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Author : R. Barclay
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (245 download)
Download or read book Two-stage Liquefaction Catalyst Evaluation written by R. Barclay and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. Barclay
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (245 download)
Download or read book Two-stage Liquefaction Catalyst Evaluation written by R. Barclay and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Catalysts and Process Developments for Two-stage Liquefaction. Second Quarterly Progress Report, April 1, 1992--June 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research under way in this project centers upon developing and evaluation catalysts and process improvements for coal liquefaction in the two-stage close-coupled catalytic process. The project is being carried out under contract to the United States Department of Energy. As discussed in the previous quarterly report, the results showed that C/T liquefaction is not a good option for Black Thunder subbituminous coal. In this quarter, the liquefaction of Black Thunder coal was continued. The studies showed that the combination of Wender's sulfated iron oxide with molybdenum is the most effective catalyst for this liquefaction. Compared with other iron/molybdenum catalysts, distillate yields were increased and the catalyst deactivation was not as severe as for the supported (extruded) catalysts.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 806 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL{trademark}) Process Bench Studies and PDU Scale-up with Sub-bituminous Coal. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reported are the details and results of Laboratory and Bench-Scale experiments using sub-bituminous coal conducted at Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., under DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-88PC88818 during the period October 1, 1988 to December 31, 1992. The work described is primarily concerned with testing of the baseline Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL{trademark}) process with comparisons with other two stage process configurations, catalyst evaluations and unit operations such as solid separation, pretreatments, on-line hydrotreating, and an examination of new concepts. In the overall program, three coals were evaluated, bituminous Illinois No. 6, Burning Star and sub-bituminous Wyoming Black Thunder and New Mexico McKinley Mine seams. The results from a total of 16 bench-scale runs are reported and analyzed in detail. The runs (experiments) concern process variables, variable reactor volumes, catalysts (both supported, dispersed and rejuvenated), coal cleaned by agglomeration, hot slurry treatments, reactor sequence, on-line hydrotreating, dispersed catalyst with pretreatment reactors and CO2/coal effects. The tests involving the Wyoming and New Mexico Coals are reported herein, and the tests involving the Illinois coal are described in Topical Report No. 2. On a laboratory scale, microautoclave tests evaluating coal, start-up oils, catalysts, thermal treatment, CO2 addition and sulfur compound effects were conducted and reported in Topical Report No. 3. Other microautoclave tests are described in the Bench Run sections to which they refer such as: rejuvenated catalyst, coker liquids and cleaned coals. The microautoclave tests conducted for modelling the CTSL{trademark} process are described in the CTSL{trademark} Modelling section of Topical Report No. 3 under this contract.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Catalysts and Process Developments for Two-stage Liquefaction. Final Technical Report, October 1, 1989--September 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in this project centered upon developing and evaluating catalysts and process improvements for coal liquefaction in the two-stage, close-coupled catalytic process. The major results are summarized here and they are described in more detail under each Task. In tasks for coal pretreatment and beneficiation, it was shown for coal handling that drying of both lignite or subbituminous coals using warm air, vacuum oven or exposing to air for long time was detrimental to subsequent liquefaction. Both laboratory and bench-scale beneficiations indicated that in order to achieve increased liquefaction yield for Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal, size separation with in sink-float technique should be used. For subbituminous coal, the best beneficiation was aqueous SO2 treatment, which reduced mineral matter. In the case of lignite, the fines should be rejected prior to aqueous SO2 treatment and sink-float gravity separation. In liquefying coals with supported catalysts in both first and second stages, coal conversion was highest (93%) with Illinois No. 6 coal, which also had the highest total liquid yield of 80%, however, the product contained unacceptably high level of resid (30%). Both low rank coals gave lower conversion (85--87%) and liquid yields (57--59%), but lighter products (no resid). The analysis of spent first stage catalysts indicated significant sodium and calcium deposits causing severe deactivation. The second stage catalysts were in better condition showing high surface areas and low coke and metal deposits. The use of dispersed catalyst in the first stage would combat the severe deactivation.