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Author : Katja Lohmann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (254 download)
Download or read book Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability and the Subtropical-tropical Cells written by Katja Lohmann and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Carina Saxton Young
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (642 download)
Download or read book Decadal Variability of the Pacific Subtropical Cells and Equatorial Sea Surface Temperature written by Carina Saxton Young and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates possible dynamical pathways through which variability in the extra-tropical Pacific Ocean influences decadal fluctuations of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST). Specifically, we examine the hypothesis that low-frequency changes in the Pacific‟s meridional subtropical cells (STCs), which transport subsurface water masses equatorward from the extra-tropical into the tropical Pacific upwelling system, modulate decadal variations of the equatorial SST. The relationship between the STCs and equatorial Pacific SST anomalies is explored statistically using the monthly hindcast output from the Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) for the Earth Simulator (OFES). We find that decadal variability of the subsurface heat transport of the southern branch of the STC is more closely correlated (R = -0.74) with eastern equatorial SST anomalies on timescales longer than 8 years. The northern branch of the STC is overall not well correlated with equatorial SSTa; however, we find that in the period before the 1976 climate shift, the northern cell is more strongly and significantly correlated with equatorial SSTa (R = -0.89,>99%), while the southern cell is not (R = -0.32). The physical significance of these findings remain unclear and requires isolating mechanisms that could lead to an asymmetry in the role of the northern and southern STC in modulating eastern equatorial SSTa during different states of the Pacific climate. This will be a critical step to attribute physical significance to the statistical changes observed before and after the 1976 climate shift.
Author : Neven-Stjepan Fuckar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (533 download)
Download or read book Elements of Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability written by Neven-Stjepan Fuckar and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Amy J. Bratcher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (52 download)
Download or read book Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability and Global Warming written by Amy J. Bratcher and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : S. F. B. Tett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (173 download)
Download or read book Interannual and Decadal Variability in the Tropical Pacific written by S. F. B. Tett and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G.J. Goni
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080534899
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Interhemispheric Water Exchange in the Atlantic Ocean written by G.J. Goni and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-12 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent results from modeling and observational studies demonstrate that the tropical Atlantic is a critical region for processes that maintain the meridional overturning circulation, such as cross-equatorial exchanges, and for sea surface temperature variability that impacts on climate variability of the coupled tropical ocean/atmosphere system. The theme of this book is the inter-hemispheric and inter-gyre exchanges of heat, salt and fresh water, while its goal is to improve the knowledge of the tropical Atlantic dynamics and how it affects the global ocean. A clear understanding of the dynamics of processes that affect the flow of mass and heat between the southern and the northern hemispheres in the upper few hundred meters in the tropical Atlantic and of those associated to the ocean circulation or to surface signals, from decadal, inter-annual to mesoscale periods, becomes necessary to better evaluate their contribution to the interhemispheric mass exchange. These processes are believed to be largely responsible in driving the sea surface temperature, which in turn, is a critical parameter to investigate ocean-atmospheric interactions. Output produced by regional models is also used to complement the observations and to provide additional information on their spatial and temporal variability. The subtropical cells, by bringing water masses subducted in the subtropics to the equator, and zonal currents investigated here contribute to the interhemispheric water exchange. Special attention is also given to the warm and salty anticyclonic rings shed by the North Brazil Current, which are now known to have a much broader impact, not only on interhemispheric water mass transfer, but also on the environment of remote regions. Observations from different sources are blended together, are used to validate model outputs and are also assimilated into models to obtain a more complete and accurate picture of the oceanic circulation and of its time evolution.
