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Trends In Welfare Work And The Economic Well Being Of Female Headed Families With Children
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Book Synopsis Trends in Welfare, Work and Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children: 1987-2006 by : Thomas Gabe
Download or read book Trends in Welfare, Work and Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children: 1987-2006 written by Thomas Gabe and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trends in Welfare, Work, and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children by : Thomas Gabe
Download or read book Trends in Welfare, Work, and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children written by Thomas Gabe and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sure to raise the hackles of many across the nation is any mention of welfare and federal entitlement programs. All agree that no one should be on welfare, but the question is what to do about those who really need the income provided by the federal government. In 1996, welfare reform legislation enacted the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, which is a block grant provided to the state with a chief purpose of ending the dependence of needy families on government assistance. Among the principal groups impacted by the welfare reform legislation are female headed families with children. Recent analyses have revealed that single mothers are more likely to be working than in the past and that welfare receipt among poor families with women at the head has declined. Despite these trends, single mothers' net income has shown no increase, suggesting that full-time work may not be enough to eliminate poverty and welfare dependency among female families. This book reports on several current trends in the economic status of female headed families, providing an overview of federal programs and their effects along with several useful charts based on Census Bureau information. The combination of statistics and evaluation make for an important contribution to the study of initiatives to defeat poverty and income deficiencies in a significant part of the population.
Book Synopsis Trends in Welfare, Work and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children , January 9, 2001 by : Thomas Gabe
Download or read book Trends in Welfare, Work and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children , January 9, 2001 written by Thomas Gabe and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trends in Welfare, Work and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children by :
Download or read book Trends in Welfare, Work and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trends in Welfare, Work and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children by : Thomas Gabe
Download or read book Trends in Welfare, Work and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Families with Children written by Thomas Gabe and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Congressional Research Congressional Research Service Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781505203295 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (32 download)
Book Synopsis Welfare, Work, and Poverty Status of Female- Headed Families with Children by : Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
Download or read book Welfare, Work, and Poverty Status of Female- Headed Families with Children written by Congressional Research Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteen years have passed since repeal of what was the nation's major cash welfare program assisting low-income families with children, the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, and its replacement with a block grant of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). This report focuses on trends in the economic well-being of female-headed families with children, the principal group affected by the replacement of AFDC with TANF. Female-headed families and their children are especially at risk of poverty, and children in such families account for well over half of all poor children in the United States. For these reasons, single female-headed families continue to be of particular concern to policymakers. The report details trends in income and poverty status of these families, prior and subsequent to enactment of the 1996 welfare reform law and other policy changes. The report focuses especially on welfare dependency and work engagement among single mothers, a major dynamic that welfare reform and accompanying policy changes have attempted to affect. It also examines the role of programs other than TANF in providing support to single female-headed families with children. CRS analysis of 27 years of U.S. Census Bureau data shows that there has been a dramatic transformation with regard to welfare, work, and poverty status of single mothers. The period has seen a marked structural change in the provision of benefits under a number of programs that contribute to the fabric of the nation's "income safety net." In turn, single mothers' behavior has changed markedly over the period; more mothers are working and fewer are relying on cash welfare to support themselves and their children. In the years immediately preceding 1996 welfare reform, and in the years since, the nation's income safety net has been transformed into one supporting work. Cash-welfare work requirements, the end of cash welfare as an open-ended entitlement by limiting the duration that individuals may receive federally funded benefits, and expanded earnings and family income supplements administered through the federal income tax system have helped to change the dynamics between work and welfare. The transformed system has helped to both reduce single mothers' reliance on traditional cash welfare and reduce poverty among their children. Poverty under the official U.S. poverty measure, which is based on pre-tax cash income, shows that since 2000, which marked a historical low, the poverty rate among single mothers increased in step with two recessions. By 2010, the official poverty rate for single mothers had reached a post-2000 high, and remained at that level through 2012, before falling somewhat in 2013. In 2013, the official poverty level was still below pre-1996 welfare reform levels, despite two recessions since 1996.
