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Thyroid Hormones In Relation To Early Development And Triiodothyronine T3 Treatment Of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch Eggs At Water Hardening
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Book Synopsis Thyroid Hormones in Relation to Early Development and Triiodothyronine (T3) Treatment of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Eggs at Water Hardening by : Elizabeth Ella Mooney
Download or read book Thyroid Hormones in Relation to Early Development and Triiodothyronine (T3) Treatment of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Eggs at Water Hardening written by Elizabeth Ella Mooney and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fisheries Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Changes in Thyroid Hormone Content and Iodide Uptake During Early Development of Coho and Chinook Salmon by : Michael Neil Greenblatt
Download or read book Changes in Thyroid Hormone Content and Iodide Uptake During Early Development of Coho and Chinook Salmon written by Michael Neil Greenblatt and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research in Fisheries by : University of Washington. College of Fisheries
Download or read book Research in Fisheries written by University of Washington. College of Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thyroxin Levels in Early Developmental Stages of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) by : Louise Kobuke
Download or read book Thyroxin Levels in Early Developmental Stages of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) written by Louise Kobuke and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology by :
Download or read book Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Visual Pigment Changes in Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch by :
Download or read book The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Visual Pigment Changes in Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Alexander, George Publisher :National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada ISBN 13 :9780612376809 Total Pages :340 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (768 download)
Book Synopsis The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Visual Pigment Changes in Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch [microform] by : Alexander, George
Download or read book The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Visual Pigment Changes in Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch [microform] written by Alexander, George and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Iodide and Temperature on the Plasma Concentrations of the Thyroid Hormones, Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) by : Richard Paul Schneider
Download or read book The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Iodide and Temperature on the Plasma Concentrations of the Thyroid Hormones, Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) written by Richard Paul Schneider and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hormones and Osmoregulation in Developing Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) by : Nurney Harold Richman
Download or read book Hormones and Osmoregulation in Developing Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) written by Nurney Harold Richman and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stress, Osmoregulation, and the Hormone Cortisol in Yearling Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch by : Joseph Michael Redding
Download or read book Stress, Osmoregulation, and the Hormone Cortisol in Yearling Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch written by Joseph Michael Redding and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) acclimated yearling coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, were subjected to severe confinement stress in FW, SW, or a medium (1/3 SW) that was approximately isosmotic to the fish's blood. Chronic stress caused osmotic imbalances in FW and SW, but not in 1/3 SW. In SW, blood osmolarity and electrolyte concentrations increased, while in FW they generally decreased. Acclimation conditions (FW or SW) before stress influenced the severity and duration of the osmotic imbalance. Confinement stress greatly amplified the osmotic imbalance following transfer from FW to SW compared to that in unconfined fish whose water supply was switched from FW to SW. Plasma cortisol levels during stress were also affected by acclimation conditions and ambient salinity. Plasma cortisol levels increased during acclimation to SW. Maxmimal concentrations of approximately 220 ng/ml occurred within 1.5 h after the water source was switched from FW to SW. After 21 d in SW, cortisol levels were still slightly elevated (23 ng/ml) compared to those in FW control fish (4 ng/ml). Chronic treatment with cortisol lowered gill Na+-K+-ATPase levels in FW fish but did not affect plasma osmolarity, Na, K, Ca, or Mg levels in fish in FW or during acclimation to SW. Thyroxine (T) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels in plasma increased significantly after ambient water was switched from FW to SW. Maximal levels of T3 (8.0 ng/ml) occurred within 12 h after the initial exposure to SW, followed by a return to FW basal levels (4.0 ng/mi) within 24 h. Plasma T levels were higher than FW control levels (4.2 ng/ml) for at least 120 h after exposure to SW; peak levels (14.3 ng/ml) occurred at 12 and 72 h. Chronic treatment with cortisol significantly lowered plasma T3 levels in FW and during acclimation to SW; but it had no significant effect on T concentrations. The metabolic clearance rate of corticosteroids determined after a single injection of 3H-cortisol was higher in SW- than in FW-acclimated fish. Uptake and retention of corticosteroids in liver, gill filaments, and gall bladder bile was greater in SW than in FW fish. The stress of long-term (5 d), but not short-term (12 h), continuous confinement apparently increased the clearance rate of corticosteroids in both FW and SW fish. Chronic, but not acute, administration of exogenous cortisol at physiological levels appeared to increase the clearance rate of corticosteroids in FW fish.
