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Transcriptional Regulation By Neuronal Activity
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Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity by : Serena Dudek
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity written by Serena Dudek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-24 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulation of gene transcription by neuronal activity is evident in a large number of neuronal processes ranging from neural development and refinement of neuronal connections to learning and response to injury. In the field of activity-dependent gene expression, rapid progress is being made that can impact these, and many other areas of neuroscience. This book offers an up-to-date picture of the field.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity by : Ramendra N. Saha
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity written by Ramendra N. Saha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the regulation of gene transcription by neuronal activity that is evident in a large number of neuronal processes ranging from neural development and refinement of neuronal connections to learning and response to injury. Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity: To the Nucleus and Back, 2nd edition illustrates how signals are transmitted to the nucleus in response to neuronal activity, which genes are regulated and how this is achieved, and how these changes in gene expression alter neuronal function. The aim of this second edition is to highlight key advances in the field since the first edition. The book is divided into four sections. The first highlights how signals get to the nucleus from the membrane in response to synaptic or neuronal activity. Included are chapters on the pathways that transmit signals from synapses to nuclei. The second section focuses on epigenetic regulatory processes of activity-induced gene transcription, an area that has exploded in the past few years. The third section navigates the role of activity-induced genes in physiological processes such as learning and memory, and human developmental disorders such as those associated with the autism spectrum. The fourth section highlights groundbreaking technological advances in the field, which have allowed activity-regulated transcription to be used as a tool to study learning and memory.
Book Synopsis Functional Significance of Neuronal Activity-dependent Transcriptional Regulation in the Nervous System by : Elizabeth Jennifer Hong
Download or read book Functional Significance of Neuronal Activity-dependent Transcriptional Regulation in the Nervous System written by Elizabeth Jennifer Hong and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of extrinsic environmental cues to modify the nervous system is critical both for the appropriate maturation of the nervous system, as well as for important adaptive functions of the mature brain, such as learning and memory. The discovery that, in response to sensory experience, neurotransmitter release at synapses and subsequent calcium influx into postsynaptic neurons lead to the synthesis of new gene products suggested a compelling mechanism by which long-lasting, use-dependent changes occur in the nervous system. Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the program of neuronal activity-regulated gene expression, direct evidence that the activity-dependent component of transcription per se is specifically important for nervous system development or function has been elusive. The first part of this thesis addresses this question through the development of a mutant mouse model in which the activity-dependent component of Bdnf expression is specifically disrupted. We find that mutation of the CaRE3/CRE (CREm) at endogenous Bdnf promoter IV by gene targeting results in an animal in which the neuronal activity-dependent component of Bdnf transcription in the cortex is selectively disrupted. CREm knock-in mice exhibit a reduction in the number of inhibitory synapses formed by cortical neurons in culture, a reduction in spontaneous inhibitory quantal transmission measured in acute brain slices, and a reduction in the level of inhibitory presynaptic markers in the cortex.
Book Synopsis Neuronal Activity-dependent Transcriptional Regulation of the Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecules Lrrtm1 and Lrrtm2 by : Stefanie Nicole Hayer
Download or read book Neuronal Activity-dependent Transcriptional Regulation of the Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecules Lrrtm1 and Lrrtm2 written by Stefanie Nicole Hayer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development by : Brian L. Nelms
Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development written by Brian L. Nelms and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies
Book Synopsis Regulation and Transcriptional Role of CRTC1 During Activity in Neurons by : Martina DeSalvo
Download or read book Regulation and Transcriptional Role of CRTC1 During Activity in Neurons written by Martina DeSalvo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long term memory is mediated by long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity that require new gene transcription for their persistence. Previous work has shown that neuronal CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 1 (CRTC1) plays a crucial role during learning and memory by regulating activity-dependent gene expression. We have shown that CRTC1 undergoes synapse-to-nucleus translocation to regulate transcription of CREB target genes in response to neuronal activity. In this thesis, we investigate the regulation and retrograde transport of CRTC1 in neurons and examine the nuclear role of CRTC1 in activity-dependent gene transcription. Our first goal was to identify the mechanisms by which CRTC1 responds to activity. We describe key synaptic processes necessary to trigger dephosphorylation of three serine residues that are required for dynein-mediated transport of CRTC1 to the nucleus. Our second goal was to understand the role of CRCT1 as a transcriptional coactivator. We use a combination of ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to understand how CRTC1 binding to CREB and other transcription factors correlates with changes in chromatin accessibility and transcription of activity-induced genes. Finally, we summarize a series of projects that attempt to elucidate how regulation of CRTC1's phosphorylation code may influence its function in neurons. These studies highlight the complexities of CRTC1 as an intrinsically disordered protein with 50 phosphorylated residues and a variety of potential interacting partners.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Synapse Development by Activity Dependent Transcription in Inhibitory Neurons by : Alan Robert Mardinly
Download or read book Regulation of Synapse Development by Activity Dependent Transcription in Inhibitory Neurons written by Alan Robert Mardinly and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuronal activity and subsequent calcium influx activates a signaling cascade that causes transcription factors in the nucleus to rapidly induce an early-response program of gene expression. This early-response program is composed of transcriptional regulators that in turn induce transcription of late-response genes, which are enriched for regulators of synaptic development and plasticity that act locally at the synapse.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nervous System by : Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nervous System written by Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella and published by . This book was released on 1990-07-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an up-to-date account of the latest research findings concerned with the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in neuronal and glial cells under different conditions. The book explores the cellular and neurobiological aspects of important phenomena of the nervous system and its role in health, disease and injury. Contributions from prominent scientists in the field address a variety of specific topics concerned with gene expression in the nervous system--from growth, hormonal and trophic factors to neural tissue reactions in injury or aging.
