Understanding Analysts Reactions To Earnings Management

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Understanding Analysts' Reactions to Earnings Management

Author : Yuyan Guan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494219447
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Analysts' Reactions to Earnings Management by : Yuyan Guan

Download or read book Understanding Analysts' Reactions to Earnings Management written by Yuyan Guan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the determinants of analysts' reactions to firms' earnings management. I present a model showing that analysts revise their forecasts according to their forecast errors revealed by earnings announcements and reporting biases embedded in reported earnings. The model further demonstrates that the relationship between forecast revisions and reporting biases can be affected by analysts' forecasting ability, the inherent uncertainty of whether reporting biases have occurred, as well as analysts' incentives. To empirically test the model's prediction regarding analysts' forecasting ability, I use analysts' firm-specific experience, size of their brokerage firm, and the number of industries they follow as proxies. Consistent with the model's prediction, I provide evidence showing that well-experienced analysts adjust more for earnings management while analysts following a greater number of industries adjust less for earnings management. Sensitivity analysis using analyst's historical firm-specific forecast accuracy as an alternative measure of forecasting ability further supports the hypothesis that analysts with better forecasting ability adjust more for earnings management. Moreover, analysts adjust less for earnings management when the inherent uncertainty of the reporting bias is greater. Specifically, analysts adjust less for earnings management when: (1) the past volatility of discretionary accruals is high; and (2) the firm has a marked propensity to smooth earnings. There is little evidence that affiliated analysts adjust less for earnings management than unaffiliated analysts. However, analysts adjust more for earnings management in the post-Reg FD period than in the pre-Reg FD period, which is consistent with Regulation FD achieving its objective of strengthening analysts' incentives to issue unbiased forecasts.

Analysts' Response to Earnings Management

Author : Xiaohui Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (584 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysts' Response to Earnings Management by : Xiaohui Liu

Download or read book Analysts' Response to Earnings Management written by Xiaohui Liu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous literature studies analysts' earnings forecasts without considering firms' response to analysts' forecasts. This study improves upon previous research by considering firms' earnings management with respect to analysts' forecasts. I hypothesize that analysts understand these earnings management practices, and incorporate firms' expected behavior into their forecasts. I demonstrate that for firms with high tendencies and flexibilities to manage earnings downwards, and/or firms with negatively skewed earnings, analysts account for earnings management practices by lowering the otherwise optimal forecasts. Comparing analysts' consensus forecasts with proxy for non-strategic forecasts (otherwise optimal forecasts), I find that analysts' forecasts are systematically below the non-strategic forecasts for firm-quarters that have: high accounting reserves available to manage earnings downwards, high unmanaged earnings, low debt to equity ratios, negative forecasted earnings, and negatively skewed unmanaged earnings. These results suggest that analysts forecast below the non-strategic level in order to avoid the large optimistic forecast errors that occur when firms who cannot meet forecasts manage earnings downward. The test results also suggest that analysts forecast above the non-strategic forecasts when earnings are positively skewed, and/or when firms have high tendencies and flexibilities to manage earnings upwards.

Introduction to Earnings Management

Author : Malek El Diri
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319626868
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Earnings Management by : Malek El Diri

Download or read book Introduction to Earnings Management written by Malek El Diri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-20 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides researchers and scholars with a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of earnings management theory and literature. While it raises new questions for future research, the book can be also helpful to other parties who rely on financial reporting in making decisions like regulators, policy makers, shareholders, investors, and gatekeepers e.g., auditors and analysts. The book summarizes the existing literature and provides insight into new areas of research such as the differences between earnings management, fraud, earnings quality, impression management, and expectation management; the trade-off between earnings management activities; the special measures of earnings management; and the classification of earnings management motives based on a comprehensive theoretical framework.

Earnings Management

Author : Joshua Ronen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387257713
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Earnings Management by : Joshua Ronen

Download or read book Earnings Management written by Joshua Ronen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a study of earnings management, aimed at scholars and professionals in accounting, finance, economics, and law. The authors address research questions including: Why are earnings so important that firms feel compelled to manipulate them? What set of circumstances will induce earnings management? How will the interaction among management, boards of directors, investors, employees, suppliers, customers and regulators affect earnings management? How to design empirical research addressing earnings management? What are the limitations and strengths of current empirical models?