Book Synopsis Effects of the Thyroid Hormone Triiodothyronine and the Anti-thyroid Drug Propylthiouracil on Thyroid System Function, Smoltification, and Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) by : Craig Vincent Sullivan
Download or read book Effects of the Thyroid Hormone Triiodothyronine and the Anti-thyroid Drug Propylthiouracil on Thyroid System Function, Smoltification, and Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) written by Craig Vincent Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Hormones on Development of Embryonic and Post Embryonic Salmonids, and Hormone Metabolism During These Stages by : Choo-Guan Yeoh
Download or read book The Effects of Hormones on Development of Embryonic and Post Embryonic Salmonids, and Hormone Metabolism During These Stages written by Choo-Guan Yeoh and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of hormone reservoirs in mature teleost eggs is unknown. To elucidate the effects of hormones on embryonic development, steelhead trout eggs, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were immersed in either cortisol, testosterone, or thyroxine at two different stages of development. Elevated concentrations of cortisol were detectable in the trout eggs or embryos after immersion. Eggs exposed to cortisol during water hardening hatched faster than eggs exposed at the eyed stage. Eggs that hatched faster had elevated cortisol and cortisol glucuronide concentrations at hatch compared to groups immersed at eyed or control groups. The dedine of these elevated concentrations of cortisol and cortisol glucuronide during embryonic development suggest conversion, clearance or both. Eggs exposed to cortisol at the earlier developmental stage did not appear to clear or convert cortisol as efficiently as those exposed at a later stage. Testosterone did not accelerate hatching in steelhead trout. Thyroxine accelerated hatching in eggs immersed at the eyed stages but had no effect when given at water hardening. These eggs that hatched faster were more synchronous in hatching time compared to other groups. Prior to exogenous feeding (50 days post fertilization, dpf), animals immersed in cortisol when eye pigments had higher mean condition factor (Kn) than other experimental or control groups, but this effect was gone by 83 dpf. However, at 130 dpf, cortisol groups that were immersed at the eyed stage were again heavier, longer, and more robust than other groups. At 50 dpf, animals immersed in thyroxine at water hardening were significantly longer and less robust (smaller condition factor, Kn). These effects disappeared by 83 dpf.
Book Synopsis Evolution of Thyroid Enhancement of Embryogenesis and Early Survival by : Christopher Lyon Brown
Download or read book Evolution of Thyroid Enhancement of Embryogenesis and Early Survival written by Christopher Lyon Brown and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iodine imparts protective antioxidant actions that improve the fitness of invertebrate organisms, and peptides carrying iodine initially appear to have served in a defensive capacity. Tyrosine carries multiple iodines in some echinoderms, and these peptides transferred to progeny serve both protective and signaling purposes. This parental relationship appears to be the most likely evolutionary basis for emergence of the vertebrate thyroid endocrine system, and its critically important development-promoting actions in larval and (later) fetal ontogeny. Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) induce settlement and stimulate transitions to alternative feeding modes in some echinoderms. This transgenerational relationship has been conserved and elaborated in vertebrates, including humans, which share common ancestry with echinoderms. Thyroid insufficiency is damaging or can be lethal to larval fishes; egg yolk that is insufficiently primed with maternal thyroid hormones (TH) results in compromised development and high mortality rates at the time of first-feeding. Maternally-derived TH supplied to offspring supports the onset of independent feeding in fishes (eye, mouth, lateral line, swim bladder and intestinal maturation) and survival by comparable developmental mechanisms in placental mammals. Fishes evolved precise control of TH secretion and peripheral processing; early metamorphic and feeding mode actions were joined by controlled thermogenesis in homeotherms.
Book Synopsis The Fish Oocyte by : Patrick J. Babin
Download or read book The Fish Oocyte written by Patrick J. Babin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the growing needs in deciphering the biological processes associated with fish reproduction, in view of the growth of aquaculture and the dwindling natural stocks of commercially important fish. It presents a comprehensive overview on egg production in fish, from the standpoint of the oocyte. With this view in mind, the book includes chapters on oocyte development (oogenesis), hormonal regulation and hormone receptors, formation of the egg envelopes, growth, accumulation of nutrients and maternal transcripts, maturation, hydration, ovulation and fertilization. A special emphasis is placed on using state-of-the-art tools including electron microscopy for discerning the ultra-structure of the follicle and genomic/proteomic tools to fully understand biological basis of fish reproduction. Studies on promoting oocyte maturation, ovulation and spawning in farmed fish and preservation of fish oocytes at low temperatures are also included. The book will appeal to University lecturers, students, research scientists and those associated with culture of fish in freshwater or marine aquaculture.