Book Synopsis Transcription Factors in the Nervous System by : Gerald Thiel
Download or read book Transcription Factors in the Nervous System written by Gerald Thiel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book to cover neural development, neuronal survival and function on the genetic level outlines promising approaches for novel therapeutic strategies in fighting neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Focusing on transcription factors, the text is clearly divided into three sections devoted to transcriptional control of neural development, brain function and transcriptional dysregulation induced neurological diseases. With a chapter written by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, this is essential reading for neurobiologists, geneticists, biochemists, cell biologists, neurochemists and molecular biologists.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation of Neuronal Differentiation in the Drosophila Central Nervous System by : Haluk Lacin
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Neuronal Differentiation in the Drosophila Central Nervous System written by Haluk Lacin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central nervous system is the most complex and highly organized tissue in animals; composed of thousands of neurites connected in specific and highly reproducible ways. My thesis research has focused on the generation of neuronal diversity: specifically how neurons adopt individual, often unique, identities. Work in many labs has revealed that a large set of transcription factors act in combinatorial manner to specify the fate of individual neurons or small groups of neurons. However, in most cases, it remains unclear how individual or specific combinations of transcription factors directly control the terminal differentiation of neurons via the regulation of different genes, such as neurotransmitters. My thesis work has focused on the identification and characterization of new members of the combinatorial code of transcription factor and on initial attempts to link these transcription factors to the expression and activity of genes that contribute directly to neuronal differentiation. In chapter 2, I describe the identification and characterization of Dbx, a homedomain-containing transcription factor, expressed in a mixture of progenitor cells and a subset of GABAergic interneurons. I show that Dbx is expressed in many interneurons that are sibling to motor neurons, and that Dbx is required to promote the development of these interneurons via cross-repressive interactions with Eve and Hb9, which are expressed in the sibling motor neurons. In chapter 3, I detail the identification of FoxD, a transcription factor that is positively regulated by the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Hb9 in the Drosophila CNS. FoxD is expressed in a subset of Hb9 positive neurons and also in all octopaminergic neurons in the Drosophila embryonic CNS. I have identified the enhancers that drive expression in these neurons and have recently generated two mutant alleles of foxD. Loss of foxD appears to result in hyperactivity, which is most pronounced in males. As octopamine is the fly equivalent of norepinephrine, these results suggest that FoxD may function in specific cells to regulate the synthesis and release of octopmaine. Thus, my thesis has identified two members of the combinatorial code of transcription factors that govern neuronal identity. In addition, it has begun to place the functions of these genes within the genetic regulatory hierarchy of this code and started to link the function of individual transcription factors to the regulation of terminal differentiation genes and animal behavior.