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Two-stage, Close Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal. [Catalyst Used written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first calendar quarter of 1991 was a productive period with two bench-scale studies, microautoclave support studies, mini-Process Development Unit (PDU) preparations, and process modelling. Several catalyst presulfiding agents and CO2 effects upon liquefaction were evaluated in microautoclave scale tests. Dimethyl disulfide will be used for the PDU scale-up based on the results of these tests and prior data. Carbon dioxide appears to enhance coal conversion; however, gas and water yields are increased indicating possible water gas shift-hydrocarbon synthesis reactions. In the bench-scale studies, the rejuvenation of spent catalyst with acid and carbon burn-off produced catalytic activity akin to fresh and catalyst in a 12 day evaluation. A 14 day study of the addition of high concentrations of CO2 to a sub-bituminous coal liquefaction system demonstrated the occurrence of water gas shift hydrocarbon synthesis reactions and conversely higher coal conversions and distillate yields with high hydrogen consumptions. Preparations for a PDU Demonstration Run on Black Thunder Mine coal are underway. The British Coal Filtration Process will be used for solid separation. The results of microautoclave scale tests on Illinois, Ohio and Black Thunder Mine coals were reviewed and statistically analyzed to provide a sound basis for kinetic interpretation.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Catalysts and Process Development for Two-stage Liquefaction. First Quarterly Report, January 1, 1992--March 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research under way in this project centers upon developing and evaluating catalysts and process improvements for coal liquefaction in the two-stage, close-coupled catalytic process. The project is being carried out under contract to the United States Department of Energy. As discussed in the previous quarterly report, promising results were obtained by liquefying Illinois No. 6 bituminous and Black Thunder subbituminous coals using oil-soluble catalysts Molyvan L and molybdenum octoate. In this quarter, the liquefaction of Black Thunder coal was continued. Runs were made in catalytic/thermal (C/T) mode with supported AMOCAT{trademark} 1C (NiMo) and AMOCAT{trademark} 1B (Mo) catalysts. Although the initial performance in these runs was good (90% conversion with no resid production), both catalysts deactivated rapidly. Spent catalysts showed severe coke deposition as well as formation of a calcium-rich shell on the catalyst surface. Overall, C/T liquefaction is not a good process option for Black Thunder coal.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Two-stage, Close Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research continued on two-stage close coupled catalytic coal liquefaction. During the second quarter of 1990, experimental studies were carried out in the microautoclave and Bench Units. Updating of the economics of two-stage processing continued as did process modelling activities. Bench-scale operations consisted of the completion of Run 227-66 (CC-8), an OTISCA cleaned coal evaluation, and Run CC-9, a solids separation study of delayed coking. The OTISCA Cleaned Coal Evaluation and Delayed Coking Trials were successfully concluded. The economics of Eastern US bituminous coal liquefaction were updated to a 1991 basis. For an 8400 ton/day plant, an investment of 1.6 billion is estimated. 1 fig., 13 tabs.
![Download Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL[trademark] Process: Laboratory Scale Studies Modelling and Technical Assessment. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--June 30, 1993]. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/-lPyjwEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Download or read book Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL[trademark] Process: Laboratory Scale Studies Modelling and Technical Assessment. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--June 30, 1993]. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reported herein are the details and results of Laboratory-Scale experiments using sub-bituminous and bituminous coal concluded at Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., under DOE Contract No. AC22-88PCB8818 during the period October 1, 1988 to June 30, 1993. The work described in this report is primarily concerned with tests on a Laboratory Scale primarily using microautoclaves. Experiments were conducted evaluating coal, solvents, start-up oils, catalysts, thermal treatments, C0[sub 2] addition and sulfur compound effects. Other microautoclave tests are included in the companion topical reports for this contract, DE-88818-TOP-01 & 02 on Sub-Bituminous and Bituminous Bench-Scale and PDU activities. In addition to the Laboratory Scale Studies, kinetic data and modelling results from Bench-Scale and Microautoclave tests are interpreted and presented along with some economic updates and sensitivity studies.
