Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Transformation In Organic Matter And Nitrogenous Dbp Precursors Across The Urban Water System full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Transformation In Organic Matter And Nitrogenous Dbp Precursors Across The Urban Water System ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Jun Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (845 download)
Download or read book Transformation in Organic Matter and Nitrogenous DBP Precursors Across the Urban Water System written by Jun Wang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ran Zhao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Origins and Seasonal Variation of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors written by Ran Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed from the disinfectant (e.g., chlorine) reacting with components of natural organic matter (NOM) in water drawn from surface water supplies, and are considered as the cause of potential serious human health problems. DBP precursors originate in large reservoirs from at least three types of sources: (1) watershed or allochthonous, (2) algal or autochthonous, and (3) bottom sediments or benthic. The properties of the NOM and the DBP precursor content of that NOM are unique to each source. The first objective of this dissertation was to use temporal and spatial water quality data from a drinking water reservoir to shed light on autochthonous and benthic sources of NOM and DBP precursors. The second objective of this dissertation was to identify the seasonal variation and spatial fate of DBP precursors in a drinking water system located in a temperate environment where seasonal variations of surface water quality and water temperature are considerable. Organic matter released from plants is quite likely the most important fraction as potential DBP precursors, especially in heavily forested catchments. However, very few studies have been conducted on plant leachate as DBP precursors. The third objective of this dissertation was to characterize the organic matter that is released by plants, and examine their potentials to form DBPs under light, dark, and dark-with-biocide conditions. The final objective of this dissertation was to determine the comparative significance of DBP (i.e., trihalomethanes, dihaloacetic acids, and trihaloacetic acids) precursors released from profundal sediments of a water supply impoundment under aerobic, hypoxic, and anaerobic conditions.
Author : Clemens von Sonntag
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843393131
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)
Download or read book Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Clemens von Sonntag and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though ozone has been applied for a long time for disinfection and oxidation in water treatment, there is lack of critical information related to transformation of organic compounds. This has become more important in recent years, because there is considerable concern about the formation of potentially harmful degradation products as well as oxidation products from the reaction with the matrix components. In recent years, a wealth of information on the products that are formed has accumulated, and substantial progress in understanding mechanistic details of ozone reactions in aqueous solution has been made. Based on the latter, this may allow us to predict the products of as yet not studied systems and assist in evaluating toxic potentials in case certain classes are known to show such effects. Keeping this in mind, Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment: From Basic Principles to Applications discusses mechanistic details of ozone reactions as much as they are known to date and applies them to the large body of studies on micropollutant degradation (such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors) that is already available. Extensively quoting the literature and updating the available compilation of ozone rate constants gives the reader a text at hand on which his research can be based. Moreover, those that are responsible for planning or operation of ozonation steps in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants will find salient information in a compact form that otherwise is quite disperse. A critical compilation of rate constants for the various classes of compounds is given in each chapter, including all the recent publications. This is a very useful source of information for researchers and practitioners who need kinetic information on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, each chapter contains a large selection of examples of reaction mechanisms for the transformation of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fuel additives, solvents, taste and odor compounds, cyanotoxins. Authors: Prof. Dr. Clemens von Sonntag, Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, and Instrumentelle Analytische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and Prof. Dr. Urs von Gunten, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, and Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Author : Juliana R. Laszakovits
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Investigating the Impact of Permanganate Pre-oxidation on Dissolved Organic Matter During Drinking Water Treatment Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry written by Juliana R. Laszakovits and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in natural and engineered aquatic systems. DOM can be problematic during drinking water treatment due to its ability to scavenge oxidants and react with chlorine to form carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Drinking water treatment plant operators aim to minimize DBP formation by removing DOM (alum coagulation and activated carbon sorption) or altering DOM composition (permanganate oxidation). While permanganate pre-oxidation has been claimed widely to be an effective strategy to reduce DBP formation, its impact on drinking water treatment and subsequent DBP formation remains poorly understood. Here, a novel ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometric approach was used to characterize DOM by combining data from multiple ionization techniques to provide greater insight on DOM molecular level changes induced by treatment. In Chapter 2, this approach was applied along with Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy to understand which DOM components react with permanganate for two DOM isolates (a terrestrial isolate and a microbial isolate). Aromatic and nitrogenous components were found to react with permanganate and help explain previously observed trends between permanganate-DOM reaction rates and SUVA-254 values as well as why algal-derived DOM can efficiently scavenge permanganate. In Chapter 3, the impact of permanganate pre-oxidation on the response of DOM to subsequent treatments was investigated using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and bulk characterization techniques for three DOM isolates that represented different DOM source types: terrestrial, algal-impacted, and wastewater effluent-impacted. Permanganate pre-oxidation enhanced removal of aromatic components by coagulation and activated carbon sorption because it added negatively charged functional groups that interacted more favorably with sorption sites. It was also observed that complimentary treatments (i.e., coagulation followed by activated carbon sorption in that order) improved overall DOM removal by targeting different fractions. In Chapter 4, the impact of these changes to DOM during drinking water treatment operations on DBP formation by chlorine was investigated for four major classes of DBPs: volatile carbonaceous DBPs (trihalomethanes and haloketones), haloacetic acids, volatile nitrogenous DBPs (halonitriles and chloropicrin), and nitrosamines. The impact of permanganate pre-oxidation on DBP formation depended on the DOM isolate type. Permanganate pre-oxidation was able to reduce nitrogenous DBP formation when applied alone but its ultimate impact depended on subsequent treatments; permanganate pre-oxidation reduced the efficacy of subsequent treatments to reduce carbonaceous DBP formation. From the ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometric data obtained, two DBP precursor structures are proposed using insight gained from the multiple ionization techniques. This work highlights the advantage of using multiple ionization techniques coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to characterize DOM and provides molecular level insight for a more nuanced approach to managing DOM in drinking water treatment.
