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Ultrahigh Energy Resolution Gamma Ray Spectrometers For Precision Measurements Of Uranium Enrichment
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Book Synopsis Ultrahigh Energy Resolution Gamma-ray Spectrometers for Precision Measurements of Uranium Enrichment by : S. Ali
Download or read book Ultrahigh Energy Resolution Gamma-ray Spectrometers for Precision Measurements of Uranium Enrichment written by S. Ali and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconducting Gamma-ray detectors offer an order of magnitude higher energy resolution than conventional high-purity germanium detectors. This can significantly increase the precision of non-destructive isotope analysis for nuclear samples where line overlap affects the errors of the measurement. We have developed Gamma-detectors based on superconducting molybdenum-copper sensors and bulk tin absorbers for nuclear science and national security applications. They have, depending on design, an energy resolution between {approx}50 and {approx}150 eV FWHM at {approx}100 keV. Here we apply this detector technology to the measurement of uranium isotope ratios, and discuss the trade-offs between energy resolution and quantum efficiency involved in detector design.
Book Synopsis Low-resolution Gamma-ray Measurements of Uranium Enrichment by :
Download or read book Low-resolution Gamma-ray Measurements of Uranium Enrichment written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Facilities that process special nuclear material perform periodic inventories. In bulk facilities that process low-enriched uranium, these inventories and their audits are based primarily on weight and enrichment measurements. Enrichment measurements determine the 211U weight fraction of the uranium compound from the passive gamma-ray emissions of the sample. Both international inspectors and facility operators rely on the capability to make in-field gamma-ray measurements of uranium enrichment. These users require rapid, portable measurement capability. Some in-field measurements have been biased, forcing the inspectors to resort to high-resolution measurements or mass spectrometry to accomplish their goals.
Book Synopsis Accurate, Wide-range Uranium Enrichment Measurements by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy. I, Characterization of Enrichment Standards ; II, Demonstration of Enrichment Measurement Capability by : J. L. Parker
Download or read book Accurate, Wide-range Uranium Enrichment Measurements by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy. I, Characterization of Enrichment Standards ; II, Demonstration of Enrichment Measurement Capability written by J. L. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Measurements of 235U Enrichment by : L. A. Kull
Download or read book Guidelines for Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Measurements of 235U Enrichment written by L. A. Kull and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Accurate, Wide-range Uranium Enrichment Measurements by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy by : Jack L. Parker
Download or read book Accurate, Wide-range Uranium Enrichment Measurements by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy written by Jack L. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Practical Gamma-ray Spectrometry by : Gordon Gilmore
Download or read book Practical Gamma-ray Spectrometry written by Gordon Gilmore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-11-25 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cutting-edge new edition of the classic introduction to radioactive measurement Gammy-Ray Spectrometry is a key technique in the study of radioactive decay. It measures the rate and extent of radioactivity from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial, including cosmic ray sources, nuclear reactors, high-energy physics experiments, and more. The resulting data can be essential to environmental monitoring and to a range of experimental sciences. For years, Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry has served as the classic introduction to this area for current or aspiring practitioners. A comprehensive but accessible treatment of the subject, with a thorough discussion of all major classes of detectors and their associated electronic systems, it contains everything a researcher needs to make optimal gamma-ray measurements. Now fully updated to reflect the latest technology and experimental data, it is a must-own for researchers looking to incorporate gamma-ray spectrometry into their scientific practice. Readers of the third edition of Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry will also find: Fault-finding guide for rapid and effective problem resolution Workshop-style approach emphasizing the fundamentals of laboratory practice New sections dealing with novel developments in nuclear structure research, measuring effects of pollution and climate change, new semiconductor materials, and more Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry is ideal for PhD students and practicing gamma-ray spectroscopists, including researchers working on radiation, energy and environmental monitoring professionals, and researchers working in physics, archaeometry, and related subjects.
Book Synopsis Gamma-ray Measurements for Uranium Enrichment Standards by :
Download or read book Gamma-ray Measurements for Uranium Enrichment Standards written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gamma-ray spectroscopic measurement of uranium enrichment is one of the most widely used nondestructive analysis techniques. A study has been started of the precision and accuracy achievable with this technique and the physical parameters which affect it. The study was prompted by questions raised during the ongoing ESARDA-NBS experiment to produce uranium oxide reference counting materials for the technique. Results reported using a high-quality Ge(Li) spectrometer system show reproducibility comparable to that attainable with mass spectrometry (approximately 0.1% for low enrichment uranium).
Book Synopsis Development of Superconducting High-Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometers for Nuclear Safeguards by : Jonathan Dreyer
Download or read book Development of Superconducting High-Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometers for Nuclear Safeguards written by Jonathan Dreyer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconducting high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometers based on molybdenum/ copper transition edge sensors (TES) with tin absorbers have been developed for nuclear safeguard applications. This dissertation focuses on plutonium analysis, specifically the direct measurement of the 242Pu gamma-ray signature at 44.915keV. As existing nondestructive analysis methods cannot directly measure this or any other 242Pu signature, the feasibility of making such a measurement using a TES based system is presented. Analysis from of Monte Carlo simulations and analytical noise models shows that the direct detection of this gamma-ray line of is possible and can be quantified in the presence of a 240Pu gamma-ray line with a line separation of 324eV, even if the emission from the 240Pu is several orders of magnitude stronger. Spectroscopic measurements conducted in a liquid cryogen system offered an energy resolution of 180eV, adequate for the measurement of 242Pu; however, TES operation in a liquid-cryogen-free pulse tube refrigerator degraded sensor performance such that this measurement was no longer possible. The numerical noise model indicates that the energy resolution of this device is adequate to demonstrate a direct measurement of 242Pu if the noise pickup from the mechanical cooler can be suppressed. This work shows that the precise measurement of low-intensity gamma-ray signatures, such as the 44.915keV gamma ray from 242Pu, will require arrays of low-noise TES sensors and that such a system would offer invaluable information in the analysis of plutonium bearing materials.