Author : Sang-Wook Yeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability and ENSO Amplitude Modulation in a CGCM written by Sang-Wook Yeh and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael Rollings
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Pacific Decadal Variability and Recent Tropical Expansion written by Michael Rollings and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The latitudinal extent of the tropics is of great consequence because it affects agricultural production, water supply, storm frequency, and other factors of socioeconomic importance. The tropics can be defined by climatological metrics such as Hadley cell width, and observations show that the tropics have been expanding poleward since 1979.Tropical width is influenced by both anthropogenic forcing and patterns of large-scale internal climate variability, and the tropics have been expanding faster than coupled models forced with historic levels of anthropogenic forcing. The relative importance of each expansion mechanism has remained unclear since it is difficult to separate the signals of long-term variability, short-term variability, and climate change. Here, we have used statistically-separate patterns of sea surface temperature variability to analyze observations and design general circulation model experiments that isolate the respective roles of internal variability and climate change in recent tropical expansion, allowing us to quantify the influence of Pacific variability on Hadley cell width by timescale. When global warming is defined as independent of natural variability, we find an observed sensitivity of tropical width to global warming that agrees with coupled model experiments. Wealso find a strong correlation between long-term North Pacific variability and Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell extent in observations which cannot be reproduced in prescribed sea surface temperature general circulation model experiments. Conversely, we find a weaker observed relation between El Niño and the Hadley circulation when compared to simulations run with El Niño-like sea surface temperature boundary conditions. The dynamical relation between the Hadley cell and El Niño is generally well understood, but the relative importance of long-term oceanic variability for the general circulationremains unclear because it is difficult to produce the observed trends in simulations with prescribed sea surface temperature"--
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Recent Changes in the Pacific Subtropical Cells Inferred from an Eddy-Resolving Ocean General Circulation Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study the subtropical cells (STC) in the Pacific Ocean are analyzed using an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model driven by atmospheric forcing for the years 1992-2003. In particular, the authors seek to identify decade changes in the STCs in the model and to compare them with observations in order to understand the consequences of such changes for the equatorial ocean heat and mass budgets. The simulation shows a trend toward increasing pycnocline volume transport at 9 deg N and 9 deg S across the basin from 1992 to 2003. This increase [4.9 plus or minus 1.0 Sv (Sv = 106 cu m/s)] is in qualitative agreement with observations and is attributed primarily to changes in the interior ocean transport, which are partially compensated by opposing western boundary transports. The subtropical meridional volume transport convergence anomalies in the model pycnocline are found to be consistent with anomalous volume transports in both the observed and modeled Equatorial Undercurrent, as well as with the magnitude of simulated anomalous upwelling transport at the base of the mixed layer in the eastern Pacific. As a result of the increased circulation intensity, heat transport divergence through the lateral boundaries of the tropical control volume (defined as the region between 9 degrees N and 9 degrees S, and from the surface to = 25.3 isopycnal) increases, leading to a cooling of the tropical upper ocean despite the fact that net surface heat flux into the control volume has increased in the same time. As such, these results suggest that wind-driven changes in ocean transports associated with the subtropical cells play a central role in regulating tropical Pacific climate variability on decadal time scales.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309444640
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Author : Vikram M. Mehta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351052896
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Natural Decadal Climate Variability written by Vikram M. Mehta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural decadal climate variability (DCV) and its interactions with anthropogenic climate change (ACC) are vitally important to understand to predict the future of the Earth’s climate. This book, after familiarizing readers with the importance of understanding and predicting DCV phenomena and its distinction from ACC phenomena, comprehensively explains the physics of DCV, integrating paleoclimate proxy and modern instrument-based data and simulations with climate models. Features of this book: Uniquely focuses on natural DCV, its physics, and its predictability Presents an integrated view of DCV phenomena based on approximately 700 peer-reviewed publications cited in the book Includes research on influences of decadal variability in solar emissions on the Earth’s climate, with a historical perspective going back several centuries Describes progress in decadal climate predictability and prediction research, with a historical perspective on weather and climate predictability research This book is an excellent resource for graduate students, faculty members and other teachers and researchers, and anyone who is interested in learning about a very important component of the puzzle of the changing climate. "This book provides a comprehensive review.... Highlighted throughout the book are potential links between DCV and solar variability, a fascinating topic that has engaged our minds for centuries. Written by an expert with more than 30 years’ experience, this book should be an invaluable resource for students and researchers interested in how our climate will evolve over the coming decades." Doug Smith, Decadal Climate Prediction Leader, Meteorological Office Hadley Centre, UK "This book is a tour de force by the author who has spent his career studying decadal climate variability. He brings new insights to the vast scope of this topic, providing clearly understandable descriptions of the various aspects." Gerald Meehl, Senior Scientist, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Colorado, USA
Author : Matthew H. Rogers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)
Download or read book The Pacific Decadal Precession and and Its Relationship to Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability in CMIP6 Models written by Matthew H. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : 陳紹強
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Role of Subsurface Temperature Anomalies in Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability written by 陳紹強 and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sang-Wook Yeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book On the Relationship Between the Interannual and Decadal SST Variability in the North Pacific and Tropical Pacific Ocean written by Sang-Wook Yeh and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Henry F. Diaz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402029446
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book The Hadley Circulation: Present, Past and Future written by Henry F. Diaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-05 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines potentially important factors that may have affected the Hadley and Walker Circulations and evaluates changes in the Hadley Circulation and the monsoons as simulated by coupled models of past climate conditions, and predicted future conditions under an enhanced greenhouse effect. This book is meant to serve as a fundamental reference work for current and future researchers, graduate students in the atmospheric sciences and geosciences, and climate specialists involved in interdisciplinary research.
