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Trade Liberalization Between The Usa And Less Developed Countries
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Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization Between the USA and Less Developed Countries by : Pantelis Issidoros Pantelides
Download or read book Trade Liberalization Between the USA and Less Developed Countries written by Pantelis Issidoros Pantelides and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The USA Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) was implemented in 1976. Under this system tariffs charged on imports of manufactured and semi-manufactured products from developing countries were granted preferential tariff reductions in comparison with the most-favored-nation (MFN) duties charged on products from other sources. The objectives of this new system was to establish new international trade incentives that would contribute to raising the material wealth of the developing countries through trade rather than aid. This study offers a detailed description and a comprehensive discussion of the USA GSP and its relation to the operation of multinational companies"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Hard Bargaining Ahead by : Ernest H. Preeg
Download or read book Hard Bargaining Ahead written by Ernest H. Preeg and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1985 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A well-integrated volume which analyzes major trade problems and sets forth concrete, reasonable proposals for dealing with them." --Foreign Affairs North-South trade relations are deeply troubled. U.S. exports to developing countries declined by $19.2 billion for 1980-83, at the cost of some 1.1 million jobs in the U.S. export sector. Many developing countries, meanwhile, face financial crises that can only be resolved over the long run through resumed expansion of trade. In this volume, distinguished practitioners and academics identify specific policy objectives for the United States on issues that will be prominent in the proposed new round of GATT negotiations: adjustment of U.S. firms and workers to imports from developing countries, including sensitive sectors such as textile and steel; transition or "graduation" of the newly industrialized countries of East Asia and Latin America to a more reciprocal basis of access to markets; special benefits for the poorest or least developed countries; and preferential trading arrangements.
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization in the Western Hemisphere by :
Download or read book Trade Liberalization in the Western Hemisphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Globalization and Poverty by : Ann Harrison
Download or read book Globalization and Poverty written by Ann Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization by : Romain Wacziarg
Download or read book Trade Liberalization written by Romain Wacziarg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling two-volume collection presents the major literary contributions to the economic analysis of the consequences of trade liberalization on growth, productivity, labor market outcomes and economic inequality. Examining the classical theories that stress gains from trade stemming from comparative advantage, the selection also comprises more recent theories of imperfect competition, where any potential gains from trade can stem from competitive effects or the international transmission of knowledge. Empirical contributions provide evidence regarding the explanatory power of these various theories, including work on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, wages, and income inequality, as well as evidence on the effects of trade on firm productivity, entry and exit. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editor, the collection will to be an invaluable research resource for academics, practitioners and those drawn to this fascinating topic.
Book Synopsis The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty by :
Download or read book The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty looks at the complex relationships between economic growth, poverty reduction and trade, and examines the challenges that poor people face in benefiting from trade opportunities. Written jointly by the World Bank Group and the WTO, the publication examines how trade could make a greater contribution to ending poverty by increasing efforts to lower trade costs, improve the enabling environment, implement trade policy in conjunction with other areas of policy, better manage risks faced by the poor, and improve data used for policy-making.
Book Synopsis Trade Preferences to Small Developing Countries and the Welfare Costs of Lost Multilateral Liberalization by : Nuno Limão
Download or read book Trade Preferences to Small Developing Countries and the Welfare Costs of Lost Multilateral Liberalization written by Nuno Limão and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of preferential trade liberalization over the last 20 years has raised the question of whether it slows down multilateral trade liberalization. Recent theoretical and empirical evidence indicates this is the case even for unilateral preferences that developed countries provide to small and poor countries but there is no estimate of the resulting welfare costs. To avoid this stumbling block effect we suggest replacing unilateral preferences by a fixed import subsidy. We argue that this scheme would reduce the drag of preferences on multilateral liberalization and generate a Pareto improvement. More importantly, we provide the first estimates of the welfare cost of preferential liberalization as a stumbling block to multilateral liberalization. By combining recent estimates of the stumbling block effect of preferences with data for 170 countries and over 5,000 products we calculate the welfare effects of the United States, European Union and Japan switching from unilateral preferences to Least Developed Countries to the import subsidy scheme. Even in a model with no dynamic gains to trade we find that the switch produces an annual net welfare gain for the 170 countries ($4,354 million) and for each group: the United States, European Union and Japan ($2,934 million), Least Developed Countries ($520 million) and the rest of the world ($900 million).
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization Among Major World Trading Areas by : John Whalley
Download or read book Trade Liberalization Among Major World Trading Areas written by John Whalley and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a much needed quantitative response to the classic question of whogains and who loses in trade liberalization and shows how important the process is for the globaleconomy. It contributes significantly to the debate concerning trade between developed anddeveloping countries.John Whalley describes and uses a numerical general equilibrium model of worldtrade to explore issues in the area of trade liberalization among major world trading areas - theEuropean Economic Community, the United States, Japan, and developing countries. His book is uniqueboth in using this framework to analyze world trading patterns, and in considering a number oftrading areas simultaneously within the same model. It is able to quantify the merits of alternativeactions in international trade policy, the ways that the interests of the EEC, the United States,and Japan are similar and ways in which they differ, and show how the interests of less developedcountries are affected by various trade liberalization initiatives.Part I provides a description ofthe model, data sources and adjustments to basic data, and methods for specification and solution ofthe model. Part II presents results from model applications along with policy conclusions.Applications include analysis of tariff cutting formulae in the Toyko Round, an evaluation of theTokyo Round trade agreement, examination of incentives for a retaliatory trade protection 'war'between world trade blocs, and analysis of the impact of protectionist policies on North-Southtrade.John Whalley is Professor of Economics at the University of Western Ontario.
