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Three Sufi Martyr Poets Of India Sarmad Dara Shikoh And Makhfi
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Download or read book 'Attar: Selected Poems written by and published by New Humanity Books. This book was released on with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Two-Colored Brocade by : Annemarie Schimmel
Download or read book A Two-Colored Brocade written by Annemarie Schimmel and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annemarie Schimmel, one of the world's foremost authorities on Persian literature, provides a comprehensive introduction to the complicated and highly sophisticated system of rhetoric and imagery used by the poets of Iran, Ottoman Turkey, and Muslim India. She shows that these images have been used and refined over the centuries and reflect the changing conditions in the Muslim world. According to Schimmel, Persian poetry does not aim to be spontaneous in spirit or highly personal in form. Instead it is rooted in conventions and rules of prosody, rhymes, and verbal instrumentation. Ideally, every verse should be like a precious stone--perfectly formed and multifaceted--and convey the dynamic relationship between everyday reality and the transcendental. Persian poetry, Schimmel explains, is more similar to medieval European verse than Western poetry as it has been written since the Romantic period. The characteristic verse form is the ghazal--a set of rhyming couplets--which serves as a vehicle for shrouding in conventional tropes the poet's real intentions. Because Persian poetry is neither narrative nor dramatic in its overall form, its strength lies in an "architectonic" design; each precisely expressed image is carefully fitted into a pattern of linked figures of speech. Schimmel shows that at its heart Persian poetry transforms the world into a web of symbols embedded in Islamic culture.
Download or read book Delhi By Heart written by Raza Rumi and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sensitively written account of a Pakistani writer's discovery of Delhi Why, asks Raza Rumi, does the capital of another country feel like home? How is it that a man from Pakistan can cross the border into 'hostile' territory and yet not feel 'foreign'? Is it the geography, the architecture, the food? Or is it the streets, the festivals and the colours of the subcontinent, so familiar and yes, beloved... As he takes in the sights, from the Sufi shrines in the south to the markets of Old Delhi, from Lutyens' stately mansions to Ghalib's crumbling abode, Raza uncovers the many layers of the city. He connects with the richness of the Urdu language, observes the syncretic evolution of mystical Islam in India and its deep connections with Hindustani classical music - so much a part of his own selfhood. And every so often, he returns to the refuge of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya, the twelfth-century pir, whose dargah still reverberates with music and prayer every evening. His wanderings through Delhi lead Raza back in time to recollections of a long-forgotten Hindu ancestry and to comparisons with his own city of Lahore - in many ways a mirror image of Delhi. They also lead to reflections on the nature of the modern city, the inherent conflict between the native and the immigrant and, inevitably, to an inquiry into his own identity as a South Asian Muslim. Rich with history and anecdote, and conversations with Dilliwalas known and unknown,Delhi By Heart offers an unusual perspective and unexpected insights into the political and cultural capital of India.
Book Synopsis Sufism and Indian Mysticism by : Akhtarul Wasey
Download or read book Sufism and Indian Mysticism written by Akhtarul Wasey and published by Readworthy. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed articles.
Book Synopsis The Persian Mystics by : Frederick Hadland Davis
Download or read book The Persian Mystics written by Frederick Hadland Davis and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2007-04-01 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rumi (1207-1273) was a Persian jurist and theologian best known for being perhaps the finest of all Sufi poets. His writings have been widely translated and remain especially popular in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. Though written from a Sufi perspective, Rumi's poems on spiritual growth-here collected and edited by F. Hadland Davis and first published in 1907-cross all cultural and religious bounds, and can still be heard today in many secular and religious settings. The Persian Mystics: Jalalu'd-din Rumi includes selections from some of Rumi's most famous works, the "Divani Shamsi Tabriz" and the "Masnavi," as well as passages on his life and work, and the origin and nature of Sufism. FREDERICK HADLAND DAVIS is also the author of The Persian Mystics: Jami (1908) and Myths and Legends of Japan (1912), both available from Cosimo.
