study the different aspects of the disease such as diagnostics, variability, resistance screening, epiphytotic creation etc. Gives deep insight on the past, present and future outlook of wheat blast research progress This book’s chapters are contributed by experts and pioneers in their respective fields and it provides comprehensive insight with updated findings on wheat blast research. It serves as a valuable reference for researchers, policy makers, students, teachers, farmers, seed growers, traders, and other stakeholders dealing with wheat.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Applications by : Frank Kempken
Download or read book Agricultural Applications written by Frank Kempken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the high relevance of fungi for agriculture. It is a completely updated and revised second edition with fourteen excellent chapters by leading scientists in their fields and offers a comprehensive review of the latest achievements and developments. Topics include: Food and fodder; fungal secondary metabolites and detoxification; biology, disease control and management; symbiontic fungi and mycorrhiza; and phytopathogenicity.
Book Synopsis Molecular Plant Immunity by : Guido Sessa
Download or read book Molecular Plant Immunity written by Guido Sessa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Plant Immunity provides an integrated look at both well-established and emerging concepts in plant disease resistance providing the most current information on this important vitally important topic within plant biology. Understanding the molecular basis of the plant immune system has implications on the development of new varieties of sustainable crops, understanding the challenges plant life will face in changing environments, as well as providing a window into immune function that could have translational appeal to human medicine. Molecular Plant Immunity opens with chapters reviewing how the first line of plant immune response is activated followed by chapters looking at the molecular mechanisms that allow fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes to circumvent those defenses. Plant resistance proteins, which provide the second line of plant immune defense, are then covered followed by chapters on the role of hormones in immunity and the mechanisms that modulate specific interaction between plants and viruses. The final chapters look at model plant-pathogen systems to review interaction between plants and fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Written by a leading team of international experts, Molecular Plant Immunity will provide a needed resource to diverse research community investigated plant immunity.
Download or read book The Barley Genome written by Nils Stein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-18 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in barley genome analysis, covering all aspects of sequencing the genome and translating this important information into new knowledge in basic and applied crop plant biology and new tools for research and crop improvement. Unlimited access to a high-quality reference sequence is removing one of the major constraints in basic and applied research. This book summarizes the advanced knowledge of the composition of the barley genome, its genes and the much larger non-coding part of the genome, and how this information facilitates studying the specific characteristics of barley. One of the oldest domesticated crops, barley is the small grain cereal species that is best adapted to the highest altitudes and latitudes, and it exhibits the greatest tolerance to most abiotic stresses. With comprehensive access to the genome sequence, barley’s importance as a genetic model in comparative studies on crop species like wheat, rye, oats and even rice is likely to increase.
Book Synopsis Rust Diseases of Wheat by : Alan P. Roelfs
Download or read book Rust Diseases of Wheat written by Alan P. Roelfs and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1992 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Characterization of the Pseudomonas - Tomato Interaction by : Adriana Jimena Bernal
Download or read book Molecular Characterization of the Pseudomonas - Tomato Interaction written by Adriana Jimena Bernal and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops by : Chittaranjan Kole
Download or read book Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is expected to have a drastic impact on agronomic conditions including temperature, precipitation, soil nutrients, and the incidence of disease pests, to name a few. To face this looming threat, significant progress in developing new breeding strategies has been made over the last few decades. The first volume of Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops presents the basic concepts and strategies for developing climate-resilient crop varieties. Topics covered include: conservation, evaluation and utilization of biodiversity; identification of traits, genes and crops of the future; genomic and molecular tools; genetic engineering; participatory and evolutionary breeding; bioinformatics tools to support breeding; funding and networking support; and intellectual property, regulatory issues, social and political dimensions.