Stock Price Reactions to On-Target Earnings Announcements Implications for Earnings Management

Author : William R. Baber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Stock Price Reactions to On-Target Earnings Announcements Implications for Earnings Management by : William R. Baber

Download or read book Stock Price Reactions to On-Target Earnings Announcements Implications for Earnings Management written by William R. Baber and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate the consequences of earnings management by analyzing stock price reactions to on-target quarterly earnings announcements (earnings that coincide with analysts' consensus expectations) during 1993-1999. We use techniques advanced in Jones (1991), Kang and Sivaramakrishnan (1995), and Collins and Hribar (2000) to distinguish observations where firms apparently manage earnings in order to meet expectations. We find that mean security returns during the earnings announcement period are 0.18% to 0.91% less for observations where firms apparently increase earnings than for those where firms apparently decrease earnings to meet expectations. These differences are statistically significant at conventional levels. We also find that returns during the earnings disclosure period vary inversely with the extent that firms appear to manage earnings upward. Overall, the evidence suggests that market participants are aware of incentives to manage earnings to meet expectations, and that they discount managed earnings components when interpreting quarterly earnings disclosures. Finally, we point out that the issue of stock splits should be investigated with care when using published consensus analyst forecasts.

Analyst Forecasts, Earnings Management, and Insider Trading Patterns

Author : Garen Markarian
Publisher : VDM Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783836473958
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (739 download)

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Book Synopsis Analyst Forecasts, Earnings Management, and Insider Trading Patterns by : Garen Markarian

Download or read book Analyst Forecasts, Earnings Management, and Insider Trading Patterns written by Garen Markarian and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For at least two decades, it was believed that making managers into owners could ameliorate many agency conflicts existing in capital markets settings. In fact, it now appears that managerial ownership of stock itself may encourage earnings manipulations. In this study, we show that CEO insider trading, earnings manipulations, and the ability to meet and exceed market benchmarks are all interrelated. Managers manipulate earnings to exceed analyst earnings forecasts. Additionally, managerial insider selling increases with performance relative to analyst forecasts, and is magnified by stock option holdings. Insider selling is more intense among managers who have used earnings manipulations to exceed forecasts. Additionally, managers who sell following the announcement of an earnings surprise are able to earn abnormal profits. Firms having both positive earnings surprises and insider selling exhibit lower subsequent accounting performance. This study is of interest to academics, practitioners who are interested in the finer mechanisms of markets, and advanced finance students, alike.

International Financial Reporting Standards and New Directions in Earnings Management

Author : Oliveira, Jonas da Silva
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522578188
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis International Financial Reporting Standards and New Directions in Earnings Management by : Oliveira, Jonas da Silva

Download or read book International Financial Reporting Standards and New Directions in Earnings Management written by Oliveira, Jonas da Silva and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fiscal market is an unpredictable torrent of information that modern organizations strive to understand. Business professionals dedicate themselves to understanding uncertain results around economic performance to improve management, reporting standards, and predict trends in financial statements. International Financial Reporting Standards and New Directions in Earnings Management is an essential reference source that discusses identifying the behavioral patterns of managers and the accounting policies they use in different opportunistic circumstances. Featuring research on topics such as earnings quality, risk reports, and investor protection, this book is ideal for regulatory authorities, accountants, impression managers, auditors, academics, students, and researchers seeking coverage on the theoretical, empirical, and experimental studies that relate to the different themes within earnings management.

Earnings Management and Expectations Management

Author : Srinivasan Sankaraguruswamy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Earnings Management and Expectations Management by : Srinivasan Sankaraguruswamy

Download or read book Earnings Management and Expectations Management written by Srinivasan Sankaraguruswamy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior literature has argued that managers manipulate earnings; other literature suggests that managers manipulate analysts (market) expectations of earnings. These two streams treat the two types of manipulation as occurring independently of each other. Our paper suggests that managers manipulate both earnings and expectations at the same time, and model them as jointly determined. In this model, errors in earnings and forecasts are positively correlated. In prior research the data reject the null that earnings forecasts are rational; in terms of this paper's model, these rejections are to be expected; given the positive correlation in errors between managers and analysts, prior tests are mis-specified. A non-zero forecast error on average is taken to mean that analysts are biased; this paper's model of joint determination predicates a non-zero forecast error on average. Similarly, this paper's model predicts rejection of rationality in other standard tests.