Book Synopsis The Book of Dara Shikoh by : Dara Shikoh
Download or read book The Book of Dara Shikoh written by Dara Shikoh and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE BOOK OF DARA SHIKOH Life, Poems & Prose Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Dara Shikoh (1615-1659) was the oldest son of Emperor Shah Jahan of Mughal India and was known to be a loving husband, a good son and loving father. He was a fine poet, his poems having the influence of Sufism to which he was dedicated. He used 'Qadiri' as his takhallus or pen-name. His Divan of ghazals, ruba'is and qasidas in Persian was not the only work he left us, his five prose works on Sufism and mysticism are popular in India even today. His Majma al-Bahrain or The Mingling of the Two Oceans (included as an appendix) is an explanation of the mystical sameness of Sufism and Vedanta. He also translated the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and Yoga-Vasishta into Persian. He was defeated after leading an uprising against his cruel, fundamentalist brother Emperor Aurangzeb and was brutally killed in 1659. The correct rhyme-structure has been kept and the meaning of these beautiful, powerful, always mystical poems. This is the largest translation of his poems into English. Introduction: The Life, Times & Works of Dara Shikoh, Three Sufi-Poets Who Knew & Influenced Dara Shikoh, Sufis & Dervishes: Their Art and Use of Poetry, Two of the Poetic Forms Used by Dara Shikoh. Five Appendixes including Introduction to his trans. to the Upanishads and exhibition of paintings on his life. Large Format Paperback 7" x 10" Illustrated 276 pages. COMMENTS ON PAUL SMITH'S TRANSLATION OF HAFIZ'S 'DIVAN'."It is not a joke... the English version of ALL the ghazals of Hafiz is a great feat and of paramount importance. I am astonished. If he comes to Iran I will kiss the fingertips that wrote such a masterpiece inspired by the Creator of all." Dr. Mir Mohammad Taghavi (Dr. of Literature) Tehran."Superb translations. 99% Hafiz 1% Paul Smith." Ali Akbar Shapurzman, translator of many mystical works in English into Persian and knower of Hafiz's Divan off by heart."I was very impressed with the beauty of these books." Dr. R.K. Barz. Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University."Smith has probably put together the greatest collection of literary facts and history concerning Hafiz." Daniel Ladinsky (Penguin Books author). Paul Smith is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets from the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre and many others, as well as poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books and screenplays. New Humanity Books amazon.com/author/smithpa
Book Synopsis Ruba'iyat of Dara Shikoh by : Dara Shikoh
Download or read book Ruba'iyat of Dara Shikoh written by Dara Shikoh and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2012-09-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *RUBA'IYAT OF DARA SHIKOH* Translation & Introduction by Paul Smith Dara Shikoh (1615-1659) was the oldest son of Emperor Shah Jahan of Mughal India and was known to be a loving husband, a good son and loving father. He was a fine poet, his poems having the influence of Sufism to which he was dedicated. He used 'Qadiri' as his takhallus or pen-name. His Divan of ghazals, ruba'is and qasidas in Persian was not the only work he left us, his five prose works on Sufism and mysticism are popular in India even today. His Majma al-Bahrain or The Mingling of the Two Oceans is an explanation of the mystical sameness of Sufism and Vedanta. He also translated the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and Yoga-Vasishta into Persian. He was defeated after leading an uprising against his cruel, fundamentalist brother Emperor Aurangzeb and was brutally killed in 1659. The correct rhyme-structure has been kept and the meaning of these beautiful, powerful, always mystical poems. This is the largest translation of his poems into English. 148 pagesCOMMENTS ON PAUL SMITH'S TRANSLATION OF HAFIZ'S 'DIVAN'."It is not a joke... the English version of ALL the ghazals of Hafiz is a great feat and of paramount importance. I am astonished. If he comes to Iran I will kiss the fingertips that wrote such a masterpiece inspired by the Creator of all." Dr. Mir Mohammad Taghavi (Dr. of Literature) Tehran."Superb translations. 99% Hafiz 1% Paul Smith." Ali Akbar Shapurzman, translator of many mystical works in English into Persian and knower of Hafiz's Divan off by heart."I was very impressed with the beauty of these books." Dr. R.K. Barz. Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University."Smith has probably put together the greatest collection of literary facts and history concerning Hafiz." Daniel Ladinsky (Penguin Books author). Paul Smith is a poet, author and translator of over 80 books of Sufi poets from the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre and many others, as well as poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books and screenplays. Published by New Humanity Books amazon.com/author/smithpa
Download or read book Akbar Ahmed written by Akbar S. Ahmed and published by Saqi Books. This book was released on 2009 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published for the first time, these two plays give unique insights into Muslim society.