![Download Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Bench Studies with Bituminous Coal. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--December 31, 1992]. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/M__TjwEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Bench Studies with Bituminous Coal. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--December 31, 1992]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reported herein are the details and results of Laboratory and Bench-Scale experiments using bituminous coal concluded at Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., under DOE contract during the period October 1, 1988 to December 31, 1992. The work described is primarily concerned with the application of coal cleaning methods and solids separation methods to the Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process. Additionally a predispersed catalyst was evaluated in a thermal/catalytic configuration, and an alternative nickel molybdenum catalyst was evaluated for the CTSL process. Three coals were evaluated in this program: Bituminous Illinois No. 6 Burning Star and Sub-bituminous Wyoming Black Thunder and New Mexico McKinley Mine seams. The results from a total of 16 bench-scale runs are reported and analyzed in detail. The tests involving the Illinois coal are reported herein, and the tests involving the Wyoming and New Mexico coals are described in Topical Report No. 1. On the laboratory scale, microautoclave tests evaluating coal, start-up oils, catalysts, thermal treatment, CO2 addition and sulfur compound effects are reported in Topical Report No. 3. Other microautoclave tests, such as tests on rejuvenated catalyst, coker liquids, and cleaned coals, are described in the Bench Run sections to which they refer. The microautoclave tests conducted for modelling the CTSL process are described in the CTSL Modelling section of Topical Report No. 3 under this contract.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1--March 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process oil samples from HRI Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Bench Unit Run CC-16 (227-76) were analyzed to provide information on process performance. Run CC-16 was operated in December 1992 with Burning Star 2 Mine (Illinois 6 seam) coal to test and validate Akzo EXP-AO-60 Ni/Mo catalyst (1/16 in. extrudate). Results were compared with those of four previous HRI CTSL bench unit runs made with Ni/Mo catalysts. Major conclusions from this work are summarized. (1) Akzo EXP-AO-60 gave process oil characteristics in Run CC-16 similar to those of other Ni/Mo catalysts tested in Runs I-13, I-16, I-17, and I-18 (by our analytical and empirical test methods). No distinct performance advantage for any of the catalysts emerges from the process oil characteristics and plant performance. Thus, for commercial coal liquefaction, a number of equivalent catalysts are available from competitive commercial sources. The similarity of run performance and process oil characteristics indicates consistent performance of HRI's bench unit operations over a period of several years; (2) Dominant effects on process oil properties in Run CC-16 were catalyst age and higher temperature operation in Periods 10--13 (Condition 2). Properties affected were the aromaticities and phenolic -OH concentrations of most streams and the asphaltene and preasphaltene concentrations of the pressure-filter liquid (PFL) 850°F resid. The trends reflect decreasing hydrogenation and defunctionalization of the process streams with increasing catalyst age. Operation at higher temperature conditions seems to have partially offset the effects of catalyst age.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Two-stage, Closed Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal. Seventeeth Quarterly Report, 1 October 1992--31 December 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall purpose of the program is to achieve higher yields of better quality transportation and turbine fuels and to lower the capital and production costs in order to make the products from direct coal liquefaction competitive with other fossil fuel products. This quarterly report covers work on Laboratory Testing and Bench Scale Studies with Black Thunder and Illinois No. 6 coals. The major activities during this period were preparation and testing of FeOOH-impregnated Black Thunder coal in Bench Scale Run (CC-15) and evaluation of A060 (AKZO) NiMo extrudates with Illinois No. 6 coal (CC-1 6). Using a procedure developed by Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center approximately 1100 lbs. of iron-impregnated coal was prepared. This FEOOH impregnated coal was evaluated in a 14 day Bench Run (CC-15) with and without FeOOH. Results were promising with distillate yields of 60--66 Wt% MAF coal versus 57.4 Wt% without iron catalyst. The process consisted of FEOOH impregnated coal preparation and use of a pretreatment reactor plus a back-mixed first stage followed by a supported catalyst second stage. Since Shell 317 bimodal NiMo catalyst is no longer manufactured, Bench run CC-1 6 was conducted to evaluate A060 AKZO experimental catalyst. This catalyst was prepared in quantity and successfully tested in ebullated beds at Wilsonville. Results show the overall performance to be as good as Shell 317 and that A060 is a good substitute catalyst for future experimentation.