Book Synopsis Trends in Welfare, Work, and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Familes with Children by : Thomas Gabe
Download or read book Trends in Welfare, Work, and the Economic Well-being of Female-headed Familes with Children written by Thomas Gabe and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trends in Welfare, Work and the Economic Well-Being of Female-Headed Families with Children by :
Download or read book Trends in Welfare, Work and the Economic Well-Being of Female-Headed Families with Children written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welfare reform legislation, signed into law in 1996 as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) (P.L. 104-193), replaced the 61 year-old Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, a federal entitlement program for low-income families with children. In place of AFDC, the law created the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, a federal block grant program providing resources to the states. TANF eliminated the federal entitlement to assistance that existed under AFDC and gave states increased flexibility to run programs to assist needy families with children. A major purpose of TANF is to end dependence of needy families on government assistance by promoting job preparation, work, and marriage. This report examines trends in welfare, work and economic well-being of femaleheaded families with children, the principal group affected by the replacement of AFDC with TANF. The report presents analysis of 14 years of U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey (CPS) data, the principal source of information for U.S. family income and poverty statistics. The beginning of the analysis period precedes the Family Support Act of 1988, the last major nationwide welfare reform law passed by Congress before TANF. The analysis spans the run-up in welfare caseloads that began in 1989 and the historic caseload declines that have followed since reaching an all-time high in early 1994. Over the period studied, a variety of economic, demographic, and public policy and program changes, besides TANF, are likely to have affected welfare, work and the economic well-being of single-mother families. This report does not attempt to untangle these possible effects. The analysis shows that there has been a dramatic transformation with regard to welfare, work and poverty status of single mothers over the past 14 years. Many of these changes began before the passage and implementation of TANF, but have continued, perhaps to an even greater extent, since. The analysis shows that single mothers are more likely to be working in recent than in past years, and that they are less likely to receive cash welfare or to be poor. However, reductions in poverty have not been as large as the large declines in welfare and the increased rates of work that have occurred. The analysis indicates that welfare receipt rates among poor families headed by single mothers have dropped considerably. Among single mothers whose incomes place them in the bottom fifth of all such mothers, income from earnings supplemented by the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) has grown markedly since 1993, but not until 2000 have these gains been sufficient to offset losses in cash welfare and food stamps that have occurred in each year since 1994. The report suggests that full-time full-year work may be necessary, but not sufficient, to raise single mothers' family incomes above poverty. U.S. income support policy will continue to be challenged to promote economic self-support through work and to reduce poverty and welfare dependency among families headed by single mothers. This may be especially true given the weakened state of the current economy.
Book Synopsis Public Assistance, Female Headship, and Economic Well-being by :
Download or read book Public Assistance, Female Headship, and Economic Well-being written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Family and Child Well-being After Welfare Reform by : Douglas Besharov
Download or read book Family and Child Well-being After Welfare Reform written by Douglas Besharov and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their historic high in 1994, welfare caseloads in the United States have dropped an astounding 59 percent--more than 5 million fewer families receive welfare. Family and Child Well-Being after Welfare Reform, now in paperback, explores how low-income children and their families are faring in the wake of welfare reform. Contributors to the volume include leading social researchers. Can existing surveys and other data be used to measure trends in the area? What key indicators should be tracked? What are the initial trends after welfare reform? What other information or approaches would be helpful? The book covers a broad range of topics: an update on welfare reform (Douglas J. Besharov and Peter Germanis); ongoing major research (Peter H. Rossi); material well-being, such as earnings, benefits, and consumption (Richard Bavier); family versus household (Wendy D. Manning); fatherhood, cohabitation, and marriage (Wade F. Horn); teenage sex, pregnancy, and nonmarital births (Isabel V. Sawhill); child maltreatment and foster care (Richard J. Gelles); homelessness and housing (John C. Weicher); child health and well-being (Lorraine V. Klerman); nutrition, food security, and obesity (Harold S. Beebout); crime, juvenile delinquency, and dysfunctional behavior (Lawrence W. Sherman); drug use (Peter Reuter); mothers' work and child care (Julia B. Isaacs); and the activities of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (Don Winstead and Ann McCormick). When welfare reform was first debated, many people feared that it would hurt the poor, especially children. The contributors find little evidence to suggest this has occurred. As time limits and other programmatic requirements take hold, more information will be needed to assess the condition of low-income families after welfare reform. This informative volume establishes a baseline for that assessment.