Book Synopsis Two Master Sufi Poets and Friends of Delhi -Amir Khusrau and Hasan Dehlavi by : Amir Khusrau
Download or read book Two Master Sufi Poets and Friends of Delhi -Amir Khusrau and Hasan Dehlavi written by Amir Khusrau and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-22 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TWO MASTER SUFI POETS & FRIENDS OF DELHI AMIR KHUSRAU & HASAN DEHLAVI Selected Poems & BiographiesTranslation & Introduction Paul SmithIn Delhi in the 13th century the great Sufi Master Nizam al-Din Auliya of the Chistiyya order had two famous disciples who were also poets: Amir Khusrau, the 'Parrot of India' and Hasan Dehlavi, the 'Sadi of India' who remained close friends all their lives. Amir Khusrau composed over 90 books and was a musician who invented the sitar as well as being an historian, and many other occupations... a truly 'universal man'. He too eventually became a Spiritual Master. He was influential on Hafiz of Shiraz who copied his ghazals and was probably the founder of the Urdu language. He composed ghazals, ruba'is, many masnavis and in most other forms of Persian poetry. Hasan Dehlavi born in the same year as Khusrau was a supreme master of the ghazal and also composed a famous book of stories and sayings of their Spiritual Master, Nizam al-Din Auliya. The large selection of poetry translated of both poets is in the correct rhyme structure & meaning. Introduction: The Spiritual Master of the Two Poets, Sufis & Dervishes: Their Art and Use of Poetry, Some of the Persian Poetic Forms Used by the Poets, Biographies & Selected Bibliographies. Large Format Paperback, 7" x 10" 355 pages.COMMENTS ON PAUL SMITH'S TRANSLATION OF HAFIZ'S 'DIVAN'."It is not a joke... the English version of ALL the ghazals of Hafiz is a great feat and of paramount importance. " Dr. Mir Mohammad Taghavi (Dr. of Literature) Tehran."Superb translations. 99% Hafiz 1% Paul Smith." Ali Akbar Shapurzman, translator of works in English into Persian and knower of Hafiz's Divan off by heart."I was very impressed with the beauty of these books." Dr. R.K. Barz. Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University. "Smith has probably put together the greatest collection of literary facts and history concerning Hafiz." Daniel Ladinsky (Penguin Books author). "I have never seen such a good translation and I would like to write a book in Farsi and introduce his Introduction to Iranians." Mr B. Khorramshai, Academy of Philosophy, Tehran.Paul Smith is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets from the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Bulleh Shah, Shah Latif, Mansur Hallaj, Yunus Emre, Mu'in, Ibn Farid, Lalla Ded, Mahsati, Abu Said, Ghalib, Nazir, Iqbal, Inayat Khan and many others, as well as poetry, fiction, plays, children's books, biographies and screenplays. www.newhumanitybooks.com
Book Synopsis Prince Dara Shikoh & His Niece Princess Zeb-un-nissa by : Dara Shikoh
Download or read book Prince Dara Shikoh & His Niece Princess Zeb-un-nissa written by Dara Shikoh and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PRINCE DARA SHIKOH & HIS NIECE, PRINCESS ZEB-UN-NISSA (MAKHFI) Two Sufi Poet-Martyrs under the Fundamentalist Mughal Emperor of India, Aurangzeb Lives & Selected Poems Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Dara Shikoh (1615-1659) was the oldest son of Emperor Shah Jahan of Mughal India and was known to be a loving husband, a good son and loving father anf Sufi uncle to his neice 'Makhfi'. He was a fine poet, his poems having the influence of Sufism to which he was dedicated. He used 'Qadiri' as his takhallus or pen-name. His Divan of ghazals, ruba'is and qasidas in Persian was not the only work he left us, his five prose works on Sufism and mysticism are popular in India even today. His Majma al-Bahrain or The Mingling of the Two Oceans (included as an appendix) is an explanation of the mystical sameness of Sufism and Vedanta. He also translated the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and Yoga-Vasishta into Persian. He was defeated after leading an uprising against his cruel, fundamentalist brother Emperor Aurangzeb and was brutally killed in 1659. This is the largest translation of his poems into English. Introduction: Life, Times & Works of Dara Shikoh, Sufi-Poets Who Knew & Influenced him, Sufis & Dervishes: Their Art and Use of Poetry, Two of the Poetic Forms Used by Dara Shikoh & ''Makhfi'. Four Appendixes including Introduction to his trans. to the Upanishads and exhibition of paintings on his life. Makhfi (1638-1702) pen-name meaning 'concealed', was Zeb-un-Nissa the beautiful and talented oldest daughter of the strict Muslim Emperor of India, Aurangzeb. She was imprisoned for 20 years for her Sufi views and conspiring with a brother (Dara Shikoh) against him. Her ghazals and ruba'is in Persian are deep, spiritual and at times truly heartbreaking. The correct forms and spiritual meaning are preserved in this large selection of both unique poets poetry. Introduction on her Life & Times, Selected Bibliography. Large Format Paperback 7" x 10" Illustrated 317 pages. Paul Smith (b. 1945) is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets from the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre, Seemab, Huma, Iqbal, Ghalib, Jigar, Baba Farid, and many others, as well as poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books and screenplays. www.newhumanitybooks.com
