Transcriptional Regulation Of Heart Development And Function

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Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function

Author : Fei Lu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function by : Fei Lu

Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function written by Fei Lu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiac morphogenesis and the maintenance of cardiac physiology require complex and well-orchestrated cardiac transcription programs. Misregulation of cardiac transcription programs leads to severe developmental defects, and is associated with human congenital heart diseases (CHD). To better understand the transcription program governing normal heart development, my research focused specifically on two essential genes for vertebrate heart development: tbx20 that encodes a cardiac transcription factor and rtf1 that encodes a multifunctional transcription regulatory protein. First, I reported the identification of a zebrafish tbx20 null mutation that causes severe cardiac progenitor defects, highlighting a previously unappreciated role for Tbx20 in promoting vertebrate cardiogenesis. I also revealed a novel function of Tbx20 in enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation as a transcriptional activator. Second, I found that loss of Rtf1, a RNA polymerase II associated factor 1 (PAF1C) complex component, suppresses the cardiac transcription program and prevents the formation of cardiac progenitors. I discovered that Rtf1 controls cardiac progenitor formation and heart tube morphogenesis via two independent mechanisms: Rtf1 pushes multi-potent mesodermal cells to a cardiac fate through activating the cardiac transcription program and Rtf1 supports cardiomyocyte differentiation and heart tube morphogenesis by modulating the epigenome. Lastly, I found that cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of rtf1 in adult mouse heart leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Expression of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, myofibrillar proteins, mitochondrial proteins and ion channels were significantly downregulated in rtf1-deficent hearts, suggesting that Rtf1 is an important regulator of the cardiac gene program that maintains myofibril integrity and cardiac function. Taken together, my studies provide new insights into the regulation of cardiac transcription program in developing and mature myocardium, and presents new candidate genes for CHD and cardiac dysfunction in humans.

Heart Development

Author : Richard P. Harvey
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780123298607
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (986 download)

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Book Synopsis Heart Development by : Richard P. Harvey

Download or read book Heart Development written by Richard P. Harvey and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors. -- Preface. -- C. Seidman, Introduction. -- I. Origins and Early Morphogenesis: -- P.P.L. Tam and G.C. Schoenwolf, Cardiac Fate Maps: Lineage Allocation, Morphogenetic Movement, and Cell Commitment. -- T. Mikawa, Cardiac Lineages. -- II. Cardiac Induction: -- T.J. Mohun and L.M. Leong, Heart Formation and the Heart Field in Amphibian Embryos. -- T.M. Schultheiss and A.B. Lassar, Vertebrate Heart Induction. -- III. Genetic Dissection of Heart Development: -- R. Bodmer and M. Frasch, Genetic Determination in Drosophilia Heart Development. -- J. Alexander and D.Y.R. Stainier, Mutations Affecting Cardiac Development in Zebrafish. -- R.P. Harvey, C. Biben, and D.A. Elliott, Transcriptional Control and Pattern Formation in the Developing Vertebrate Heart: Studies on NK-2 Class Homeodomain Factors. -- B.L. Black and E.N. Olson, Control of Cardiac Development by the Family of MEF2 Transcription Factors. -- D. Srivastava, Segmental Regulation of Cardiac Development by the Basic He ...

Cardiac Regeneration

Author : Masaki Ieda
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319561065
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiac Regeneration by : Masaki Ieda

Download or read book Cardiac Regeneration written by Masaki Ieda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology offers a comprehensive and exciting, state-of-the-art work on the current options and potentials of cardiac regeneration and repair. Several techniques and approaches have been developed for heart failure repair: direct injection of cells, programming of scar tissue into functional myocardium, and tissue-engineered heart muscle support. The book introduces the rationale for these different approaches in cell-based heart regeneration and discusses the most important considerations for clinical translation. Expert authors discuss when, why, and how heart muscle can be salvaged. The book represents a valuable resource for stem cell researchers, cardiologists, bioengineers, and biomedical scientists studying cardiac function and regeneration.

Transcriptional Regulation During Heart Development

Author : Eric Matthew Small
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (569 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation During Heart Development by : Eric Matthew Small

Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation During Heart Development written by Eric Matthew Small and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Formation of the Heart and its Regulation

Author : Robert J. Tomanek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461202078
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Formation of the Heart and its Regulation by : Robert J. Tomanek

Download or read book Formation of the Heart and its Regulation written by Robert J. Tomanek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The `Formation of the Heart and its Regulation` reviews in considerable detail the major events in heart development and their control via genes, cell-cell interactions, growth factors and other contributing elements. In addition, there is an extensive and useful overview of the field of heart development taken as a whole. The book will appeal to all students and researchers working on cardiovascular development and to pediatric cardiologists.