Analytical Approach to Investing Research - Removing the Management Fluff

Author : Ph. D. Pat O'Leary
Publisher : Totalrecall Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780970468444
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Analytical Approach to Investing Research - Removing the Management Fluff by : Ph. D. Pat O'Leary

Download or read book Analytical Approach to Investing Research - Removing the Management Fluff written by Ph. D. Pat O'Leary and published by Totalrecall Publications. This book was released on 2009-03-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical approach to Investing Research A Market Insiders Analytical Approach Removes Management Fluff to Help Predict Forward Pricing and Valuation Based on Solid Principles That Can Be Quantified The earnings management and expectations management directly impacts the analytical forecasts in firm evaluation. Earnings and analyst forecasts are important inputs into accounting valuation models to reflect current and predict future firm performance. These models help predict the intrinsic value, however in recent years may have adversely affected the usefulness of the information. This book is meant to show that intrinsic value metrics estimated using manipulated earnings or forecasts have less ability to track stock prices and predict future returns. The usefulness of earnings and analyst forecasts provide evidence for the joint hypothesis of (i) long-term market efficiency and (ii) the negative impact of earnings management and expectations management i.e. Removing The Management Fluff. First, it challenges the conventional view that more accurate and less biased forecasts are necessarily of better quality and proposes to assess the quality of analyst forecasts. It also introduces an improved measure for expectations management and presents new evidence on (i) the usefulness of earnings and analyst forecasts in firm valuation; (ii) the negative impacts of earnings management and expectations management on this usefulness; and (iii) the overall performance of accounting valuation models in firm valuation. Dr. Pat OLeary, Ph.D. Accounting MBA, CMA, CFM, CNE, B. Commerce Born in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, Pat has always been motivated to succeed and dedicated to getting the best formal financial education possible, as evidenced by his many degrees and certifications. As he rose through the ranks in the corporate world, he gained extensive experience in corporate structuring, mergers, IPOs, international finance, foreign exchange, and manufacturing. His impressive educational background and financial experience have blended to form the analytical and practical approach to investing research that he presents in this book.

Earnings Quality

Author : Jennifer Francis
Publisher : Now Publishers Inc
ISBN 13 : 1601981147
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Earnings Quality by : Jennifer Francis

Download or read book Earnings Quality written by Jennifer Francis and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2008 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review lays out a research perspective on earnings quality. We provide an overview of alternative definitions and measures of earnings quality and a discussion of research design choices encountered in earnings quality research. Throughout, we focus on a capital markets setting, as opposed, for example, to a contracting or stewardship setting. Our reason for this choice stems from the view that the capital market uses of accounting information are fundamental, in the sense of providing a basis for other uses, such as stewardship. Because resource allocations are ex ante decisions while contracting/stewardship assessments are ex post evaluations of outcomes, evidence on whether, how and to what degree earnings quality influences capital market resource allocation decisions is fundamental to understanding why and how accounting matters to investors and others, including those charged with stewardship responsibilities. Demonstrating a link between earnings quality and, for example, the costs of equity and debt capital implies a basic economic role in capital allocation decisions for accounting information; this role has only recently been documented in the accounting literature. We focus on how the precision of financial information in capturing one or more underlying valuation-relevant constructs affects the assessment and use of that information by capital market participants. We emphasize that the choice of constructs to be measured is typically contextual. Our main focus is on the precision of earnings, which we view as a summary indicator of the overall quality of financial reporting. Our intent in discussing research that evaluates the capital market effects of earnings quality is both to stimulate further research in this area and to encourage research on related topics, including, for example, the role of earnings quality in contracting and stewardship.

Comparative Research on Earnings Management, Corporate Governance, and Economic Value

Author : Vieira, Elisabete S.
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799875989
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Research on Earnings Management, Corporate Governance, and Economic Value by : Vieira, Elisabete S.

Download or read book Comparative Research on Earnings Management, Corporate Governance, and Economic Value written by Vieira, Elisabete S. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-02-12 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New trends are emerging regarding earnings management and corporate governance showing similarities and striking differences in the practices of different countries and economies. These new trends currently shape the field of modern corporate governance with crucial issues being looked at in governance law and practices, accounting systems, earnings quality and management, stakeholder involvement, and more. In order to advance these new avenues in corporate governance, research looks at accounting policies firms use in different opportunistic circumstances in order to manage earnings, the corporate governance practices in different countries, firm performance, and other dimensions of companies. The understanding of these topics is beneficial in understanding the current state of different types of firms and their practices in modern times. Comparative Research on Earnings Management, Corporate Governance, and Economic Value is focused on the investigation of key challenges and perspectives of corporate governance and earnings management and outlines possible scenarios of its development. The chapters explore this new avenue of research and cover theoretical, empirical, and experimental studies related to different themes in the global context of earnings management and corporate governance. This book is ideal for economists, businesses, managers, accountants, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in the current issues and advancements in corporate governance and earnings management.