Author : Tianyi Sun (Ph. D.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Understanding the Role of Stochastic Atmospheric Forcing in Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability and ENSO Modulation written by Tianyi Sun (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdecadal variability of the tropical Pacific affects global hydroclimate and ecosystem and is suggested to modulate global mean temperature in the past century. It has been long acknowledged that Pacific decadal variability can be generated in the extratropics through integration of stochastic atmospheric forcing by the ocean mixed layer. However, it remains unclear how the extratropical signal propagates into the tropical Pacific and forms a basin-wide anomaly pattern and how the resultant tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) interacts with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the dominant mode of interannual climate variability. To answer this question, a suite of climate model experiments is conducted with small time-invariant surface heat flux anomalies associated with the leading atmospheric modes in the extratropical South and North Pacific. The results show that subtropical ocean-atmosphere anomalies driven by the surface heat flux forcing propagate into the tropical Pacific mainly through thermodynamic ocean-atmosphere interactions, with ocean dynamics playing an important role in modifying the equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) response. The associated changes in the tropical Pacific mean state not only extend climate anomalies into the other hemisphere through atmospheric teleconnections, but also significantly affect the properties of ENSO. In particular, the ENSO-like TPDV affects the relative frequency of El Niño and La Niña. To investigate the causality and mechanism of this linkage, a separate set of climate model experiments is conducted by imposing surface heat flux anomalies associated with the ENSO-like TPDV in the tropical Pacific. The forced mean state change affects the frequency of El Niño and La Niña events by modulating the SST contrast between the tropical Pacific and the Indian/Atlantic Oceans and associated zonal wind anomalies in the western Pacific. This study presents in detail the atmospheric and oceanic mechanisms by which extratropical atmospheric forcing induces basin-wide coherent patterns of TPDV that can further affect ENSO characteristics, which has not been systematically studied in fully coupled climate models. The results also show that the tropical Pacific is more strongly influenced by the South Pacific through both thermodynamic processes and ocean dynamics. The strong oceanic linkage to the South Pacific allows delayed negative oceanic feedback to effectively affect the equatorial Pacific SST, which may be important for setting up the time scales of TPDV
Author : Jason C. Furtado
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (74 download)
Download or read book On the Uncertainties and Dynamics of Pacific Interannual and Decadal Climate Variability and Climate Change written by Jason C. Furtado and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical and extratropical Pacific decadal climate variability substantially impact physical and biological systems in the Pacific Ocean and strongly influence global climate through teleconnection patterns. Current understanding of Pacific decadal climate variability centers around the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Aleutian Low (AL), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). However, recent literature has highlighted the emerging roles of secondary modes of variability of the tropical and extratropical Pacific atmosphere and ocean in global climate change: the Central Pacific Warming (CPW) phenomenon, the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). This work analyzes the statistics and uncertainties behind Pacific interannual and decadal-scale climate variability, and focuses on better understanding the roles of the CPW, NPO, and NPGO in the climate system.