Book Synopsis International Trade, Competitive Advantage and Developing Economies by : Caf Dowlah
Download or read book International Trade, Competitive Advantage and Developing Economies written by Caf Dowlah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-30 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available research suggests that less developed countries have significant competitive advantage over developed countries in three major areas of international trade: agriculture, textiles and clothing (T&C), and cross-border labor mobility. Incidentally, these are also the trade sectors which experienced widespread protectionist measures, especially in developed world, for decade after decade. Under the World Trade Organization (WTO), which replaced the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) in 1995, much of the restrictions in T&C trade has been phased out, but still this sector faces much higher tariff and non-tariff barriers than any other manufacturing sector in world economy. The agricultural sector also experienced significant dismantling of deeply entrenched trade barriers under the WTO over the course of last two decades, but the sector still remains plagued with quite extensive domestic supports, export subsidies, and tariff barriers. At the same time, despite both theoretical expositions and empirical trends point to significant potential gains from cross-border labor mobility, the sector remains mired in a complex quagmire of economic and political restrictions around the world. Thus, all three sectors in which less developed countries have exports interests still remain less liberalized than the sectors in which developed countries have exports interests. This book provides an in-depth and up-to-date scholarly analysis of all three trade sectors—agriculture, T&C and cross-border labor mobility—with a penetrating scrutiny of historical backgrounds and developments, crosscurrents of interests and perspectives of both developed and developing countries, and evolving trade patterns and potentials in a more liberalized and globalized world economy. The book also identifies critical economic issues and options for less developed countries in the WTO negotiations for further liberalization of agriculture, T&C, and cross-border labor mobility. This volume will be an important point of reference for students, scholars, and practitioners of international trade, economic development, development economics, and WTO-related issues.
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization, Competition and the WTO by : Chris Milner
Download or read book Trade Liberalization, Competition and the WTO written by Chris Milner and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twelve chapters, presented by Milner (international economics, U. of Nottingham, UK) and Read (international economics, U. of Lancaster, UK), argue for the extension of the power of the WTO over policy areas and beyond border trade measures and analyze how to implement this agenda. Under the heading of trade liberalization, a group of chapters explore issues of market access in manufactures and agricultural goods on a multilateral or regional basis. Other contributions look at the links between competition and other industrial policies or interventions. Finally, contributors focus more specifically on the structure and actions of the World Trade Organization in policing the neoliberal system. The general tone of the work is uncritical and unquestioning acceptance of the WTO's agenda, with an occasional comment slipping in about possible harms to the world's poor. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Development, Trade, and the WTO by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Development, Trade, and the WTO written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's description: Developing countries are increasingly confronted with the need to address trade policy related issues in international agreements, most prominently the World Trade Organization (WTO). New WTO negotiations on a broad range of subjects were launched in November 2001. Determining whether and how international trade agreements can support economic development is a major challenge. Stakeholders in developing countries must be informed on the issues and understand how their interests can be pursued through international cooperation. This handbook offers guidance on the design of trade policy reform, surveys key disciplines and the functioning of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and discusses numerous issues and options that confront developing countries in using international cooperation to improve domestic policy and obtain access to export markets. Many of the issues discussed are also relevant in the context of regional integration agreements. Separate sections of the handbook summarize what constitutes sound trade policy; the major aspects of the WTO from a development perspective; policy issues in the area of merchandise trade and the liberalization of international transactions in services; protection of intellectual property rights and economic development; new regulatory subjects that are emerging in the agenda of trade talks; and enhancing participation of developing countries in the global trading system.
Book Synopsis World Development Report 2020 by : World Bank
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Developing Countries' Economic Growth by : Jason P. Norris
Download or read book The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Developing Countries' Economic Growth written by Jason P. Norris and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fair Trade for All: How Trade Can Promote Development by : Joseph E. Stiglitz
Download or read book Fair Trade for All: How Trade Can Promote Development written by Joseph E. Stiglitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-01 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics and author of the New York Times bestselling book Globalization and Its Discontents, Joseph E. Stiglitz here joins with fellow economist Andrew Charlton to offer a challenging and controversial argument about how globalization can actually help Third World countries to develop and prosper. In Fair Trade For All, Stiglitz and Charlton address one of the key issues facing world leaders today--how can the poorer countries of the world be helped to help themselves through freer, fairer trade? To answer this question, the authors put forward a radical and realistic new model for managing trading relationships between the richest and the poorest countries. Their approach is designed to open up markets in the interests of all nations and not just the most powerful economies, to ensure that trade promotes development, and to minimize the costs of adjustments. The book illuminates the reforms and principles upon which a successful settlement must be based. Vividly written, highly topical, and packed with insightful analyses, Fair Trade For All offers a radical new solution to the problems of world trade. It is a must read for anyone interested in globalization and development in the Third World.
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Globalization and Development by : José Antonio Ocampo
Download or read book Globalization and Development written by José Antonio Ocampo and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization and Development draws upon the experiences of the Latin American and Caribbean region to provide a multidimensional assessment of the globalization process from the perspective of developing countries. Based on a study by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), this book gives a historical overview of economic development in the region and presents both an economic and noneconomic agenda that addresses disparity, respects diversity, and fosters complementarity among regional, national, and international institutions. For orders originating outside of North America, please visit the World Bank website for a list of distributors and geographic discounts at http://publications.worldbank.org/howtoorder or e-mail [email protected].
Book Synopsis Finance & Development, September 2014 by : International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Download or read book Finance & Development, September 2014 written by International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter discusses various past and future aspects of the global economy. There has been a huge transformation of the global economy in the last several years. Articles on the future of energy in the global economy by Jeffrey Ball and on measuring inequality by Jonathan Ostry and Andrew Berg are also illustrated. Since the 2008 global crisis, global economists must change the way they look at the world.
