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Tracing Earth Surface Processes Using Novel Isotopic Approaches
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Book Synopsis Tracing Earth Surface Processes Using Novel Isotopic Approaches by : Kang-Jun Huang
Download or read book Tracing Earth Surface Processes Using Novel Isotopic Approaches written by Kang-Jun Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Landscapes on the Edge by : National Research Council
Download or read book Landscapes on the Edge written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-25 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During geologic spans of time, Earth's shifting tectonic plates, atmosphere, freezing water, thawing ice, flowing rivers, and evolving life have shaped Earth's surface features. The resulting hills, mountains, valleys, and plains shelter ecosystems that interact with all life and provide a record of Earth surface processes that extend back through Earth's history. Despite rapidly growing scientific knowledge of Earth surface interactions, and the increasing availability of new monitoring technologies, there is still little understanding of how these processes generate and degrade landscapes. Landscapes on the Edge identifies nine grand challenges in this emerging field of study and proposes four high-priority research initiatives. The book poses questions about how our planet's past can tell us about its future, how landscapes record climate and tectonics, and how Earth surface science can contribute to developing a sustainable living surface for future generations.
Download or read book Isoscapes written by Jason B. West and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. Carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 record exchange of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere; the incredible journeys of migrating monarchs is documented by hydrogen isotopes in their wings; and water carries an isotopic record of its source and history as it traverses the atmosphere and land surface. Through these and many other examples, improved understanding of spatio-temporal isotopic variation in Earth systems is leading to innovative new approaches to scientific problem-solving. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the theory, methods, and applications that are enabling new disciplinary and cross-disciplinary advances through the study of "isoscapes": isotopic landscapes. "This impressive new volume shows scientists deciphering and using the natural isotope landscapes that subtly adorn our spaceship Earth.", Brian Fry, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, USA "An excellent timely must read and must-have reference book for anybody interested or engaged in applying stable isotope signatures to questions in e.g. Anthropology, Biogeochemistry, Ecology, or Forensic Science regarding chronological and spatial movement, changes, or distribution relating to animals, humans, plants, or water.", Wolfram Meier-Augenstein, Centre for Anatomy & Human Identification, University of Dundee, UK "Natural resources are being affected by global change, but exactly where, how, and at what pace? Isoscapes provide new and remarkably precise answers.", John Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA "This exciting volume is shaping a new landscape in environmental sciences that is utilizing the remarkable advances in isotope research to enhance and extend the capabilities of the field.", Dan Yakir, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Book Synopsis Modeling Novel Isotopic Proxies for the Oxygenation of the Earth's Surface by : Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman
Download or read book Modeling Novel Isotopic Proxies for the Oxygenation of the Earth's Surface written by Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tectonic Geomorphology by : Douglas W. Burbank
Download or read book Tectonic Geomorphology written by Douglas W. Burbank and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-05-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tectonic geomorphology is the study of the interplay betweentectonic and surface processes that shape the landscape in regionsof active deformation. Recent advances in the quantification ofrates and physical basis of tectonic and surface processes haverejuvenated the field of tectonic geomorphology. Modern tectonicgeomorphology is an exciting and highly integrative field whichutilizes techniques and data derived from studies of geomorphology,seismology, geochronology, structure, geodesy, and Quaternaryclimate change. While emphasizing new insights from the last decadeof research, Tectonic Geomorphology reviews the fundamentals of thesubject which include the nature of faulting and folding, thecreation and use of geomorphic markers for tracing deformation,chronological techniques which date deformation, geodetictechniques for defining recent deformation, and paleoseismologicapproaches to calibrate past deformation. The overall focus of this book is on new interpretations oflandform evolution and insights on the interplay between surfaceprocesses and tectonics that emerge from integrative studies. Theauthors have developed an up-to-date interpretation of landscapesin tectonically active environments for upper-level undergraduateand graduate earth science students and practicinggeologists. For an instructor's image bank, please visit: http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/burbank First text to take a broad interdisciplinary approach:integrated geomorphology, geophysics, and paleoclimatology. Includes the latest technological advances used in dating:Uranium series and dating and observation. Emphasizes the role of surface processes. Focuses on landscapes at different time scales. Provides strong coverage on numerical modeling of tectonicallyactive landscapes. Presents the recent approaches to calibrating rates of upliftand erosion. Stresses the tectonics of active plate margins in a detailedyet succinct way. Contains "Chapter introductions," "Chapter summaries," and"References" that reinforce principles and theory as well asprovide additional background information.