Book Synopsis Divan of Dara Shikoh by : Dara Shikoh
Download or read book Divan of Dara Shikoh written by Dara Shikoh and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIVAN OF DARA SHIKOHTranslation & Introduction Paul SmithDara Shikoh (1615-1659) was the oldest son of Emperor Shah Jahan of Mughal India and was known to be a loving husband, a good son and loving father. He was a fine poet, his poems having the influence of Sufism to which he was dedicated. He used 'Qadiri' as his takhallus or pen-name. His Divan of ghazals, ruba'is and qasidas in Persian was not the only work he left us, his five prose works on Sufism and mysticism are popular in India even today. His Majma al-Bahrain or The Mingling of the Two Oceans (included as an appendix) is an explanation of the mystical sameness of Sufism and Vedanta. He also translated the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and Yoga-Vasishta into Persian. He was defeated after leading an uprising against his cruel, fundamentalist brother Emperor Aurangzeb and was brutally killed in 1659. The correct rhyme-structure has been kept and the meaning of these beautiful, powerful, always mystical poems. This is the largest translation of his poems into English in the correct forms. Introduction: The Life, Times & Works of Dara Shikoh, Three Sufi-Poets Who Knew & Influenced Dara Shikoh, Sufis & Dervishes: Their Art and Use of Poetry, Two of the Poetic Forms Used by Dara Shikoh. Five Appendixes including Introduction to his trans. to the Upanishads and exhibition of paintings on his life. Large Format Paperback 7" x 10" Illustrated 278 pages.COMMENTS ON PAUL SMITH'S TRANSLATION OF HAFIZ'S 'DIVAN'."It is not a joke... the English version of ALL ghazals of Hafiz is a great feat and of paramount importance. I am astonished." Dr. Mir Mohammad Taghavi (Dr. of Literature) Tehran."Superb translations. 99% Hafiz 1% Paul Smith." Ali Akbar Shapurzman, translator of many mystical works in English into Persian and knower of Hafiz's Divan off by heart."I was very impressed with the beauty of these books." Dr. R.K. Barz. Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University."Smith has probably put together the greatest collection of literary facts and history concerning Hafiz." Daniel Ladinsky (Penguin Books author). Paul Smith (b. 1945) is a poet, author and translator8of many books of Sufi poets from the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre, Iqbal, Ghalib, Seemab, Jigar, Dard, Zauq, Ibn Farid, Abu Nuwas and many others, as well as poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books and screenplays.
Book Synopsis Metaphor and Imagery in Persian Poetry by : Ali Asghar Seyed-Gohrab
Download or read book Metaphor and Imagery in Persian Poetry written by Ali Asghar Seyed-Gohrab and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2011-10-14 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of essays on classical Persian literature, focusing on Persian rhetorical devices, especially imagery and metaphors. The various contributions discuss the origin and the development of debate poetry, the transmission of Persian and Arabic tales to the works of Europeans medieval authors such as Boccaccio and Chaucer, but also the development of Aristotelian poetics and epistemology in Persian philosophical tradition. Furthermore, the baroque style of the Shiʿite author Ḥusayn Vāʾiẓ Kāshifī, the use of wine metaphors by mystics such as Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, Ḥāfiẓ’s original use of candle metaphors, the translation of Khayyām’s metaphors into English, and the importance of a single metaphor in the epic Barzū-nāma are discussed. Contributors include: F. Abdullaeva, G.R. van den Berg, J. Landau, F.D. Lewis, N. Pourjavady, Ch. van Ruymbeke, A. Sedighi and S. Sharma
Download or read book One of a Kind written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Beholding Beauty by : Domenico Ingenito
Download or read book Beholding Beauty written by Domenico Ingenito and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Beholding Beauty: Saʿdi of Shiraz and the Aesthetics of Desire in Medieval Persian Poetry, Domenico Ingenito explores the unstudied connections between eroticism, spirituality, and politics in the lyric poetry of 13th-century literary master Sa‘di Shirazi.
