Plant Tissue Culture

Download Plant Tissue Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323160476
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Tissue Culture by : Robert H. Smith

Download or read book Plant Tissue Culture written by Robert H. Smith and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Tissue Culture Techniques and Experiments is a manual that contains laboratory exercises about the demonstration of the methods and different plant materials used in plant tissue culture. It provides an overview on the plant cell culture techniques and plant material options in selecting the explant source. This book starts by discussing the proper setup of a tissue culture laboratory and the selection of the culture medium. It then explains the determination of an explant which is the ultimate goal of the cell culture project. The explant is a piece of plant tissue that is used in tissue culture. Furthermore, the book discusses topics about callus induction, regeneration and morphogenesis process, and haploid plants from anther and pollen culture. The meristem culture for virus-free plants and in vitro propagation for commercial propagation of ornamentals are also explained in this manual. The book also provides topics and exercises on the protoplast isolation and fusion and agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants. This manual is intended for college students, both graduate and undergraduate, who study chemistry, plant anatomy, and plant physiology.

Tissue Culture

Download Tissue Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323142079
Total Pages : 897 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tissue Culture by : Paul F. Jr. Kruse

Download or read book Tissue Culture written by Paul F. Jr. Kruse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tissue Culture: Methods and Applications presents an overview of the procedures for working with cells in culture and for using them in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. The book discusses primary tissue dissociation; the preparation of primary cultures; cell harvesting; and replicate culture methods. The text also describes protocols on single cell isolations and cloning; perfusion and mass culture techniques; cell propagation on miscellaneous culture supports; and the evaluation of culture dynamics. The recent techniques facilitating microscopic observation of cells; cell hybridization; and virus propagation and assay are also encompassed. The book further tackles the production of hormones and intercellular substances; the diagnosis and understanding of disease; as well as quality control measures. Scientists and professionals interested in methodology per se will find the book invaluable.

Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture

Download Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0585275718
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (852 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture by : Jennie P. Mather

Download or read book Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture written by Jennie P. Mather and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a pleasure to contribute the foreword to Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture: The ory and Techniques by Mather and Roberts. Despite the occasional appearance of thought ful works devoted to elementary or advanced cell culture methodology, a place remains for a comprehensive and definitive volume that can be used to advantage by both the novice and the expert in the field. In this book, Mather and Roberts present the relevant method ology within a conceptual framework of cell biology, genetics, nutrition, endocrinology, and physiology that renders technical cell culture information in a comprehensive, logical for mat. This allows topics to be presented with an emphasis on troubleshooting problems from a basis of understanding the underlying theory. The material is presented in a way that is adaptable to student use in formal courses; it also should be functional when used on a daily basis by professional cell culturists in a- demia and industry. The volume includes references to relevant Internet sites and other use ful sources of information. In addition to the fundamentals, attention is also given to mod ern applications and approaches to cell culture derivation, medium formulation, culture scale-up, and biotechnology, presented by scientists who are pioneers in these areas. With this volume, it should be possible to establish and maintain a cell culture laboratory devot ed to any of the many disciplines to which cell culture methodology is applicable.

Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture

Download Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781578082377
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (823 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture by : M. K. Razdan

Download or read book Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture written by M. K. Razdan and published by Science Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction and techniques; Introductory history; Laboratory organisation; Media; Aseptic manipulation; Basic aspects; Cell culture; Cellular totipotency; Somatic embryogenesis; Applications to plant breeding; Haploid prodution; Triploid production; In vitro pollination and fertilization; Zygotic embryo culture; Somatic hybridisation and cybridisation; Genetic transformation; Somaclonal and gametoclonal variant selection; Application to horticulture and forestry; Production of disease-free plants; clonal propagation; General applications; Industrial applications: secondary metabolite production; Germplasm conservation.

Molecular Biology of The Cell

Download Molecular Biology of The Cell PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts

Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Plant Tissue Culture, Development, and Biotechnology

Download Plant Tissue Culture, Development, and Biotechnology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439896143
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Tissue Culture, Development, and Biotechnology by : Robert N. Trigiano

Download or read book Plant Tissue Culture, Development, and Biotechnology written by Robert N. Trigiano and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-03-30 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the vast umbrella of Plant Sciences resides a plethora of highly specialized fields. Botanists, agronomists, horticulturists, geneticists, and physiologists each employ a different approach to the study of plants and each for a different end goal. Yet all will find themselves in the laboratory engaging in what can broadly be termed biotechnol

Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture

Download Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Potato Center
ISBN 13 : 9780521315166
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (151 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture by : John H. Dodds