Book Synopsis Evolving Landscapes Realized Through the Lens of Cosmogenic Isotopes by : Travis Wellington Clow
Download or read book Evolving Landscapes Realized Through the Lens of Cosmogenic Isotopes written by Travis Wellington Clow and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmogenic nuclides have revolutionized the geosciences by serving as a reliable geochronometer and tracer of Earth surface processes. These rare isotopes, occurring in extremely low abundances in surficial rocks and soils, give us a detailed history of the physical setting and duration of exposure of a landform, allowing for the quantification of rates and dates of their movement and stability over time. In this dissertation, I focus on two varieties of the cosmogenic nuclide 10Be (half-life = 1.39 Myr), meteoric and in situ-produced, that differ in their rate of production and delivery mechanism. Both varieties of 10Be are produced mainly through spallation reactions in the atmosphere, in the case of meteoric 10Be (10Bemet), and in quartz crystal lattices in surficial rocks and soils, in the case of in situ-produced 10Be (10Bein situ). These varieties of 10Be primarily differ by their production rate; 10Bemet, which is delivered to Earth's surface through precipitation or as dry deposition, is relatively unconstrained compared to 10Bein situ. Through new approaches and novel applications of these two varieties of 10Be, I present 1) a new method to improve the accuracy of 10Beme delivery rates and 2) assess the effect of precipitation on 10Beme delivery, 3) resolve millennial rates of cliff retreat in Southern California and 4) explore factors that likely influence denudation (the sum of erosion and weathering) rates in the Sierra de las Minas of eastern Guatemala via 10Bein situ. In Chapter 1, I calculate site-specific delivery rates of 10Bemet to eroding areas by leveraging new 10Bemet concentrations and previously published 10Bein situ erosion rates from Pinedale and Bull Lake-aged terminal moraines in the Wind River Range, Wyoming. These loss-corrected, Holocene-averaged calculated delivery rates are compared against two widely used estimation methods: the local, empirical, precipitationbased formula of Graly et al. (2011) and the regional atmospheric model-based estimates of Heikkila & von Blanckenburg (2015), which substantially differ for this site due to differences in how the methods handle the influence of precipitation, atmospheric circulation, and spatial scale on 10Bemet delivery. I found that the calculated delivery rates for both moraines agree within uncertainty with that estimated by Heikkila & von Blanckenburg (2015) and are considerably higher than the Graly et al. (2011) estimate. This provides evidence that model-based estimates agree well with soil-derived estimates, though future workers should estimate the 10Bemet delivery rate using both methods for the most robust calculations of Earth surface processes, particularly in areas of considerable elevation and/or precipitation gradients. In Chapter 2, I also calculate site-specific delivery rates of 10Bemet to eroding areas in the same manner as Chapter 1, utilizing this new technique on soil profiles along a precipitation- and elevation-gradient in the southwestern Sierra Nevada and the rain shadowed White Mountain, California to evaluate the role of precipitation on loss-corrected 10Bemet delivery rates. Recently, increased focus and debate has been drawn toward whether delivery rates increase, or are invariant, with precipitation rate increases with both phenomena occurring around the globe depending on orographic setting and perhaps integration timescale. I find evidence for precipitation-dependent delivery of 10Bemet to the eroding soils of the Sierra Nevada, as calculated loss-corrected delivery rates increase (and decrease) as mean annual precipitation rates increase (and decrease). This effect is also broadly reflected in the measured 10Bemet inventories along this transect. Interestingly, the highest loss- delivery rate among all locations is calculated for rain shadowed White Mountain site , however this is likely a result of different moisture sources and longer advective cloud 10Bemet replenishment compared to the Sierra Nevada transect. These observations indicate that 10Bemet delivery rates likely scale with low to moderate MAP rates increases (i.e., up to 100 cm yr-1), agreeing with observations from other transects, however distance from moisture sources might affect this relationship. In Chapter 3, I utilize 10Bein situ concentrations and measured topography from a > 125 m exposed shore platform in coastal Del Mar, California in conjunction with a coupled model of shore platform evolution and cosmogenic production to estimate a late Holocene coastal