Download or read book Lahore written by Pran Nevile and published by Penguin Books India. This book was released on 2006 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lahore, First Published In 1993, Is Pran Nevile S Tribute To The Land Of His Birth. Grounded In Memory And Redolent With Nostalgia, Nevile S Reminiscences Transport The Reader Into The Heart Of Lahore As It Was In The 1930S And 40S A City Bustling With Activity Where People Coexisted Harmoniously, Unfettered By Considerations Of Religion, Region Or Caste. From The Riotous Seasonal Festivities Of Kite-Flying To Clandestine Love-Affairs Upon Rooftops, From Matinee Shows At The Cinema To Twilight Hours Spent Amongst The Bejewelled Dancing Girls Of Hira Mandi, Lahore Emerges As A City Of Mesmerizing Contradictions And Chaotic Splendour. The Author Underscores The Contrast Between Pre- And Post-Partition Lahore, And The Sense Of Pain, Loss And Longing For One S Homeland Experienced By The Displaced Millions In India And Pakistan Is Palpable. Evocative And Informative, Lahore Is At Once Social Commentary, Historical Documentation And Memoir.
Download or read book Sufism written by Sadia Dehlvi and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engaging and well-researched narrative provides an insider's understanding of Islam in all its aspects. It elaborates on how Sufism is the preserved spiritual path that forms the heart of Islam. Drawing from an in-depth study of Muslim texts and traditions, the author articulates that Sufism is not an innovation, but the continuity of a thought process that links Muslims to their religious predecessors all the way to Prophet Muhammad. The book covers the remarkable lives of the early Sufis, their literature, and philosophies that stress on the purification of the heart. It highlights the major Sufi orders, their popularity in the subcontinent and how the teachings of Sufi Masters impacted the devotional aspect of Muslims forever. This comprehensive account spans from early Islam to the modern day concerns of militant ideologies, arguing how they pose the biggest threat to the classical understanding of the faith. It offers an insightful look at the complex relationship of Sufism with both Muslim and non-Muslim societies.
Book Synopsis Ruba'iyats of Five Great Sufi Poets of India by : Sarmad
Download or read book Ruba'iyats of Five Great Sufi Poets of India written by Sarmad and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RUBA'IYATS OF FIVE GREAT SUFI POETS OF INDIASarmad, Dara Shikoh, Bedil, Hali, IqbalTranslation and Introduction Paul SmithThe ruba'i is perhaps the oldest form in Persian Sufi Poetry. In its four lines, most rhyming, can be found the deep wisdom, suffering, love and mysticism of its greatest earlier and later exponents of Sufi Spirituality and human love, despair and grief, in Persia and India. The correct rhyme-structure has been kept as well as the beauty and meaning of these magical four-line poems. Sarmad (1590-1659) was a famous and infamous Persian dervish poet of Jewish and Armenian origin. As a merchant he gathered his wares and travelled to India to sell them. In India he renounced Judaism for Sufism. He wrote beautiful poetry in the form of rubai's. He wandered the streets and the courts as a naked dervish. He was beheaded by Emperor Aurangzeb for his perceived heretical poetry. Dara Shikoh (1615-1659) was the oldest son of Emperor Shah Jahan of Mughal India. He was a fine poet, his poems having the influence of Sufism to which he was dedicated. He used 'Qadiri' as his takhallus or pen-name. He cpmposed mainly ruba'is and was a friend of Sarmad. He was defeated and executed after leading an uprising against his cruel, fundamentalist brother Emperor Aurangzeb. Bedil (1644-1721) was born and educated near Patna in India. In later life he travelled. His writings in Persian are extensive, being one of the creators of the 'Indian style'. He had complicated views on God, influenced by the Sufis. His 16 books of poetry contain 0ver 3600 ruba'is. He is now considered a great later master of this form. Hali (1837-1914) has a special place in Urdu Sufi literature. He was poet, critic, teacher, reformer and prose-writer. He acquired through his own efforts Urdu, Persian and Arabic and English. As a poet he was a mater of the ruba'i. He wrote biographies of Ghalib and Sadi. Iqbal (1873-1938) graduated from Government College, Lahore with a master's degree in philosophy. He taught there while he established his reputation as an Urdu poet. He turned to Islam and Sufism for inspiration and rejected nationalism as a disease of the West. Becoming convinced that Muslims were in danger from the Hindu majority if India should become independent, he gave his support to Jinnah as the leader of India's Muslims. He is perhaps the last great master of the famous four-line ruba'i form of poetry, having composed over 550 of them in Persian & Urdu. Life and Selected Bibliographies on all Poets. Introduction: Sufis: Their Art and Use of Poetry; Form, Function & History of the Ruba'i. All poems are in the correct poetic form. Large Format Paperback 7" x 10" 589 pages.Paul Smith (b. 1945) is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets of the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre, Lalla Ded, Mahasti, Iqbal, Ghalib, Rahman Baba, Ibn al-Farid, 'Iraqi, Aatish, Seemab, and many others, as well as his own poetry, fiction, plays, children's books, biographies and a dozen screenplays.www.newhumanitybooks.com