Book Synopsis Accurate, wide-range uranium enrichment measurements by gamma-ray spectroscopy : characterization of enrichment standards : demonstration of enrichment measurement capability by : J. L. Parker
Download or read book Accurate, wide-range uranium enrichment measurements by gamma-ray spectroscopy : characterization of enrichment standards : demonstration of enrichment measurement capability written by J. L. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Simulations of Ultra-High Energy Resolution Gamma Detectors for Nuclear Safeguards by :
Download or read book Monte Carlo Simulations of Ultra-High Energy Resolution Gamma Detectors for Nuclear Safeguards written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultra-high energy resolution superconducting gamma-ray detectors can improve the accuracy of non-destructive analysis for unknown radioactive materials. These detectors offer an order of magnitude improvement in resolution over conventional high purity germanium detectors. The increase in resolution reduces errors from line overlap and allows for the identification of weaker gamma-rays by increasing the magnitude of the peaks above the background. In order to optimize the detector geometry and to understand the spectral response function Geant4, a Monte Carlo simulation package coded in C++, was used to model the detectors. Using a 1 mm3 Sn absorber and a monochromatic gamma source, different absorber geometries were tested. The simulation was expanded to include the Cu block behind the absorber and four layers of shielding required for detector operation at 0.1 K. The energy spectrum was modeled for an Am-241 and a Cs-137 source, including scattering events in the shielding, and the results were compared to experimental data. For both sources the main spectral features such as the photopeak, the Compton continuum, the escape x-rays and the backscatter peak were identified. Finally, the low energy response of a Pu-239 source was modeled to assess the feasibility of Pu-239 detection in spent fuel. This modeling of superconducting detectors can serve as a guide to optimize the configuration in future spectrometer designs.
Book Synopsis Design of a Multi-Channel Ultra-High Resolution Superconducting Gamma-Ray Spectrometer by : M. F. Cunningham
Download or read book Design of a Multi-Channel Ultra-High Resolution Superconducting Gamma-Ray Spectrometer written by M. F. Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconducting Gamma-ray microcalorimeters operated at temperatures around {approx}0.1 K offer an order of magnitude improvement in energy resolution over conventional high-purity Germanium spectrometers. The calorimeters consist of a {approx}1 mm{sup 3} superconducting or insulating absorber and a sensitive thermistor, which are weakly coupled to a cold bath. Gamma-ray capture increases the absorber temperature in proportion to the Gamma-ray energy, this is measured by the thermistor, and both subsequently cool back down to the base temperature through the weak link. We are developing ultra-high-resolution Gamma-ray spectrometers based on Sn absorbers and superconducting Mo/Cu multilayer thermistors for nuclear non-proliferation applications. They have achieved an energy resolution between 60 and 90 eV for Gamma-rays up to 100 keV. We also build two-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators for user-friendly detector operation at 0.1 K. We present recent results on the performance of single pixel Gamma-ray spectrometers, and discuss the design of a large detector array for increased sensitivity.
Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment Verifitation by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy by : G.M. Krüger
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment Verifitation by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy written by G.M. Krüger and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment Verification by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy by : G. M. Krüger
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment Verification by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy written by G. M. Krüger and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment Verification by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy by : G. M. Krüger
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment Verification by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy written by G. M. Krüger and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Dynamic Range of Ultra-High Resolution Cryogenic Gamma-ray Spectrometers by : S. Ali
Download or read book The Dynamic Range of Ultra-High Resolution Cryogenic Gamma-ray Spectrometers written by S. Ali and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are developing high-resolution cryogenic gamma-ray spectrometers for nuclear science and non-proliferation applications. The gamma-ray detectors are composed of a bulk superconducting Sn foil absorber attached to multilayer Mo/Cu transition-edge sensors (TES). The energy resolution achieved with a 1 x 1 x 0.25 mm{sup 3} Sn absorber is 50 -90eV for {gamma}-rays up to 100 keV and it decreases for large absorber sizes. We discuss the trade-offs between energy resolution and dynamic range, as well as development of TES arrays for higher count rates and better sensitivity.
Book Synopsis Superconducting High Energy Resolution Gamma-ray Spectrometers by : Daniel Tun Lai Chow
Download or read book Superconducting High Energy Resolution Gamma-ray Spectrometers written by Daniel Tun Lai Chow and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment Measurements Without Calibration Using Gamma Rays Above 100 KeV. by :
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment Measurements Without Calibration Using Gamma Rays Above 100 KeV. written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The verification of UF6 shipping cylinders is an important activity in routine safeguards inspections. Current measurement methods using either sodium-iodide or high-purity germanium detectors require calibrations that are not always appropriate for field measurements, because of changes in geometry or container wall thickness. The introduction of the MGAU code demonstrated the usefulness of intrinsically calibrated measurements for inspections. MGAU uses the 100-keV region of the uranium gamma-ray spectrum. The thick walls of UF6 shipping cylinders and the low-energy analysis preclude the routine use of MGAU for these measurements. We have developed a uranium enrichment measurement method for measurements using high-purity germanium detectors, which do not require calibration, and uranium gamma rays above 100 keV. The method uses seven gamma rays from 235U and 238U to determine their relative detection efficiency intrinsically and with an additional gamma ray from 234U, the relative abundance of these three uranium isotopes. The method uses a function that describes the basic physical processes that predominantly determine the relative detection efficiency curve. These are the detector efficiency, the absorption by the cylinder wall, and the self-absorption by the uranium contents. We will describe this model and initial testing on various uranium materials and detector types.