cliff retreat rate for this area. Cliff retreat continually threatens coastal communities and infrastructure, but constraints on retreat rates are typically limited to those derived from imagery and maps spanning the last ~100 years. With this relatively new technique and modeling approach, applied for the first time to any coast in North America, I estimated a best-fit cliff retreat rate of 6.2 -- 16.3 cm yr-1 over the last two millennia. These rates are consistent with decadal observed rates of about 5-20 cm yr-1, suggesting that cliff retreat here has likely been relatively stable from the late Holocene to ~100 years before present, representing a time when the rate of relative sea level (RSL) rise was approximately constant in Southern California. Modeled cliff retreat during the earlyand mid-Holocene show that retreat rates decline roughly in tandem with the decline in the rate of RSL rise, suggesting that wave action and sea level rise are primary controls on coastal cliff erosion in Del Mar, though uncertainties are large due to a lack of additional 10Bein situ calibration data further out on the shore platform In Chapter 4, I explore the relationships between vegetation, topography, and climate in modulating denudation rates in a tropical mountain range that exhibits a rain shadow. The Sierra de las Minas, eastern Guatemala, is highly vegetated and characterized by relative tectonic quiescence since ~7 Ma and a strong orographic effect, where northern slopes that intercept Caribbean moisture receive over twice the amount of precipitation, corrected for evapotranspiration (P-ET), as southern slopes.13 new and three previously published catchment-averaged 10Bein situ denudation rates that span the range of climate and lithological variations (with similar average slopes) reveal that denudation rates are approximately twice as fast in the northern, wetter drainage basins compared to the drier, southern drainage basins. Further analysis using Pearson correlation coefficients suggests that denudation rates only have a weak correlation with P-ET, along with root mass fraction (a modeled ratio of roots vs. shoots), slope, area, and local relief, while a fair correlation is observed for mean elevation and mean annual temperature (MAP). No correlation is observed between denudation rate and channel normalized steepness (Ksn), suggesting no tectonic control as expected from the relative quiescence in the Sierra de las Minas over the last few million years, nor the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), suggesting that remotely sensed metrics that only consider aboveground biomass might not accurately reflect the effect vegetation may have in modulation denudation in highly vegetated areas. Correlations between the variables of interest suggest that that topography, primarily in the form of mean elevation, sets the stage for climate (P-ET and MAT) to influence biomass distribution (RMF), all of which contribute to the denudation rate trends along a pronounced orographic gradient in the tropical Sierra de las Minas.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry by : Mark Baskaran
Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry written by Mark Baskaran and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 951 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of radioactive and stable isotopes have revolutionized our understanding of the Earth and near-earth surface processes. The utility of the isotopes are ever-increasing and our sole focus is to bring out the applications of these isotopes as tracers and chronometers to a wider audience so that they can be used as powerful tools to solve environmental problems. New developments in this field remain mostly in peer-reviewed journal articles and hence our goal is to synthesize these findings for easy reference for students, faculty, regulators in governmental and non-governmental agencies, and environmental companies. While this volume maintains its rigor in terms of its depth of knowledge and quantitative information, it contains the breadth needed for wide variety problems and applications in the environmental sciences. This volume presents all of the newer and older applications of isotopes pertaining to the environmental problems in one place that is readily accessible to readers. This book not only has the depth and rigor that is needed for academia, but it has the breadth and case studies to illustrate the utility of the isotopes in a wide variety of environments (atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers and streams, terrestrial environments, and sub-surface environments) and serves a large audience, from students and researchers, regulators in federal, state and local governments, and environmental companies.