Studies on the Transcriptional Regulation of the Cardiac Muscle-specific Gene Expression

Author : Yimin Zou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies on the Transcriptional Regulation of the Cardiac Muscle-specific Gene Expression by : Yimin Zou

Download or read book Studies on the Transcriptional Regulation of the Cardiac Muscle-specific Gene Expression written by Yimin Zou and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development

Author : Brian L. Nelms
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 161504048X
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development by : Brian L. Nelms

Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development written by Brian L. Nelms and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies

Cardiovascular Development

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080554385
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Development by :

Download or read book Cardiovascular Development written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-11-13 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1993, Rolf Bodmer described a gene he named tinman that was required for the formation of the dorsal aorta of the fly. Flies without a functional tinman gene had no heart. Quickly, mammalian counterparts of the tinman gene were identified and found to be expressed by early cardiomyogenic precursors and by cardiomyocytes throughout heart development. Since then, significant progress has been made in the understanding of molecular and genetic determinants of heart formation. An ever growing number of genes have been identified that are required for cardiogenesis, as evidenced by severe abnormalities in cardiac development produced by inactivation in the mouse or inhibition of gene function in other model organisms. Cardiovascular Development covers some of the latest research in the study of heart formation. Volume Editor Rolf Bodmer has assembled a world-class list of contributors whose research uses a variety of animal models and whose findings are certain to enhance our understanding of this exciting field. * Ties together the development of heart morphology and conduction system * The latest developments in vertebrate and invertebrate genetic model systems * Technological advancements in cardiovascular science

Heart Development and Disease

Author : Benoit G. Bruneau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781621823599
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis Heart Development and Disease by : Benoit G. Bruneau

Download or read book Heart Development and Disease written by Benoit G. Bruneau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Development of the heart is a complex process and can lead to serious congenital disease if the process goes awry. This book provides a detailed description of the cell lineages involved in heart development and how their migration and morphogenesis are controlled. It also examines the genetic and environmental bases for congenital heart disease and how model systems are revealing more about the processes involved"--

Regulation and Function of MEF2 in Cardiomyocytes

Author : Kamran Ebrahimian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation and Function of MEF2 in Cardiomyocytes by : Kamran Ebrahimian

Download or read book Regulation and Function of MEF2 in Cardiomyocytes written by Kamran Ebrahimian and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regular formation of the mammalian heart needs precise spatial and temporal transcriptional regulation of gene programs in ardiomyocytes. Cardiac transcription factors are defined, in this context, as essential transcriptional activators that are expressed predominantly in the myocardium which regulate the expression of the cardiac genes encoding structural proteins of cardiomyocytes. Unsurprisingly, disruptions in this elaborate transcriptional machinery can lead to severe cardiac abnormalities including hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In this field, Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factor is considered one of only a few core cardiac transcription factors that play important roles in cardiac development, survival, contractility, and in postnatal adaption to a wide array of physiological and pathological signals. MEF2 functions as a transcriptional switch by potently activating or repressing transcription through interaction with a variety of co-factors which serve as positive and negative regulators of transcription. The interaction of MEF2 with its co-factors is controlled by a multitude of signaling pathways that result in post-translational modification of MEF2 and in the subsequent MEF2-dependent repression or activation of target gene transcription. Our project studied regulation and function of MEF2A in cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that the combinatorial interactions between transcription factors and promoter elements that are required for the regulation of cardiac gene expression may operate in pathological cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy. Therefore, studying and characterizing the regulation of proteins which bind to MEF2A in cardiomyocytes may unravel the underlying dysregulation of the cardiac transcriptome in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. In this project, HL-1 cardiomyocytes have been chosen as a model of study. An agonist (Isoproterenol) was used to mimic cardiomyocytes hypertrophy in HL-1 cells. Isoproterenol activates adrenergic signaling which can trigger many mechanisms in the heart contributing to the hypertrophic phenotype. We developed two different methods to capture MEF2A interacting partners (interactome), including immunoprecipitation (IP) of endogenous MEF2A and IP of Flag-MEF2A proteins in normal and hypertrophy conditions. Our optimization will allow characterization of MEF2A interactome partners through state of the art quantitative proteomics approaches. In previous research, transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) from left ventricular RNA samples and MEF2A depleted cardiomyocytes identified some genes, including kf2, junb, alas2 and rarres2 which may have implications for cardiac hypertrophy. Our ChIP-qPCR data indicated that MEF2A is recruited to the rarres2 promoter in primary cardiomyocytes. Thus, rarres2 is a novel MEF2A target gene and further, it will be interesting to uncover functions of MEF2A interactome partners on rarres2 gene regulation in cardiac diseases. A study has indicated that klf2, junB, alas2, and rarres2 may have a role in promoting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in cultured HL-1 cells and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Taken together, this project developed the methods to study the characterization of MEF2A interactome in cardiomyocytes. Additionally, we showed the capacity of some MEF2 target genes, including rarres2 to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

Transcriptional Regulation of Cardiac Ventricular Development

Author : Stephanie Angelo Pierce
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (589 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation of Cardiac Ventricular Development by : Stephanie Angelo Pierce

Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Cardiac Ventricular Development written by Stephanie Angelo Pierce and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Regulation and Function of Transcription Factor MEF2C in Vascular Development

Author : Joshua Anderson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation and Function of Transcription Factor MEF2C in Vascular Development by : Joshua Anderson

Download or read book Regulation and Function of Transcription Factor MEF2C in Vascular Development written by Joshua Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blood vessel development in vertebrates starts early during embryogenesis with the de novo formation of blood vessels through the process of vasculogenesis. During vasculogenesis, endothelial progenitor cells coalesce into tubular structures. Pericytes and smooth muscle cells then surround these tubes to form functioning blood vessels. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors have been shown to play a critical role in the differentiation of cardiac and skeletal muscle. MEF2C is also expressed in several other cell types, including smooth muscle and endothelial cells, yet little is known about the transcriptional pathways in which MEF2C participates, particularly during vascular development. Before the research contained within this dissertation, no transcriptional targets of MEF2 proteins had been discovered in smooth muscle. However, we found a completely conserved MEF2 site upstream of the HRC transcriptional start site that proved to be necessary for expression of a lacZ transgene in skeletal, cardiac, and arterial smooth muscle; identifying HRC as the first known target gene of MEF2 in smooth muscle. We also found that this HRC enhancer was unresponsive to serum response factor (SRF), making HRC one of only a few smooth muscle genes known not to be a transcriptional target of SRF. To understand the transcriptional pathways that MEF2C participates in, we initiated an enhancer screen and used evolutionary conservation to identify multiple tissue-specific modular enhancers for mef2c . In this screen, we identified a skeletal muscle enhancer, an anterior heart field enhancer, three neural crest enhancers, and two endothelial enhancers at the mef2c locus. One of the enhancer fragments we discovered was a 5.6 Kb fragment that is sufficient to direct expression to both the neural crest and endothelium. We have subsequently separated the neural crest and endothelial elements into two independent enhancers and pared down the endothelial element to a mere 44 base pairs, which are both necessary and sufficient to direct expression of the lacZ reporter to endothelial cells. Within this 44 bp we have found two ETS factor binding sites and an E-Box that are necessary for endothelial expression, and we continue to search for other regulatory elements.

Molecular Mechanism of Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension

Author : Toshio Nakanishi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811511853
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanism of Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension by : Toshio Nakanishi

Download or read book Molecular Mechanism of Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension written by Toshio Nakanishi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on the molecular mechanism of congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension, offering new insights into the development of pulmonary circulation and the ductus arteriosus. It describes in detail the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and morphogenesis of the heart, lungs and ductus arteriosus, covering a range of topics such as gene functions, growth factors, transcription factors and cellular interactions, as well as stem cell engineering technologies. The book also presents recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of lung development, pulmonary hypertension and molecular regulation of the ductus arteriosus. As such, it is an ideal resource for physicians, scientists and investigators interested in the latest findings on the origins of congenital heart disease and potential future therapies involving pulmonary circulation/hypertension and the ductus arteriosus.