Download or read book Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture written by John H. Dodds and published by International Potato Center. This book was released on 1985-10-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture makes available new information that has resulted from recent advances in the applications of plant tissue culture techniques to agriculture and industry. This comprehensive laboratory text takes the reader through a graded series of experimental protocols and also provides an introductory review of each topic. Topics include: a plant tissue culture laboratory, aseptic techniques, nutritional components of media, callus induction, organ formation, xylem cell differentiation, root cultures, cell suspensions, micropropagation, embryogenesis, isolation and fusion of protoplasts, haploid cultures, storage of plant genetic resources, secondary metabolite production, and quantification of procedures. This volume offers all of the basic experimental methods for the major research areas of plant tissue culture, and it will be invaluable to undergraduates and research investigators in the plant sciences.

Invertebrate Tissue Culture Methods

Download Invertebrate Tissue Culture Methods PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431678751
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (316 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Invertebrate Tissue Culture Methods by : Jun Mitsuhashi

Download or read book Invertebrate Tissue Culture Methods written by Jun Mitsuhashi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I started insect cell culture work in 1962, when T. D. C. Grace reported the first establishment of invertebrate continuous cell lines. He obtained grow ing cells from pupal ovaries of the emperor gum moth, Antheraea euca lypti. At that time, I was trying to obtain growing cells from leafhoppers. Grace's method could not be applied directly to my culture because of the differences in species, the size of the insects, and the tissue to be cul tured. The vertebrate tissue culture methods gave me some ideas for pre paring cultures from leafhoppers, but those could not be used directly either. There were no textbooks and no manuals for invertebrate tissue culture, so I had to develop a method by myself. First, I considered what type and what size of vessels are suitable for insect tissue culture. Also, I had to look for suitable materials to construct the culture vessels. Sec ond, I had to examine various culture media, especially growth-promot ing substances, such as sera. Then I had to improve culture media by trial and error. The procedure to set up a primary culture was also a problem. How could I sterilize materials? How could I remove tissues from a tiny insect? How many tissues should I pool in order to set up one culture? I had to find out the answers. Naturally, it took a lot of time.

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture

Download Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642790488
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture by : Oluf Gamborg

Download or read book Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture written by Oluf Gamborg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides all relevant protocols for basic and applied plant cell and molecular technologies, such as histology, electron microscopy, cytology, virus diagnosis, gene transfer and PCR. Also included are chapters on laboratory facilities, operation and management as well as a glossary and all the information needed to set up and carry out any of the procedures without having to use other resource books. It is especially designed for professionals and advanced students who wish to acquire practical skills and first-hand experience in plant biotechnology.

Automation and environmental control in plant tissue culture

Download Automation and environmental control in plant tissue culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401584613
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Automation and environmental control in plant tissue culture by : Jenny Aitken-Christie

Download or read book Automation and environmental control in plant tissue culture written by Jenny Aitken-Christie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automation and Environmental Control in Plant Tissue Culture rigorously explores the new challenges faced by modern plant tissue culture researchers and producers worldwide: issues of cost efficiency, automation, control, and optimization of the in vitro microenvironment. This book achieves a critical balance between the economic, engineering and biological viewpoints, and presents well-balanced, unique, and clearly organized perspectives on current initiatives in the tissue culture arena. Each chapter offers guidelines leading towards an exhaustive, unprecedented level of control over in vitro growth, based on emerging technologies of robotics, machine vision, environmental sensors and regulation, and systems analysis. Unlike other tissue culture books which focus on specific crops and techniques, this book spans the broad range of major tissue culture production systems, and advances evidence on how some underrated aspects of the process actually determine the status of the end product. Key researchers from industry and academia have joined to give up-to-date research evidence and analysis. The collection comprises an essential reference for industrial-scale tissue culture producers, as well as any researcher interested in optimizing in vitro production.

Plant Tissue Culture: An Introductory Text

Download Plant Tissue Culture: An Introductory Text PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 8132210263
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Tissue Culture: An Introductory Text by : Sant Saran Bhojwani