Book Synopsis Geochemistry and Mineral Formation in the Earth Surface by : Rafael Rodríguez-Clemente
Download or read book Geochemistry and Mineral Formation in the Earth Surface written by Rafael Rodríguez-Clemente and published by Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Isoscapes written by Jason B. West and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. Carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 record exchange of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere; the incredible journeys of migrating monarchs is documented by hydrogen isotopes in their wings; and water carries an isotopic record of its source and history as it traverses the atmosphere and land surface. Through these and many other examples, improved understanding of spatio-temporal isotopic variation in Earth systems is leading to innovative new approaches to scientific problem-solving. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the theory, methods, and applications that are enabling new disciplinary and cross-disciplinary advances through the study of "isoscapes": isotopic landscapes. "This impressive new volume shows scientists deciphering and using the natural isotope landscapes that subtly adorn our spaceship Earth." Brian Fry, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, USA "An excellent timely must read and must-have reference book for anybody interested or engaged in applying stable isotope signatures to questions in e.g. Anthropology, Biogeochemistry, Ecology, or Forensic Science regarding chronological and spatial movement, changes, or distribution relating to animals, humans, plants, or water." Wolfram Meier-Augenstein, Centre for Anatomy & Human Identification, University of Dundee, UK "Natural resources are being affected by global change, but exactly where, how, and at what pace? Isoscapes provide new and remarkably precise answers." John Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA "This exciting volume is shaping a new landscape in environmental sciences that is utilizing the remarkable advances in isotope research to enhance and extend the capabilities of the field." Dan Yakir, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel.
Book Synopsis Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology by : C. Kendall
Download or read book Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology written by C. Kendall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a new "earth systems" approach to catchments that encompasses the physical and biogeochemical interactions that control the hydrology and biogeochemistry of the system. The text provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of catchment hydrology, principles of isotope geochemistry, and the isotope variability in the hydrologic cycle -- but the main focus of the book is on case studies in isotope hydrology and isotope geochemistry that explore the applications of isotope techniques for investigating modern environmental problems. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology is the first synthesis of physical hydrology and isotope geochemistry with catchment focus, and is a valuable reference for professionals and students alike in the fields of hydrology, hydrochemistry, and environmental science. This important interdisciplinary text provides extensive guidelines for the application of isotope techniques for all investigatores facing the challenge of protecting precious water, soil, and ecological resources from the ever-increasing problems associated with population growth and environmental change, including those from urban development and agricultural land uses.
Download or read book Earth Processes written by Asish Basu and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1996-01-09 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 95. Publication of this monograph will coincide, to a precision of a few per mil, with the centenary of Henri Becquerel's discovery of "radiations actives" (C. R. Acad. Sci., Feb. 24, 1896). In 1896 the Earth was only 40 million years old according to Lord Kelvin. Eleven years later, Boltwood had pushed the Earth's age past 2000 million years, based on the first U/Pb chemical dating results. In exciting progression came discovery of isotopes by J. J. Thomson in 1912, invention of the mass spectrometer by Dempster (1918) and Aston (1919), the first measurement of the isotopic composition of Pb (Aston, 1927) and the final approach, using Pb-Pb isotopic dating, to the correct age of the Earth: close-2.9 Ga (Gerling, 1942), closer-3.0 Ga (Holmes, 1949) and closest-4.50 Ga (Patterson, Tilton and Inghram, 1953).
Book Synopsis Isotopic Analysis by : Frank Vanhaecke
Download or read book Isotopic Analysis written by Frank Vanhaecke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by two very well-known and respected scientists in the field, this excellent practical guide is the first to cover the fundamentals and a wide range of applications, as well as showing readers how to efficiently use this increasingly important technique. From the contents: * The Isotopic Composition of the Elements * Single-Collector ICP-MS * Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Advances in Laser Ablation - Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Correction for Instrumental Mass Discrimination in Isotope Ratio Determination with Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Reference Materials in Isotopic Analysis * Quality Control in Isotope Ratio Applications * Determination of Trace Elements and Elemental Species Using Isotope Dilution ICP-MS * Geochronological Dating * Application of Multi-Collector ICP-MS to Isotopic Analysis in Cosmochemistry * Establishing the Basis for Using Stable Isotope Ratios of Metals as Paleoredox Proxies * Isotopes as Tracers of Elements Across the Geosphere-Biosphere Interface * Archaeometric Applications * Forensics Applications * Nuclear Applications * The Use of Stable Isotope Techniques for Studying Mineral and Trace Element Metabolism in Humans * Isotopic Analysis via Multi-Collector ICP-MS in Elemental Speciation A must-have for newcomers as well as established scientists seeking an overview of isotopic analysis via ICP-MS.
Book Synopsis New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences by : National Research Council
Download or read book New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2001 National Research Council (NRC) report Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science (BROES) described how basic research in the Earth sciences serves five national imperatives: (1) discovery, use, and conservation of natural resources; (2) characterization and mitigation of natural hazards; (3) geotechnical support of commercial and infrastructure development; (4) stewardship of the environment; and (5) terrestrial surveillance for global security and national defense. This perspective is even more pressing today, and will persist into the future, with ever-growing emphasis. Today's world-with headlines dominated by issues involving fossil fuel and water resources, earthquake and tsunami disasters claiming hundreds of thousands of lives and causing hundreds of billions of dollars in damages, profound environmental changes associated with the evolving climate system, and nuclear weapons proliferation and testing-has many urgent societal issues that need to be informed by sound understanding of the Earth sciences. A national strategy to sustain basic research and training of expertise across the full spectrum of the Earth sciences is motivated by these national imperatives. New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences identifies new and emerging research opportunities in the Earth sciences over the next decade, including surface and deep Earth processes and interdisciplinary research with fields such as ocean and atmospheric sciences, biology, engineering, computer science, and social and behavioral sciences. The report also identifies key instrumentation and facilities needed to support these new and emerging research opportunities. The report describes opportunities for increased cooperation in these new and emerging areas between EAR and other government agency programs, industry, and international programs, and suggests new ways that EAR can help train the next generation of Earth scientists, support young investigators, and increase the participation of underrepresented groups in the field.
Book Synopsis Using Long- and Short-Lived Sediment-Associated Isotopes to Track Erosion and Sediment Movement Through Rivers in Yunnan, Sw China by : Thomas Bundgaard Neilson
Download or read book Using Long- and Short-Lived Sediment-Associated Isotopes to Track Erosion and Sediment Movement Through Rivers in Yunnan, Sw China written by Thomas Bundgaard Neilson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research aims to understand the natural and human influences on erosion in three tributary watersheds to the Mekong River, Yunnan Province, China and to assess the utility of a novel application of isotopic indicators of erosion. It explores how erosion varies through time and space as a function of physical characteristics of the landscape, tectonic forces, and human alteration of the landscape for forestry and agriculture. To accomplish these goals, I use four sediment-associated radionuclides: in situ 10Be, meteoric 10Be, 210Pbex, and 137Cs. These isotopes accumulate in or on sediment grains, and each accumulates to a different depth on the landscape and has a different half-life. Thus, the isotopes can be used to track sediment as it moves across Earth’s surface, each providing unique insight into processes occurring over a certain time period (from ~50 to 50,000 years) or eroding to a certain depth on the landscape. The studied watersheds range from 22° to 27° N latitude, and from 200 to 2500 km2 in area. I collected 54 samples of river-borne sediment within the three study watersheds, and measured the concentration of each isotope in every sample. In addition to the measured isotopic concentrations, I utilize on over 20 years of daily sediment yield data at the outlet of each watershed, hillslope steepness, normalized channel steepness (ksn), contemporary land-use data, elevation, and 56 years of mean annual precipitation data (MAP). Long-term erosion rates scale with topographic parameters in two of the three study basins, indicating that topography, or the underlying tectonic forces responsible for topography, control erosion rates over the past 6,000 to 50,000 years. Isotopic data also show that contemporary erosion is higher in cultivated areas than un-cultivated areas, a direct result of agricultural practices. Contemporary sediment yield, however, has not increased notably due to land-use change; however, under-representation of large stochastic events and sediment trapped by agriculture have reduced sediment yield relative to the long-term average in two of the studied watersheds. Overall, the data imply changes in contemporary erosion that are consistent with Chinese policies that promoted deforestation from the 1950’s to the late 1980’s and conservation from the late 1990’s to present. This proves to be a significant finding, as the result of the top-down approach China has taken with conservation policy has been widely called into question in previous studies. While each isotope has the potential to provide unique information regarding erosional processes, in situ 10Be and 210Pbex proved to be the most useful, while meteoric 10Be was the most challenging to utilize. Though interpretation is complex, measuring all four isotopes on the same sediment samples helps to fully realize the potential of in situ 10Be to estimate background erosion by simultaneously allowing for assessment of contemporary and human induced erosion.
Book Synopsis Application of Geochemical Tracers to Fluvial Sediment by : Jerry R. Miller
Download or read book Application of Geochemical Tracers to Fluvial Sediment written by Jerry R. Miller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes an in-depth look at the theory and methods inherent in the tracing of riverine sediments. Examined tracers include multi-elemental concentration data, fallout radionuclides (e.g., 210Pb, 137Cs, 7Be), radiogenic isotopes (particularly those of Pb, Sr, and Nd), and novel (“non-traditional”) stable isotopes (e.g., Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn), the latter of which owe their application to recent advances in analytical chemistry. The intended goal is not to replace more ‘traditional’ analyses of the riverine sediment system, but to show how tracer/fingerprinting studies can be used to gain insights into system functions that would not otherwise be possible. The text, then, provides researchers and catchment managers with a summary of the strengths and limitations of the examined techniques in terms of their temporal and spatial resolution, data requirements, and the uncertainties in the generated results. The use of environmental tracers has increased significantly during the past decade because it has become clear that documentation of sediment and sediment-associated contaminant provenance and dispersal is essential to mitigate their potentially harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, the use of monitoring programs to determine the source of sediments to a water body has proven to be a costly, labor intensive, long-term process with a spatial resolution that is limited by the number of monitoring sites that can be effectively maintained. Alternative approaches, including the identification and analysis of eroded upland areas and the use of distributed modeling routines also have proven problematic. The application of tracers within riverine environments has evolved such that they focus on sediments from two general sources: upland areas and specific, localized, anthropogenic point sources. Of particular importance to the former is the development of geochemical fingerprinting methods that quantify sediment provenance (and to a much lesser degree, sediment-associated contaminants) at the catchment scale. These methods have largely developed independently of the use of tracers to document the source and dispersal pathways of contaminated particles from point-sources of anthropogenic pollution at the reach- to river corridor-scale. Future studies are likely to begin merging the strengths of both approaches while relying on multiple tracer types to address management and regulatory issues, particularly within the context of the rapidly developing field of environmental forensics.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Geology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 5634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Geology, Second Edition presents in six volumes state-of-the-art reviews on the various aspects of geologic research, all of which have moved on considerably since the writing of the first edition. New areas of discussion include extinctions, origins of life, plate tectonics and its influence on faunal provinces, new types of mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, new methods of dating rocks, and geological processes. Users will find this to be a fundamental resource for teachers and students of geology, as well as researchers and non-geology professionals seeking up-to-date reviews of geologic research. Provides a comprehensive and accessible one-stop shop for information on the subject of geology, explaining methodologies and technical jargon used in the field Highlights connections between geology and other physical and biological sciences, tackling research problems that span multiple fields Fills a critical gap of information in a field that has seen significant progress in past years Presents an ideal reference for a wide range of scientists in earth and environmental areas of study
Book Synopsis Cave Deposits: Processes, Approaches and Environmental Significance by : Leonardo Piccini
Download or read book Cave Deposits: Processes, Approaches and Environmental Significance written by Leonardo Piccini and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