Book Synopsis Hormonal and Osmoregulatory Aspects of Smoltification in Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch by : Jennifer Lee Specker
Download or read book Hormonal and Osmoregulatory Aspects of Smoltification in Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch written by Jennifer Lee Specker and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coho salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were transported at low and high densities. (12 and 120 g/L) for short and long periods (4 and 12 h). Because smolts can be transplanted directly to seawater, half of the fish in each treatment were transported to tanks containing seawater and half to tanks containing freshwater. Plasma corticosteroids and glucose were elevated at unloading in all groups. Corticosteroids were still above the resting levels 24 h later, whereas glucose had returned to basal levels at this time. Potential smoltification indicators such as plasma thyroxin concentration and gill Na-K-ATPase activity were not affected by transportation. Increased corticosteroids were correlated to increased mortality in transported salmon compared to acclimated control fish when subjected to a bioassay of stress severe confinement. It is concluded that transportation induced stress in the fish regardless of hauling regimen, that increased corticosteroids may have potential as indicators of reduced performance capacity, that the greatest stress occurred during loading and the first few hours en route, and that transported coho salmon smolts seem to be equally fit for entry into freshwater or seawater. Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary system probably mediate the environmental changes and endogenous rhythms that regulate the timing and physiological alterations of smoltification. Because thyroid hyperactivity is a major endocrine component of smoltification, yearling coho salmon were injected with mammalian prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) to determine their effect on plasma thyroxin concentrations. The response of plasma thyroxin to TSH is similar from January through May in coho salmon, suggesting that the thyroid does not change in sensitivity to TSH. A dose of 0.04 to 0.07 I.U. TSH is the minimum dose sufficient to significantly increase plasma thyroxin concentration. PRL (1 to 9 I.U.) depressed plasma thyroxin levels in coho salmon parr, smolts, and post-smolts. Increased plasma thyroxin and gill Na-K-ATPase levels tentatively are considered indicative of smoltification, migratory readiness, and hence, seawater adaptability. In an experiment to consider a methodology which could be implemented at a culture facility to enhance the survival of ocean-going smolts and perhaps mitigate losses due to stunting, an abnormality of smoltification, coho salmon parr were maintained for 3 wk in water supplemented with sodium or calcium salts. Prolonged residence in sodium - supplemented freshwater increased plasma thyroxin levels and tended to elevate gill Na-K-ATPase activity. In contrast, acute exposure (24 h) to 75% seawater halved plasma thyroxin levels in coho salmon parr. Gradual acclimation to increased ambient salinity may accelerate changes in, or enhance, plasma thyroxin levels and gill Na-K-ATPase activity, and thus potentially improve the growth and survival of outmigrating smolts and reduce losses due to stunting. Plasma corticosteroid levels were determined during smoltification and in response to mammalian PRL and TSH. The interrenal tissue, which synthesizes corticosteroids, becomes hyperactive during smoltification. Exogenous PRL and TSH have no effect on plasma corticosteroid levels at any time during smoltification. Plasma corticosteroid levels increase eight-fold between early April and late May in coho salmon, concurrent with increasing gill Na-K-ATPase and seaward migration. Generally, plasma levels of thyroxin and corticosteroids are related inversely. Thyroxin levels are maximum in early April, with the onset of silvering, and corticosteroids are at minimal concentrations at this time. Thereafter, thyroxin levels decline and corticosteroids increase.
Book Synopsis Physiology of Interrenal Function in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) and Effects of Hatchery Rearing Practices by : Reynaldo Patiño
Download or read book Physiology of Interrenal Function in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) and Effects of Hatchery Rearing Practices written by Reynaldo Patiño and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Periodic determinations of plasma hormone levels suggested that changes in interrenal activity are unrelated to changes in thyroidal or gonadal activity during development (smoltification) of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Moreover, in an experiment where fish were reared under various conditions of crowding and water inflow rate, it appeared that changes of interrenal activity were also unrelated to changes in gill Na/K-ATPase activity during smoltification. This finding placed some doubt on current hypotheses regarding the significance of interrenal tissue vis-a-vis osmoregulatory organs in fresh water during smoltification, since these hypotheses require a close positive correlation between changes in their activities. Also, the relationships I observed among the experimental rearing conditions (crowding and water inflow levels), water quality (oxygen and total dissolved ammonia levels), and the physiological status of the fish (plasma cortisol, thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels, and gill Na/K-ATPase activity) suggested that crowding stress itself is an important factor by which high rearing density affects the physiology of coho salmon. Lowering the rearing density from a high to a low level two weeks before sampling affected plasma cortisol but not plasma thyroxine or gill Na/K-ATPase. The main steroid secreted by unstimulated or ACTH-stimulated interrenal cells in vitro was cortisol. However, the main plasma corticosteroids were cortisol and cortisone, and the levels of both steroids increased during stress or seawater exposure. I concluded that cortisone arises from the peripheral transformation of cortisol and that a clarification of its significance is needed for an adequate understanding of corticosteroid physiology in teleosts. An increase in extracellular osmolality or sodium levels within the physiological range slightly enhanced the spontaneous release of cortisol by interrenal cells in vitro, but it did not affect the steroidogenic response of the cells to ACTH. Potassium enhanced steroid secretion only when elevated to pharmacological levels; changes within the physiological range of this ion did not have modulatory effects on ACTH-induced steroidogenesis. Thus, in contrast to findings in other classes of vertebrates changes in the levels of plasma monovalent ions or osmotic pressure may not be important factors directly regulating interrenal function in coho salmon. Treatment of interrenal cells with forskolin enhanced cortisol secretion in vitro, and hydrolysis-resistant ATP analogs depressed the response of the cells to ACTH. Analogs of cAMP, but not of cGMP, enhanced steroid secretion. Thus, as in most other vertebrates, cAMP is a major mediator of ACTH-induced steroidogenesis in interrenal cells of coho salmon. However, in contrast to previous findings in other vertebrates, phosphatidylinositol and cholera toxin did not affect interrenal steroidogenesis in coho salmon.
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