The Cell Biology of Stem Cells

Author : Eran Meshorer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441970371
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cell Biology of Stem Cells by : Eran Meshorer

Download or read book The Cell Biology of Stem Cells written by Eran Meshorer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. Their unique potential to self-renew and differentiate has turned them into an attractive model for the study of basic biological questions such as cell division, replication, transcription, cell fate decisions, and more. With embryonic stem (ES) cells that can generate each cell type in the mammalian body and adult stem cells that are able to give rise to the cells within a given lineage, basic questions at different developmental stages can be addressed. Importantly, both adult and embryonic stem cells provide an excellent tool for cell therapy, making stem cell research ever more pertinent to regenerative medicine. As the title The Cell Biology of Stem Cells suggests, our book deals with multiple aspects of stem cell biology, ranging from their basic molecular characteristics to the in vivo stem cell trafficking of adult stem cells and the adult stem-cell niche, and ends with a visit to regeneration and cell fate reprogramming. In the first chapter, “Early embryonic cell fate decisions in the mouse”, Amy Ralson and Yojiro Yamanaka describe the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation embryo and the current understanding of the source of the most immature stem cell types, which includes ES cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.

Cardiac Gene Expression

Author : Jun Zhang
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781617375149
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (751 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiac Gene Expression by : Jun Zhang

Download or read book Cardiac Gene Expression written by Jun Zhang and published by Humana. This book was released on 2011-10-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents both cutting-edge and established methods for studying cardiac gene expression. The protocols provide a template for solid research, and cover the process through screening, analysis, characterization, and functional confirmation of novel genes or known genes with a new function. The concluding section of the book highlights methods that facilitate overexpression or cardiac-specific targeted gene deletion.

Development of the Cardiac Conduction System

Author : Derek J. Chadwick
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470868031
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of the Cardiac Conduction System by : Derek J. Chadwick

Download or read book Development of the Cardiac Conduction System written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-01-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pacemaking and conduction system (PCS) is vital for generating and synchronizing the heart beat. Dysfunction of this system can be a direct cause of cardiac conduction disturbance, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. A wealth of information has been collected over many years on the unique histological, morphological and phenotypic characteristics of specialized cardiac tissues. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern development of the PCS are now starting to be understood. This book draws together contributions from an international and interdisciplinary group of experts working on both basic and clinical aspects of cardiac development. It features reviews of the structure and function of the developing PCS, discussion of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating embryological development of this system and studies on the fundamental basis of PCS pathology. The book also considers how novel therapeutic interventions based on understanding of the developmental biology of cardiac pacemaking and conduction tissues might ultimately impact on clinical medicine.

Transcriptional Regulation In Early Embryonic Development

Author : Stryder Meadows
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (659 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation In Early Embryonic Development by : Stryder Meadows

Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation In Early Embryonic Development written by Stryder Meadows and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcription factors are a class of proteins that function to regulate the expression of genes. During early development, their role is to provide the precise order of activation or suppression of genes that are required for the formation of an embryo. A major goal of a developing embryo is to establish a complete body plan that includes the development of all of the organ systems. Thus it is paramount that the correct genes are switched on or off to insure that all organ systems form. Our studies investigate the role of several transcription factors involved in coordinating the expression of genes that are essential for the development of skeletal muscle and blood vessels. In the formation of skeletal muscle, a class of transcription factors called the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) is known to promote the induction of the structural genes that comprise the skeletal muscle. In fact, the MRF family member, MyoD, has been termed the"master regulator"of skeletal muscle gene expression. However, a recently discovered transcription factor, MASTR, has been suggested to play a role in skeletal muscle development. Our studies of MASTR are the first to demonstrate that, in vivo, MASTR is necessary and sufficient to activate genes involved in the formation of skeletal muscle. Furthermore, MASTR cooperates with MRFs to induce skeletal muscle genes and therefore places MASTR among a group of transcription factors, such as the MRFs, that are essential regulators of skeletal muscle development. In vascular development, the Flk-1 gene is critical to the formation of blood vessels. Mice lacking Flk-1 do not produce angioblasts, the precursor cells that give rise to the endothelial cells that make up blood vessels. In our efforts to understand the regulation of this important vascular gene, we have discovered a new function of the Kruppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2) to activate Flk-1 expression. Moreover, we have identified a new Ets transcription factor (Etsrp) capable of inducing Flk-1 expression alone and in cooperation with KLF2. These findings uncover a novel mechanism by which KLF2 and Etsrp act to promote the expression of Flk-1 during embryonic vascular development.