Book Synopsis Welfare, Work, and Well-Being by : Mary Clare Lennon
Download or read book Welfare, Work, and Well-Being written by Mary Clare Lennon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-09-06 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the ways that work, welfare, and material hardship affect the mental health of low-income women! Welfare, Work, and Well-Being reflects a growing interest among the research, policy and media communities in the connections between the psychological and economic well-being of poor women and their families. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) of 1996, and the sharp declines in welfare caseloads that began even prior to the legislation, have changed the lives of poor women and children in critical ways. The social scientists in this volume investigate the associations among welfare, work, social roles, child well-being, material hardship, and women's mental health. Through careful and pointed analysis, the authors illustrate the important implications and challenges for future programs and policies. Demonstrating some of the most significant and up-to-date research, Welfare, Work, and Well-Being is a must for anyone who is interested in the impact of welfare reform on the lives of low-income women and children. Welfare, Work, and Well-Being addresses: symptoms of depression among women on welfare the ways that receiving welfare during her child rearing years can later affect a mother's physical and psychological health the well-being of 425 “able-bodied” women and men who lost cash assistance benefits when Michigan's General Assistance program ended the symptoms of depression and hopelessness in single mothers on and off welfare the importance of considering the issues of health and domestic violence for women transitioning from welfare to work financial strain, maternal depressive affect, and parenting stress among current welfare recipients and former recipients who are employed the relationship between work and depressive symptoms for poor single mothers who have experienced homelessness the relationship between food insufficiency and health in single female welfare recipients With helpful charts, figures, and tables, Welfare, Work, and Well-Being puts up-to-date research (and thoughtful examinations of its implications) where it belongs--in your hands!
Book Synopsis For Better and For Worse by : Greg J. Duncan
Download or read book For Better and For Worse written by Greg J. Duncan and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2002-01-17 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1996 welfare reform bill marked the beginning of a new era in public assistance. Although the new law has reduced welfare rolls, falling caseloads do not necessarily mean a better standard of living for families. In For Better and For Worse, editors Greg J. Duncan and P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale and a roster of distinguished experts examine the evidence and evaluate whether welfare reform has met one of its chief goals-improving the well-being of the nation's poor children. For Better and For Worse opens with a lively political history of the welfare reform legislation, which demonstrates how conservative politicians capitalize on public concern over such social problems as single parenthood to win support for the radical reforms. Part I reviews how individual states redesigned, implemented, and are managing their welfare systems. These chapters show that most states appear to view maternal employment, rather that income enhancement and marriage, as key to improving child well-being. Part II focuses on national and multistate evaluations of the changes in welfare to examine how families and children are actually faring under the new system. These chapters suggest that work-focused reforms have not hurt children, and that reforms that provide financial support for working families can actually enhance children's development. Part III presents a variety of perspectives on policy options for the future. Remarkable here is the common ground for both liberals and conservatives on the need to support work and at the same time strengthen safety-net programs such as Food Stamps. Although welfare reform-along with the Earned Income Tax Credit and the booming economy of the nineties-has helped bring mothers into the labor force and some children out of poverty, the nation still faces daunting challenges in helping single parents become permanent members of the workforce. For Better and For Worse gathers the most recent data on the effects of welfare reform in one timely volume focused on improving the life chances of poor children.
Author :National Research Council and Institute of Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309056896 Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis New Findings on Welfare and Children's Development by : National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
Download or read book New Findings on Welfare and Children's Development written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-02-16 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Single Mothers and Their Children by : Irwin Garfinkel
Download or read book Single Mothers and Their Children written by Irwin Garfinkel and published by Washington, D.C. : Urban Institute Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proportion of children living in households headed by single women is more than one in five. There is concern (and some evidence) that children of single parents are less likely to be successful adults. The book discusses the trends in public debate about this problem. In particular, it examines the issue of providing public assistance to such families and whether doing so fosters long-term welfare dependency.
Book Synopsis Changing Welfare by : Rachel A. Gordon
Download or read book Changing Welfare written by Rachel A. Gordon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-05-31 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with the sweeping changes that took place in public assistance programs at the end of the 20th century and the way in which the original and reformed versions of these programs relate to the well-being of children and their families. It is a valuable reference for practitioners and policymakers who are concerned with children and child-related issues, psychologists, sociologists, social workers, social program administrators, and students in psychology, social work, sociology, political science, and education.
Book Synopsis Work and Welfare as Determinants of Female Poverty and Household Headship by :
Download or read book Work and Welfare as Determinants of Female Poverty and Household Headship written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Specific Welfare Policies on Poverty by : Signe-Mary McKernan
Download or read book The Effect of Specific Welfare Policies on Poverty written by Signe-Mary McKernan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty rates in the United States fell from a 25-year high of 15.1 percent in 1993 to near record lows of 11.3 percent in 2000 and have since increased steadily to 12.7 percent in 2004 (U.S. Census Bureau 2004a). The poverty rates for children and for people in single female-headed families followed a similar pattern, although at considerably higher rates -- 17.8 percent and 30.5 percent in 2004, respectively (U.S. Census Bureau 2004a, 2004b). Many political leaders pointed to poverty rate declines along with increases in employment and falling welfare caseloads that occurred in the late 1990s as evidence that the 1996 federal welfare reform had been a success (Kaus 2001). During the late 1990s, however, there was concern that welfare reform was leading to increases in deep poverty (living below 50 percent of the poverty threshold) (e.g., Sherman et al. 1998, as cited in Haskins 2001), as deep poverty rates increased in 1996 and were unchanged in 1997 (U.S. Census Bureau 2004c). Deep poverty rates subsequently fell, however. While trends in poverty and deep poverty generated discussion and speculation about the effect of welfare reform on poverty and deep poverty, there is limited and mixed information on welfare reform's effect on these outcomes. Moreover, the literature provides no guidance on how specific welfare reform policies affect poverty and deep poverty. Some of the welfare reform policies implemented by states are hypothesized to increase poverty (e.g., family cap), while others are hypothesized to decrease poverty (e.g., increases in the earned income disregard). Thus, on net, one could find an overall reform effect of zero, when in fact specific policies have affected families' economic well-being, but in off-setting ways. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the effects of a rich and comprehensive set of specific welfare policies on poverty and deep poverty among women and children. We capture objective and detailed measures of states' policies by measuring policies individually, and in continuous values such as dollars, wherever possible. Nineteen specific policies are included in our analysis. These polices are grounded in a conceptual framework of how policies can influence poverty and are measured in great detail on a monthly basis from 1986 through 2000. Our approach leads to results that are robust to alternate specifications. Variation in welfare policies over time and across states enables us to measure the relationship between policy and poverty. States implemented changes to their welfare programs via welfare waivers in the early to mid-1990s and then used the flexibility provided by federal welfare reform's 1996 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program to further change policies. We also examine how the effects of these policies change over time, as there can be short-run mechanical effects that are simply due to changes in grant size and eligibility rules, for example, as well as medium-run behavioral responses as families alter their work effort in response to changes in program rules. In addition, we contribute to the literature by examining the impact of welfare reform on the economic well-being of children as well as adults. We use longitudinal data from the 1988, 1990, 1993, 1996, and 2001 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We use these panels to provide data from January 1988 through December 2002, allowing us to capture the period prior to the implementation of state waivers, during the implementation of state waivers, and after the 1996 federal welfare reform. Further, these data capture periods of strong and weak economic conditions. We use the Urban Institute's Welfare Rules and related databases to measure our welfare policies. Overall, we find evidence that more lenient eligibility requirements for welfare receipt and more generous financial incentives to work generally reduce deep poverty, as hypothesized. We also find evidence that eligibility requirements for welfare receipt and financial incentives to work affect poverty. Time limits are hypothesized to have ambiguous effects on poverty and our results suggest that some stricter time limit policies may lead to lower rates of deep poverty and poverty. Our findings are generally consistent with our hypotheses and are also consistent across our population of ever-single mothers and children of ever-single mothers.