The Impact of Earnings Management on the Performance of Earnings-Based Valuation Models

Author : Yao Tian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Earnings Management on the Performance of Earnings-Based Valuation Models by : Yao Tian

Download or read book The Impact of Earnings Management on the Performance of Earnings-Based Valuation Models written by Yao Tian and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to examine empirically how the presence of earnings management may affect firm valuation. We compare the performance of earnings-based (e.g., Residual Income Model, RIM) and non-earnings-based (e.g., Discounted Cash Flow, DCF) valuation models, measured by absolute percentage pricing errors and absolute percentage valuation errors, for two subsets of publicly traded US firms: "Suspect" firms that are likely to have engaged in earnings management and “Normal” firms matched on industry, year and size. When valuation models use only analysts' short-term earnings forecasts as model inputs, results indicate that earnings management adversely affects the RIM model's ability to estimate a firm's intrinsic value while leaving that of DCF unchanged. We contribute to the valuation literature by showing that the well-known superiority of the RIM model over DCF does not hold when earnings are managed. By comparison, if the valuation model also includes analysts' long-term target price forecasts, RIM does not enjoy any economically significant accuracy advantage over DCF, with or without the presence of earnings management. Over a longer forecast horizon, financial analysts appear to account for the impact of earnings management on firms' future values by adjusting their target price forecasts. We extend the earnings management literature by demonstrating that the way analysts react to earnings management over short to long-term forecast horizons has different implications for the estimation ability of RIM vis-à-vis DCF models.

Earnings Management Pressure on Audit Clients

Author : Nathan J. Newton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Earnings Management Pressure on Audit Clients by : Nathan J. Newton

Download or read book Earnings Management Pressure on Audit Clients written by Nathan J. Newton and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates whether auditors respond to earnings management pressure created by analyst forecasts. Analyst forecasts create an important earnings target for management, and professional standards direct auditors to consider how this pressure could affect their clients. Using annual analyst forecasts available during the planning phase of the audit, I examine whether this form of earnings management pressure affects clients' financial statement misstatements. Next, I investigate whether auditors respond to earnings forecast pressure through audit fees and reporting delay. I find that higher levels of analyst forecast pressure increase the likelihood of client restatement. I also find that auditors charge higher audit fees and delay the issuance of the audit report in response to pressure from analyst expectations. Finally, I find that when audit clients are subject to high analyst forecast pressure, a high audit fee response by auditors mitigates the likelihood of client misstatements. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151105

Biased Forecasts or Biased Earnings? The Role of Reported Earnings in Explaining Apparent Bias and Over/Underreaction in Analysts' Earnings Forecasts

Download Biased Forecasts or Biased Earnings? The Role of Reported Earnings in Explaining Apparent Bias and Over/Underreaction in Analysts' Earnings Forecasts PDF Online Free

Author : Jeffery S. Abarbanell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Biased Forecasts or Biased Earnings? The Role of Reported Earnings in Explaining Apparent Bias and Over/Underreaction in Analysts' Earnings Forecasts by : Jeffery S. Abarbanell

Download or read book Biased Forecasts or Biased Earnings? The Role of Reported Earnings in Explaining Apparent Bias and Over/Underreaction in Analysts' Earnings Forecasts written by Jeffery S. Abarbanell and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We demonstrate the role of three empirical properties of cross-sectional distributions of analysts' forecast errors in generating evidence pertinent to three important and heretofore separately analyzed phenomena studied in the analyst earnings forecast literature: purported bias (intentional or unintentional) in analysts' earnings forecasts, forecaster over/underreaction to information in prior realizations of economic variables, and positive serial correlation in analysts' forecast errors. The empirical properties of interest include: the existence of two statistically influential asymmetries found in the tail and the middle of typical forecast error distributions, the fact that a relatively small number of observations comprise these asymmetries and, the unusual character of the reported earnings benchmark used in the calculation of the forecast errors that fall into the two asymmetries that is associated with firm recognition of unexpected accruals. We discuss competing explanations for the presence of these properties of forecast error distributions and their implications for conclusions about analyst forecast rationality that are pertinent to researchers, regulators, and investors concerned with the incentives and judgments of analysts.Previously titled quot;Biased Forecasts or Biased Earnings? The Role of Earnings Management in Explaining Apparent Optimism and Inefficiency in Analysts' Earnings Forecastsquot.

Earnings Management. The Influence of Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management on Earnings Quality

Author :
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3964875953
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Earnings Management. The Influence of Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management on Earnings Quality by :

Download or read book Earnings Management. The Influence of Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management on Earnings Quality written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2024-01-31 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, University of Duisburg-Essen, course: Master Thesis, language: English, abstract: This paper delves into various theories and approaches, aiming to define and differentiate earnings management from related concepts such as fraud, expectation management, and impression management. It explores the goals and incentives driving earnings management, including maximizing or minimizing earnings, beating targets, and smoothing. At the onset of the new millennium, corporate scandals rocked the business world, eroding trust in management, boards of directors, and the accounting profession. In response, regulations and policies aimed at enhancing corporate governance and financial reporting were swiftly implemented. The credibility, clarity, and consistency of financial reporting practices play a pivotal role in enabling investors to make informed decisions. Accurate and fair financial performance representations, as opposed to inflated and misleading figures, are essential for market players, including shareholders and creditors. Investors rely on audited financial reports to guide their investment decisions, underscoring the critical importance of accuracy and reliability in publicly available financial disclosures. Auditors, by reducing the risk of material misstatement, ensure the integrity of the information disclosed in a company's financial statements. Management, with the goal of achieving promised targets and ensuring the company's existence, may engage in earnings management as a strategic contribution to corporate policy. Financial reporting serves as a means to distinguish well-performing companies from their counterparts, facilitating efficient resource allocation and empowering stakeholders to make effective decisions. The disclosed earnings results significantly impact a firm's overall business activities and management decisions, particularly in satisfying analysts' expectations, which can influence equity value. While accounting standards play a role, the quality of financial statements is more influenced by company-specific and institutional factors shaping managers' incentives. These factors lead to financial reporting practices being viewed as the outcome of a cost-benefit assessment.

Interactions Between Analyst Earnings Forecasts and Management Earnings Forecasts

Author : Lawrence D. Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Interactions Between Analyst Earnings Forecasts and Management Earnings Forecasts by : Lawrence D. Brown

Download or read book Interactions Between Analyst Earnings Forecasts and Management Earnings Forecasts written by Lawrence D. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine interactions between analyst earnings forecasts and management earnings forecasts by investigating: (1) managers' comparative efficiency relative to analysts at incorporating past earnings changes, accruals, stock returns and analyst-based earnings surprises into their earnings forecasts; (2) extent to which analyst inefficiencies in incorporating these four pieces of publicly available information into their earnings forecasts prompt managers to issue earnings forecasts; and (3) role of these four pieces of information at improving analyst forecasts after they have observed management forecasts. We show that: (1) unlike analysts, managers do efficiently incorporate information from past returns into their earnings forecasts; (2) analysts' failure to incorporate past returns information into earnings forecasts is the primary trigger for managers to issue their own earnings forecasts; and (3) after management forecasts, analyst forecasts improve most significantly with respect to incorporating past returns information.

Earnings Management? Alternative Explanations for Observed Discontinuities in the Frequency Distribution of Earnings, Earnings Changes, and Analyst Forecast Errors

Download Earnings Management? Alternative Explanations for Observed Discontinuities in the Frequency Distribution of Earnings, Earnings Changes, and Analyst Forecast Errors PDF Online Free

Author : Cindy Durtschi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Earnings Management? Alternative Explanations for Observed Discontinuities in the Frequency Distribution of Earnings, Earnings Changes, and Analyst Forecast Errors by : Cindy Durtschi

Download or read book Earnings Management? Alternative Explanations for Observed Discontinuities in the Frequency Distribution of Earnings, Earnings Changes, and Analyst Forecast Errors written by Cindy Durtschi and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discontinuities at zero in the frequency distributions of reported net income (deflated by beginning-of-period market capitalization), deflated change in net income, I/B/E/S quot;actualquot; earnings, and analysts' forecast errors are the most widely cited evidence of earnings management. We provide evidence consistent with alternative explanations for each of these discontinuities. We show that firms reporting small losses are priced significantly differently from firms that report small profits. An effect of this difference in pricing is that earnings to the left of zero are deflated by significantly different denominators than earnings to the right of zero inducing a discontinuity in the distributions of deflated net income and deflated changes in net income at zero. We also show that sample selection criteria may contribute to the discontinuity in these distributions as well as the discontinuity in I/B/E/S actual earnings. Finally, the presumption in the literature which focuses on the discontinuity at zero in the distribution of analysts' forecasts errors is that earnings are managed to meet or beat analysts' forecasts. We provide an alternative explanation: the discontinuity is caused by the fact that analysts' forecast errors tend to be much greater when the forecasts are optimistic than when they are pessimistic. This tendency leads to more small positive forecasts errors (pessimistic forecasts) than small negative forecast errors (optimistic forecasts).