Author : Paula G. Coble
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521764610
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.
Author : Sylvia E. Barrett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-products Characterization and Control in Drinking Water written by Sylvia E. Barrett and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many by-products of water disinfection that are still not fully understood and can be potentially harmful. In this volume all the current research in this area is discussed, along with an examination of the role of NOM (natural organic matter) and its relationship to DBP (disinfection by-product) formation and control in drinking water. Understanding the relationship of NOM to DBP may well lead to new techniques for analyzing and treating water and enable reasonable choices to be made for source-water protection, treatment plant process optimization, and distribution system operation to control DBP's. This volume emphasizes the characterization and reactivity of polar natural organic matter. It examines analytical methods which better characterize NOM and determines some of the polar and nonvolatile DBP forms. It presents innovative new methods, sich as capillary electrophoresis for haloacetic aceids and LC/MS for the identification of polar dinking water DBPs.
Author : Kurt Carpenter
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781500495695
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (956 download)
Download or read book Sources and Characteristics of Organic Matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, Related to the Formation of Disinfection By-Products in Treated Drinking Water written by Kurt Carpenter and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study characterized the amount and quality of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, to gain an understanding of sources that contribute to the formation of chlorinated and brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs), focusing on regulated DBPs in treated drinking water from two direct-filtration treatment plants that together serve approximately 100,000 customers. The central hypothesis guiding this study was that natural organic matter leaching out of the forested watershed, in-stream growth of benthic algae, and phytoplankton blooms in the reservoirs contribute different and varying proportions of organic carbon to the river. Differences in the amount and composition of carbon derived from each source affects the types and concentrations of DBP precursors entering the treatment plants and, as a result, yield varying DBP concentrations and species in finished water. The two classes of DBPs analyzed in this study-trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)-form from precursors within the dissolved and particulate pools of organic matter present in source water.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309051428
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As demand for water increases, water managers and planners will need to look widely for ways to improve water management and augment water supplies. This book concludes that artificial recharge can be one option in an integrated strategy to optimize total water resource management and that in some cases impaired-quality water can be used effectively as a source for artificial recharge of ground water aquifers. Source water quality characteristics, pretreatment and recharge technologies, transformations during transport through the soil and aquifer, public health issues, economic feasibility, and legal and institutional considerations are addressed. The book evaluates three main types of impaired quality water sourcesâ€"treated municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, and irrigation return flowâ€"and describes which is the most consistent in terms of quality and quantity. Also included are descriptions of seven recharge projects.
Author : Simon Parsons
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843390175
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.
Author : Mehrnaz Mirzaei Barzi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494437469
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (374 download)
Download or read book Effect of Biofiltration on DBP Formation at Full-scale and Pilot-scale written by Mehrnaz Mirzaei Barzi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century chlorine has been a reliable disinfectant to reduce transmission of waterborne diseases in drinking water. Concerns about chlorination have increased since it was discovered in the 1970s that use of chlorine in drinking water produces trihalomethanes (THMs), when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter (NOM), which has been observed in increased levels in surface water during the past decades. THM and other disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as some of the haloacetic acids (HAAs) and some nitrosamines are considered probable human carcinogens by USEPA. Since DBPs are still formed even when using alternative disinfectants such as chloramines, treatment processes by which disinfection by-product precursors are removed continue to be studied. Many researchers have demonstrated that the use of pre-ozonation/biological processes in the production of drinking water has the potential to decrease levels of disinfection by-products in finished water more than conventional treatment alone. Two of the parameters which affect the efficiency of DBP precursor removal in biofilters are filter media and filter flow rate. In this research, the biofiltration process was examined using pilot-scale filters receiving ozonated water to determine the relative effectiveness of these parameters for influencing the removal of natural organic matter. The research presented in this thesis initially focuses on determining the effects of flow rate and filter media including GAC (granular activated carbon) and anthracite on decreasing the levels of THM, HAA and nitrosamine precursors in biologically active filters. In the second part, the performances of full-scale and pilot-scale filters at the Mannheim Water Treatment Plant were compared. THM and HAA precursor removal was found to decrease when loading rates were increased, likely due to associated shorter contact times in the filters. Also, higher THM and HAA precursor removal was always observed in the GAC filters than in the anthracite filters. However, removal of nitrosamines was not affected by flow rate or the type of filter media. In general, the pilot-scale filter performance was representative of full-scale filter performance, especially in regards to THM precursor and chlorine demand removal. Statistical evaluation and interpretation of the data for HAA and NDMA precursor removal was more difficult, likely due to the low concentrations of these DBPs which was near their method detection limits (MDLs) and also because of some operational problems with pilot filter #1. Despite these limitations, the results of this study add to the literature concerning the use of different types of media to support biofiltration and reduce DBP precursor concentrations during drinking water treatment.
Author : Jean-Phillipe Croue
Publisher : American Water Works Association
ISBN 13 : 1583210156
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water written by Jean-Phillipe Croue and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported on here sought to characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in dilute solutions and to isolate it without altering its properties, so that the effect of NOM in drinking water may be considered. Several NOM isolation methods were evaluated, including evaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and adsorption. The effects of such isolation procedures on NOM's chemical composition and reactivity were considered. Based on these studies, the report presents conclusions regarding the feasibility and adequacy of in situ and ex situ techniques. Croue is affiliated with Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau de l'Environment, Universite de Poiters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Author : Robert M. Clark
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 142890073X
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water written by Robert M. Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jiri Marsalek
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482288540
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Urban Water Cycle Processes and Interactions written by Jiri Marsalek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective management of urban water should be based on a scientific understanding of the impact of human activity on both the urban hydrological cycle - including its processes and interactions - and the environment itself. Such anthropogenic impacts, which vary broadly in time and space, need to be quantified with respect to local climate, urban d
Author : Xuan-Thanh Bui
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811332592
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies written by Xuan-Thanh Bui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses major technological advances in the treatment and re-use of wastewater. Its focus is on both novel treatment strategies and the modifications and adaptions of conventional processes to optimize the treatment of a complex variety of pollutants, including organic matter, chemicals and micropollutants in different water resources, as well as the integration of water treatment with bioelectricity production. Written by leading researchers in the field, it will be of interest to a wide range of researchers in both industry and academia.
Author : Sergi Sabater
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642309399
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book The Llobregat written by Sergi Sabater and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-06-02 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Llobregat belongs to the most thoroughly studied rivers in Europe and is a paradigm of the confluence of human and natural disturbances in a single basin. Because of its location in a very densely populated region and its Mediterranean character, the Llobregat supports a mixture of irregular flow, water abstraction, excess nutrients, mining debris, and a wide array of pollutants. The aquatic organisms strive to survive in a dramatically changing river that passes through a succession of dams, weirs and channels. The long-term river monitoring as well as the research that has been carried out in the river for a long time have provided an extensive knowledge of these disturbances and their effects on the biological communities. This book highlights the available information, with emphasis on the hydrological, chemical and biological elements interspersed in the river. Experts in the field discuss the main nutrient patterns and pollutant occurrence and the responses of the biological quality elements as well as the river ecosystem to the overall natural and man-made influences.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309679702
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York City's municipal water supply system provides about 1 billion gallons of drinking water a day to over 8.5 million people in New York City and about 1 million people living in nearby Westchester, Putnam, Ulster, and Orange counties. The combined water supply system includes 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes with a total storage capacity of approximately 580 billion gallons. The city's Watershed Protection Program is intended to maintain and enhance the high quality of these surface water sources. Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program assesses the efficacy and future of New York City's watershed management activities. The report identifies program areas that may require future change or action, including continued efforts to address turbidity and responding to changes in reservoir water quality as a result of climate change.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309224624
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Water Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.