Download or read book Plant Tissue Culture: An Introductory Text written by Sant Saran Bhojwani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant tissue culture (PTC) is basic to all plant biotechnologies and is an exciting area of basic and applied sciences with considerable scope for further research. PTC is also the best approach to demonstrate the totipotency of plant cells, and to exploit it for numerous practical applications. It offers technologies for crop improvement (Haploid and Triploid production, In Vitro Fertilization, Hybrid Embryo Rescue, Variant Selection), clonal propagation (Micropropagation), virus elimination (Shoot Tip Culture), germplasm conservation, production of industrial phytochemicals, and regeneration of plants from genetically manipulated cells by recombinant DNA technology (Genetic Engineering) or cell fusion (Somatic Hybridization and Cybridization). Considerable work is being done to understand the physiology and genetics of in vitro embryogenesis and organogenesis using model systems, especially Arabidopsis and carrot, which is likely to enhance the efficiency of in vitro regeneration protocols. All these aspects are covered extensively in the present book. Since the first book on Plant Tissue Culture by Prof. P.R. White in 1943, several volumes describing different aspects of PTC have been published. Most of these are compilation of invited articles by different experts or proceedings of conferences. More recently, a number of books describing the Methods and Protocols for one or more techniques of PTC have been published which should serve as useful laboratory manuals. The impetus for writing this book was to make available a complete and up-to-date text covering all basic and applied aspects of PTC for the students and early-career researchers of plant sciences and plant / agricultural biotechnology. The book comprises of nineteen chapters profusely illustrated with self-explanatory illustrations. Most of the chapters include well-tested protocols and relevant media compositions that should be helpful in conducting laboratory experiments. For those interested in further details, Suggested Further Reading is given at the end of each chapter, and a Subject and Plant Index is provided at the end of the book.

Tissue Culture Techniques for Horticultural Crops

Download Tissue Culture Techniques for Horticultural Crops PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461597560
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tissue Culture Techniques for Horticultural Crops by : Kenneth C. Torres

Download or read book Tissue Culture Techniques for Horticultural Crops written by Kenneth C. Torres and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written for those individuals who are concerned about the techniques and practices of plant cell cultures for horticultural crops. It was designed to serve as a text and reference for students and professionals in ornamental horticulture, fruit and vegetable crop pro duction, botany, forestry, and other areas of plant science. Research during the last twenty-five years in the area of plant tissue culture has led to many developments and changes in this field. Al though the techniques involved in the manipulation of plant tissue culture are now relatively straightforward, the presentation of these techniques in a short volume for the beginner in the field is generally unavailable. In addition to describing the techniques for establishment and manipulation of specific species, several chapters in this book also provide a brief, general review of important cultural parameters. Spe cific protocols and laboratory procedures may also be found in the appendix. I hope that this presentation of information will be helpful to those individuals wanting to apply plant tissue culture techniques for horticultural crops.

Plant Cell Culture

Download Plant Cell Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470686515
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (865 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Cell Culture by : Michael R. Davey

Download or read book Plant Cell Culture written by Michael R. Davey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to culture cells is fundamental for mass propagation and as a baseline for the genetic manipulation of plant nuclei and organelles. The introduction to Plant Cell Culture: Essential Methods provides a general background to plant cell culture, including basic principles, technologies and laboratory practices that underpin the more detailed techniques described in subsequent chapters. Whilst each chapter provides a background to the topic area and methodology, a crucial aspect is the provision of detailed protocols with emphasis on trouble shooting, describing common problems and detailed advice for their avoidance. Plant Cell Culture: Essential Methods provides the reader with a concise overview of these techniques, including micropropagation, mutagenesis, cryopreservation, genetic and plastid transformation and somatic cell technologies. This book will be an essential addition to any plant science laboratory's bookshelf. Highlights the best and most up-to-date techniques for working on plant cell culture Explains clearly and precisely how to carry out selected techniques in addition to background information on the various approaches Chapters are written by leading international authorities in the field and cover both well-known and new, tried and tested, methods for working in plant cell culture An essential laboratory manual for students and early-career researchers.

Collagen, from Tissue Culture to Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering, and Beyond

Download Collagen, from Tissue Culture to Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering, and Beyond PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527526461
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Collagen, from Tissue Culture to Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering, and Beyond by : Elena García-Gareta

Download or read book Collagen, from Tissue Culture to Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering, and Beyond written by Elena García-Gareta and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As collagen is the main structural component of body tissues, there has been much effort expended, both in the past and today, to use it in cell culture applications. Indeed, its importance is further stressed by the wide use of collagen biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration, including the treatment of burns, chronic wounds or bone repair. This book represents a journey through recent scientific history, and describes the massive implications of the research carried out by Bornstein, Ehrmann and Gey on collagen preparations in the 1950s for cell culture and more recently, tissue engineering and personalised medicine.