Book Synopsis Neuronal Activity Regulates the Nuclear Proteome to Promote Activity-Dependent Transcription by : Wendy Herbst
Download or read book Neuronal Activity Regulates the Nuclear Proteome to Promote Activity-Dependent Transcription written by Wendy Herbst and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation and plasticity of neuronal circuits relies on dynamic activity-dependent gene expression. While recent work has revealed the identity of important transcriptional regulators and of genes that are transcribed and translated in response to activity, relatively little is known about the cell biological mechanisms by which activity alters the nuclear proteome of neurons to link neuronal stimulation to transcription. Using nucleus-specific proteomic mapping in silenced and stimulated neurons, we uncovered an understudied mechanism of nuclear proteome regulation: activity-dependent proteasome-mediated degradation. We found that the tumor suppressor protein PDCD4 undergoes rapid stimulus-induced degradation in the nucleus of neurons. We demonstrate that degradation of PDCD4 is required for normal activity-dependent transcription, and that PDCD4 target genes include those encoding proteins critical for synapse formation, remodeling, and transmission. Our findings highlight the importance of the nuclear proteasome in regulating the activity-dependent nuclear proteome, and point to a specific role for PDCD4 as a regulator of activity-dependent transcription in neurons.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation by : Albert J. Courey
Download or read book Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation written by Albert J. Courey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation provides a concisediscussion of the fundamental concepts in transcription and itsregulation. Covers RNA polymerases, transcriptional machinery, mechanismsof transcriptional activation, the histone code hypothesis, theepigenetic control of transcription, and combinatorial control insignaling and development Features over 80 figures available to download online Chapters include comprehensive reading lists, boxeshighlighting theoretical concepts and experimental methods andproblems designed to build and test understanding
Book Synopsis Understanding Regulation of Immediate-early Gene Transcription in the Brain by : Carissa Janette Dunn
Download or read book Understanding Regulation of Immediate-early Gene Transcription in the Brain written by Carissa Janette Dunn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent neurodevelopmental and cognitive studies have described dysregulated expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) as a phenotype and suggest that it may underlie the etiology of increasingly common brain disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia. Transcription induced by neuronal activity involves the coordinated action of many different processes and factors acting at the membrane, in the cytoplasm, and in the nucleus. At the chromatin level, one of these factors is the histone variant H2A.Z. While this variant has known roles in memory consolidation and cerebellar development, it has been reported as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. As such, its contribution to transcriptional regulation remains elusive. The work presented here provides evidence supporting distinct roles of H2A.Z hypervariants, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, in transcriptional regulation of IEGs and demonstrates a regulatory mechanisms in which the incorporation of H2A.Z.2, not H2A.Z.1, in nucleosomes near the transcription start sites (TSS) of rapid IEGs is required for pausing of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II). At the cell-signaling level, activity-induced transcription is regulated by multiple calcium-dependent signaling cascades. It has been reported that the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is indispensable for rapid IEG transcription. However, much remains unclear about the involvement of other calcium-dependent signaling cascades in regulating expression of these genes. This study reports evidence supporting the idea that MAPK and Calcineurin (CaN) signaling pathways are both necessary for optimal expression of most rapid IEGs in response to neuronal activity. However, the extent to which each pathway contributes to expression varies from gene to gene. This study demonstrates variation in the contributions of individual factors (H2A.Z hypervariants) and processes (calcium-induced signaling pathways) to transcriptional regulation. The work herein highlights a need for regulatory mechanisms governing IEG expression to be investigated further at the individual gene level.
Book Synopsis Post-transcriptional Regulation of Neuronal Identity and Plasticity by : Sean O'Toole
Download or read book Post-transcriptional Regulation of Neuronal Identity and Plasticity written by Sean O'Toole and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurons have the difficult task of persisting throughout the life of the animal. This requires a rigid adherence to their highly specialized identity. Paradoxically, they must be flexible, able to modulate their properties in the face of a constantly shifting activity landscape. The work presented here suggests that these two critical processes depend (at least partially) on regulation through microRNAs. I have shown that proprioceptive sensory neurons display a decline in celltype specific gene expression as well as a loss of their specialized muscle afferents upon conditional ablation of the microRNA biogenesis enzyme Dicer. Also, demonstrated here is the fact that parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking cells employ mir-7 to modulate their intrinsic excitability during activity deprivation in culture, as well as sensory deprivation in vivo. These studies support a role for microRNAs in the maintenance of neuronal identity and the regulation of plasticity.
Book Synopsis Post-transcriptional Regulation on Neuronal Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein Reprograms Alternative Splicing in Neural and Muscular Cells by : Paul Lawrence Boutz
Download or read book Post-transcriptional Regulation on Neuronal Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein Reprograms Alternative Splicing in Neural and Muscular Cells written by Paul Lawrence Boutz and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections by : T. Di Meglio
Download or read book Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections written by T. Di Meglio and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulation of Synapse Development by the Activity-regulated Transcription Factor MEF2 by : Steven Willem Flavell
Download or read book Regulation of Synapse Development by the Activity-regulated Transcription Factor MEF2 written by Steven Willem Flavell and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To characterize the mechanisms by which MEF2 regulates synapse development, we perform a series of genome-wide analyses that identify the full complement of activity-regulated MEF2 target genes. The MEF2 targets identified in this context encode proteins with diverse functions at synapses, suggesting a broad role for MEF2 in synapse development and remodeling. Moreover, several MEF2 targets are mutated in human neurological disorders including epilepsy and autism-spectrum disorders. These analyses also reveal that neuronal activity leads to alternative polyadenylation site usage at many of the MEF2 target genes, resulting in the activity-dependent production of truncated mRNAs that may function to antagonize the activity of their full-length counterparts. Together, these experiments identify and characterize a MEF2-regulated program of gene expression that provides a link between neuronal activity and synapse development.