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Two-stage, Close Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal. Tenth Quarterly Report, 1 January 1991--31 March 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first calendar quarter of 1991 was a productive period with two bench-scale studies, microautoclave support studies, mini-Process Development Unit (PDU) preparations, and process modelling. Several catalyst presulfiding agents and CO2 effects upon liquefaction were evaluated in microautoclave scale tests. Dimethyl disulfide will be used for the PDU scale-up based on the results of these tests and prior data. Carbon dioxide appears to enhance coal conversion; however, gas and water yields are increased indicating possible water gas shift-hydrocarbon synthesis reactions. In the bench-scale studies, the rejuvenation of spent catalyst with acid and carbon burn-off produced catalytic activity akin to fresh and catalyst in a 12 day evaluation. A 14 day study of the addition of high concentrations of CO2 to a sub-bituminous coal liquefaction system demonstrated the occurrence of water gas shift hydrocarbon synthesis reactions and conversely higher coal conversions and distillate yields with high hydrogen consumptions. Preparations for a PDU Demonstration Run on Black Thunder Mine coal are underway. The British Coal Filtration Process will be used for solid separation. The results of microautoclave scale tests on Illinois, Ohio and Black Thunder Mine coals were reviewed and statistically analyzed to provide a sound basis for kinetic interpretation.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third Quarterly Technical Progress Report under DOE Contract DE-AC22-89PC89883. Three major topics are reported: (1) Feed coals and process oils form Wilsonville Run 259 were analyzed to provide information on process performance. Run 259 was operated in the catalytic/catalytic Close-Coupled Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction (CC-ITSL) mode with ash recycle. Feed coals were conventionally cleaned and deep cleaned coal from the Ireland Mine (Pittsburgh seam). The catalyst used in both reactors was Shell 324 for most of the run; Amocat IC was used for start-up and (unstable) period A. (2) A special set of samples from Wilsonville Runs 258 and 259 was analyzed to provide clues for the cause of interstage deposition problems during Run 258, which was operated with subbituminous coal. (3) Eight technical sites were visited to provide input to the Analytical Needs Assessment and to refine ideas for proposed research under the Participants Program. The site visits are summarized. 11 refs., 18 figs., 27 tabs.
Download or read book Low-severity Catalytic Two-stage Liquefaction Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI) is conducting a program for the United States Department of Energy (DOE) to evaluate a Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process. This program which runs through 1987, is a continuation of an earlier DOE sponsored program (1983--1985) at HRI to develop a new technology concept for CTSL. The earlier program included bench-scale testing of improved operating conditions for the CTSL Process on Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal and Wyoming sub-bituminous coal, and engineering screening studies to identify the economic incentive for CTSL over the single-stage H-Coal/reg sign/ Process for Illinois No. 6 coal. In the current program these engineering screening studies are extended to deep-cleaned Illinois coal and use of heavy recycle. The results from this comparison will be used as a guide for future experiments with respect to selection of coal feedstocks and areas for further process optimization. A preliminary design for CTSL of Illinois deep-cleaned coal was developed based on demonstrated bench-scale performance in Run No. 227-47(I-27), and from HRI's design experience on the Breckinridge Project and H-Coal/reg sign/ Process pilot plant operations at Catlettsburg. Complete conceptual commercial plant designs were developed for a grassroots facility using HRI's Process Planning Model. Product costs were calculated and economic sensitivities analyzed. 14 refs., 11 figs., 49 tabs.
Download or read book Integrated Two-stage Coal Liquefaction Batch Catalyst Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