Tissue Culture in Forestry

Download Tissue Culture in Forestry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401735387
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tissue Culture in Forestry by : J.M. Bonga

Download or read book Tissue Culture in Forestry written by J.M. Bonga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2. IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN METABOLISM 2. 1. Range of naturally occurring nitrogenous components in forest trees 2. 2. Gene expression and mapping 2. 3. Metabolic changes in organized and unorganized systems 2. 4. Nitrogen and nutrition 2. 5. Aspects of intermediary nitrogen metabolism 3. NITROGEN METABOLISM IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 3. 1. Precultural factors 3. 2. Callus formation 3. 3. Cell suspensions 3. 3. 1. Conifers 3. 3. 2. Acer 3. 4. Morphogenesis 3. 4. 1. Nitrogen metabolism of natural embryos 3. 4. 2. Somatic embryogenesis 3. 4. 2. 1. Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) 3. 4. 2. 2. Douglar-fir and loblolly pine 3. 4. 3. Organogenesis 4. OUTLOOK 11. CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION AND METABOLISM - T. A. Thorpe 325 1. INTRODUCTION 2. NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS 3. CARBOHYDRATE UPTAKE 4. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 4. 1. Sucrose degradation 4. 2. Metabolism of other carbon sources 4. 3. Hexose mobilization and metabolism 4. 3. 1. Cell cycle studies 4. 3. 2. Growth studies 4. 3. 3. Organized development 4. 4. Cell wall biogenesis 4. 4. 1. Primary cell walls 4. 4. 2. Cell wall turnover 4. 4. 3. Secondary cell walls 4. 5. Carbon skeleton utilization 5. OSMOTIC ROLE 6. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 369 12. THE USE OF IN VITRO TECHNIQUES FOR GENETIC MODIFICATIO~FOREST TREES - E. G. Kirby 1. INTRODUCTION 2. IN VITRO SELECTION 2. 1. Natural variation 2. 2. Induction of variation 2. 3. Selection techniques 2. 4. Plant regeneration 2 . • 5. Applications x 3. SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION 3. 1.

Plant Tissue Culture: New Techniques and Application in Horticultural Species of Tropical Region

Download Plant Tissue Culture: New Techniques and Application in Horticultural Species of Tropical Region PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811664986
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plant Tissue Culture: New Techniques and Application in Horticultural Species of Tropical Region by : Duong Tan Nhut

Download or read book Plant Tissue Culture: New Techniques and Application in Horticultural Species of Tropical Region written by Duong Tan Nhut and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-05 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents latest work in the field of plant biotechnology regarding high-efficiency micropropagation for commercial exploitation at low labor and equipment costs. The book consists of 18 chapters on establishing advanced culture systems, techniques as well as latest modification protocols on a variety of crops. It also discusses new methods such as nylon film culture system, light-emitting diode and wireless light-emitting diode system, stem elongation, wounding manipulation and shoot tip removal, in vitro hydroponic and microponic culture system, thin cell layer culture system etc. Plant cell tissue has been developed more than fifty years ago. Since then applications of in vitro plant propagation expanded rapidly all around the world and played as an important role in agricultural and horticultural systems. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences.

Tissue Culture Techniques

Download Tissue Culture Techniques PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461202477
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tissue Culture Techniques by : Bernice M. Martin

Download or read book Tissue Culture Techniques written by Bernice M. Martin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl II INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I STERILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Aseptic Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Physical manipulations • Use of the sterile cabinet (hood) Sterilization Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Heat • Radiation • Toxic gas • Filtration • Antibiotics Quality Control of Sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Routine labeling Suggested Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 vi CONTENTS ROUTINE CELL CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Feeding Schedules and Media Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 General properties of media and salt solutions • water as a reagent· Establishingfeeding schedules Subcultivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Solutions and methods for adherent cells • Common enzyme solutions • Inoculating (seeding) the cultures Cell Enumeration and Cell Viability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Hemocytometer • Particle counter • Cell viability Putting Routine Methods to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Normal cell growth characteristics Detecting and Disposing of Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Bacteria and fUngi • Fungi • Mycoplasma • Viruses • Dealing with contamination Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Inadequate cell growth • Recurrent contamination • When to call your vendor Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Biological hazards • Chemical hazards Suggested Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Problem Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 EXPERIMENTS IN CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 II Alterations of the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Serum • Treatments of serum • Plasma-derived serum • Serum-free and low-protein media Substrata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Coatingplasticware with solutions • Alterations with polymers • Using cells to coat the plasticware • Culturing cells on microcarriers Altering the Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Temperature changes • Gaseous changes Problem Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 CONTENTS vii PRIMARY CELL CULTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Dissection • Enzymatic dissociation methods • Nonenzymatic isolation • Purification of cell suspensions • Consideringyield and survival Chatacterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .