Three Liability Regimes For Artificial Intelligence

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Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence

Author : Anna Beckers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781509949366
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (493 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence by : Anna Beckers

Download or read book Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence written by Anna Beckers and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes three liability regimes to combat the wide responsibility gaps caused by AI systems - vicarious liability for autonomous software agents (actants); enterprise liability for inseparable human-AI interactions (hybrids); and collective fund liability for interconnected AI systems (crowds). Based on information technology studies, the book first develops a threefold typology that distinguishes individual, hybrid and collective machine behaviour. A subsequent social science analysis specifies the socio-digital institutions related to this threefold typology. Then it determines the social risks that emerge when algorithms operate within these institutions. Actants raise the risk of digital autonomy, hybrids the risk of double contingency in human-algorithm encounters, crowds the risk of opaque interconnections. The book demonstrates that the law needs to respond to these specific risks, by recognising personified algorithms as vicarious agents, human-machine associations as collective enterprises, and interconnected systems as risk pools - and by developing corresponding liability rules. The book relies on a unique combination of information technology studies, sociological institution and risk analysis, and comparative law. This approach uncovers recursive relations between types of machine behaviour, emergent socio-digital institutions, their concomitant risks, legal conditions of liability rules, and ascription of legal status to the algorithms involved.

Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence

Author : Anna Beckers
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509949348
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence by : Anna Beckers

Download or read book Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence written by Anna Beckers and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes three liability regimes to combat the wide responsibility gaps caused by AI systems – vicarious liability for autonomous software agents (actants); enterprise liability for inseparable human-AI interactions (hybrids); and collective fund liability for interconnected AI systems (crowds). Based on information technology studies, the book first develops a threefold typology that distinguishes individual, hybrid and collective machine behaviour. A subsequent social science analysis specifies the socio-digital institutions related to this threefold typology. Then it determines the social risks that emerge when algorithms operate within these institutions. Actants raise the risk of digital autonomy, hybrids the risk of double contingency in human-algorithm encounters, crowds the risk of opaque interconnections. The book demonstrates that the law needs to respond to these specific risks, by recognising personified algorithms as vicarious agents, human-machine associations as collective enterprises, and interconnected systems as risk pools – and by developing corresponding liability rules. The book relies on a unique combination of information technology studies, sociological institution and risk analysis, and comparative law. This approach uncovers recursive relations between types of machine behaviour, emergent socio-digital institutions, their concomitant risks, legal conditions of liability rules, and ascription of legal status to the algorithms involved.

Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Software

Author : Mark A. Geistfeld
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110775409
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Software by : Mark A. Geistfeld

Download or read book Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Software written by Mark A. Geistfeld and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-11-21 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initiated by the European Commission, the first study published in this volume analyses the largely unresolved question as to how damage caused by artificial intelligence (AI) systems is allocated by the rules of tortious liability currently in force in the Member States of the European Union and in the United States, to examine whether - and if so, to what extent - national tort law regimes differ in that respect, and to identify possible gaps in the protection of injured parties. The second study offers guiding principles for safety and liability with regard to software, testing how the existing acquis needs to be adjusted in order to adequately cope with the risks posed by software and AI. The annex contains the final report of the New Technologies Formation of the Expert Group on Liability and New Technologies, assessing the extent to which existing liability schemes are adapted to the emerging market realities following the development of new digital technologies.

Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence

Author : Anna Beckers
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509949356
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence by : Anna Beckers

Download or read book Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence written by Anna Beckers and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes three liability regimes to combat the wide responsibility gaps caused by AI systems – vicarious liability for autonomous software agents (actants); enterprise liability for inseparable human-AI interactions (hybrids); and collective fund liability for interconnected AI systems (crowds). Based on information technology studies, the book first develops a threefold typology that distinguishes individual, hybrid and collective machine behaviour. A subsequent social science analysis specifies the socio-digital institutions related to this threefold typology. Then it determines the social risks that emerge when algorithms operate within these institutions. Actants raise the risk of digital autonomy, hybrids the risk of double contingency in human-algorithm encounters, crowds the risk of opaque interconnections. The book demonstrates that the law needs to respond to these specific risks, by recognising personified algorithms as vicarious agents, human-machine associations as collective enterprises, and interconnected systems as risk pools – and by developing corresponding liability rules. The book relies on a unique combination of information technology studies, sociological institution and risk analysis, and comparative law. This approach uncovers recursive relations between types of machine behaviour, emergent socio-digital institutions, their concomitant risks, legal conditions of liability rules, and ascription of legal status to the algorithms involved.

Law and Artificial Intelligence

Author : Bart Custers
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9462655235
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis Law and Artificial Intelligence by : Bart Custers

Download or read book Law and Artificial Intelligence written by Bart Custers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-05 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth overview of what is currently happening in the field of Law and Artificial Intelligence (AI). From deep fakes and disinformation to killer robots, surgical robots, and AI lawmaking, the many and varied contributors to this volume discuss how AI could and should be regulated in the areas of public law, including constitutional law, human rights law, criminal law, and tax law, as well as areas of private law, including liability law, competition law, and consumer law. Aimed at an audience without a background in technology, this book covers how AI changes these areas of law as well as legal practice itself. This scholarship should prove of value to academics in several disciplines (e.g., law, ethics, sociology, politics, and public administration) and those who may find themselves confronted with AI in the course of their work, particularly people working within the legal domain (e.g., lawyers, judges, law enforcement officers, public prosecutors, lawmakers, and policy advisors). Bart Custers is Professor of Law and Data Science at eLaw - Center for Law and Digital Technologies at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Eduard Fosch-Villaronga is Assistant Professor at eLaw - Center for Law and Digital Technologies at Leiden University in the Netherlands.

Liability for Crimes Involving Artificial Intelligence Systems

Author : Gabriel Hallevy
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319101242
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Liability for Crimes Involving Artificial Intelligence Systems by : Gabriel Hallevy

Download or read book Liability for Crimes Involving Artificial Intelligence Systems written by Gabriel Hallevy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-06 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book develops a general legal theory concerning the liability for offenses involving artificial intelligence systems. The involvement of the artificial intelligence systems in these offenses may be as perpetrators, accomplices or mere instruments. The general legal theory proposed in this book is based on the current criminal law in most modern legal systems. In most modern countries, unmanned vehicles, sophisticated surgical systems, industrial computing systems, trading algorithms and other artificial intelligence systems are commonly used for both industrial and personal purposes. The question of legal liability arises when something goes wrong, e.g. the unmanned vehicle is involved in a car accident, the surgical system is involved in a surgical error or the trading algorithm is involved in fraud, etc. Who is to be held liable for these offenses: the manufacturer, the programmer, the user, or, perhaps, the artificial intelligence system itself? The concept of liability for crimes involving artificial intelligence systems has not yet been widely researched. Advanced technologies are forcing society to face new challenges, both technical and legal. The idea of liability in the specific context of artificial intelligence systems is one such challenge that should be thoroughly explored.

Algorithms and Law

Author : Martin Ebers
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108424821
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Algorithms and Law by : Martin Ebers

Download or read book Algorithms and Law written by Martin Ebers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring issues from big-data to robotics, this volume is the first to comprehensively examine the regulatory implications of AI technology.

Artificial Intelligence and the Law

Author : Dennis J. Baker
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000210642
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence and the Law by : Dennis J. Baker

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence and the Law written by Dennis J. Baker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents new research in artificial intelligence (AI) and Law with special reference to criminal justice. It brings together leading international experts including computer scientists, lawyers, judges and cyber-psychologists. The book examines some of the core problems that technology raises for criminal law ranging from privacy and data protection, to cyber-warfare, through to the theft of virtual property. Focusing on the West and China, the work considers the issue of AI and the Law in a comparative context presenting the research from a cross-jurisdictional and cross-disciplinary approach. As China becomes a global leader in AI and technology, the book provides an essential in-depth understanding of domestic laws in both Western jurisdictions and China on criminal liability for cybercrime. As such, it will be a valuable resource for academics and researchers working in the areas of AI, technology and criminal justice.

Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future

Author : Bernd Carsten Stahl
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030699781
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future by : Bernd Carsten Stahl

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future written by Bernd Carsten Stahl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book proposes a novel approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics. AI offers many advantages: better and faster medical diagnoses, improved business processes and efficiency, and the automation of boring work. But undesirable and ethically problematic consequences are possible too: biases and discrimination, breaches of privacy and security, and societal distortions such as unemployment, economic exploitation and weakened democratic processes. There is even a prospect, ultimately, of super-intelligent machines replacing humans. The key question, then, is: how can we benefit from AI while addressing its ethical problems? This book presents an innovative answer to the question by presenting a different perspective on AI and its ethical consequences. Instead of looking at individual AI techniques, applications or ethical issues, we can understand AI as a system of ecosystems, consisting of numerous interdependent technologies, applications and stakeholders. Developing this idea, the book explores how AI ecosystems can be shaped to foster human flourishing. Drawing on rich empirical insights and detailed conceptual analysis, it suggests practical measures to ensure that AI is used to make the world a better place.

Artificial Intelligence and Normative Challenges

Author : Angelos Kornilakis
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031410815
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence and Normative Challenges by : Angelos Kornilakis

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence and Normative Challenges written by Angelos Kornilakis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence (AI) – both in its current, comparatively limited form and even more so in its potential future forms (such as general and superintelligence) – has raised both concerns and hopes. Its actual and potential consequences are increasingly far-reaching, affecting almost every facet of human life on a collective and individual level: from the use of mobile phones and social media to autonomous weapons, and from the digitalization of knowledge and information to the patentability of AI innovations, unexpected philosophical, ontological, political and legal questions continue to arise.This book offers an insightful and essential guide to the scientific questions that are shaping humanity’s present and future. Presenting a collection of academic essays written by prominent scholars, it addresses the major legal issues concerning AI: its impact on a wide range of human behavior and the general legal response, including questions on AI and legal personhood; responsibility, liability and culpability in the age of AI; the challenges AI poses for intellectual property regimes; human rights challenges; and AI’s impact on jus ad bellum and jus in bello.Given its scope, the book will appeal to researchers, scholars and practitioners seeking a guide to this rapidly transforming landscape.

Regulating Artificial Intelligence

Author : Thomas Wischmeyer
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030323617
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulating Artificial Intelligence by : Thomas Wischmeyer

Download or read book Regulating Artificial Intelligence written by Thomas Wischmeyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the normative and practical challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, offers comprehensive information on the laws that currently shape or restrict the design or use of AI, and develops policy recommendations for those areas in which regulation is most urgently needed. By gathering contributions from scholars who are experts in their respective fields of legal research, it demonstrates that AI regulation is not a specialized sub-discipline, but affects the entire legal system and thus concerns all lawyers. Machine learning-based technology, which lies at the heart of what is commonly referred to as AI, is increasingly being employed to make policy and business decisions with broad social impacts, and therefore runs the risk of causing wide-scale damage. At the same time, AI technology is becoming more and more complex and difficult to understand, making it harder to determine whether or not it is being used in accordance with the law. In light of this situation, even tech enthusiasts are calling for stricter regulation of AI. Legislators, too, are stepping in and have begun to pass AI laws, including the prohibition of automated decision-making systems in Article 22 of the General Data Protection Regulation, the New York City AI transparency bill, and the 2017 amendments to the German Cartel Act and German Administrative Procedure Act. While the belief that something needs to be done is widely shared, there is far less clarity about what exactly can or should be done, or what effective regulation might look like. The book is divided into two major parts, the first of which focuses on features common to most AI systems, and explores how they relate to the legal framework for data-driven technologies, which already exists in the form of (national and supra-national) constitutional law, EU data protection and competition law, and anti-discrimination law. In the second part, the book examines in detail a number of relevant sectors in which AI is increasingly shaping decision-making processes, ranging from the notorious social media and the legal, financial and healthcare industries, to fields like law enforcement and tax law, in which we can observe how regulation by AI is becoming a reality.

Robot Rules

Author : Jacob Turner
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319962353
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Robot Rules by : Jacob Turner

Download or read book Robot Rules written by Jacob Turner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains why AI is unique, what legal and ethical problems it could cause, and how we can address them. It argues that AI is unlike any other previous technology, owing to its ability to take decisions independently and unpredictably. This gives rise to three issues: responsibility--who is liable if AI causes harm; rights--the disputed moral and pragmatic grounds for granting AI legal personality; and the ethics surrounding the decision-making of AI. The book suggests that in order to address these questions we need to develop new institutions and regulations on a cross-industry and international level. Incorporating clear explanations of complex topics, Robot Rules will appeal to a multi-disciplinary audience, from those with an interest in law, politics and philosophy, to computer programming, engineering and neuroscience.

Beyond Intellect and Reasoning

Author : Acres A Stowe
Publisher : Page Publishing Inc
ISBN 13 : 1662466471
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Intellect and Reasoning by : Acres A Stowe

Download or read book Beyond Intellect and Reasoning written by Acres A Stowe and published by Page Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to draw readers’ attention to various legal intricacies associated with deploying self-directed artificial intelligence systems (AIS), particularly emphasizing the limits of the law, vis-à-vis liability problems that may emerge within third-party contracts. With the advent of today’s ostensive “Amazon Halo or Alexa,” consumers are having to conclude contracts (e.g., sale of goods and distant financial services) in much more complex (cybernetic) environments. Generally, with one party acting in the capacity of a human being while the other (as an autonomous thing/device [AIS] with capabilities well beyond that of humans) representing the interests of others (not just other humans). Yet traditional jurisprudence is limited in scope for holding these systems legally accountable if they were to malfunction and cause harm. Interestingly, within the judicial system itself, the use of AIS is more prevalent now, including within the criminal justice system in some jurisdictions. In the United States, for instance, AIS algorithms are utilized to determine sentencing and bail processing. Still, jurists find themselves limited to traditional legal methodologies and tools when tackling novel situations brought about by these systems. For example, traditional strict liability concept, as applied in tort law, typically ties responsibility to the person(s) (e.g., AIS developers) influencing the decision-making process. In contract law, particularly where third parties are concerned, AIS are equated to tools for the purposes of traditional strict liability rules. Thus, binding anyone on whose behalf they would have acted (irrespective of whether such acts were intentional or foreseeable).

Toward a Conceptual Network for the Private Law of Artificial Intelligence

Author : Paweł Księżak
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031194470
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward a Conceptual Network for the Private Law of Artificial Intelligence by : Paweł Księżak

Download or read book Toward a Conceptual Network for the Private Law of Artificial Intelligence written by Paweł Księżak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-16 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a set of proposals for the new conceptual network required in order to establish civil law rules for a world permeated by Artificial Intelligence. These proposals are intended by their authors to push the debate on the new civil law forward. In spite of the natural conservatism of jurists, some innovative or even futuristic ideas are called for, also because the future, even this not-so-distant one, is difficult to foresee. Paradoxically, and unlike in the past, this lack of knowledge must not stop us from planning. If it does, humankind may, as some pessimists already claim, lose its chance to win the battle for control of the world. The rise and expansion of Artificial Intelligence and robotics in recent years has highlighted a pressing need to create a suitable legal framework for this new phenomenon. The debate on the subject, although wide-ranging and involving many new legal documents, is still quite general and preliminary in nature, although these preparatory works illustrate the very real need to develop appropriate new civil law arrangements. It is exactly the branch of private law where the necessity of these new rules appears to be the most imperative. Autonomous vehicles, medical robots, and expertise software raise fundamental questions on aspects of civil liability such as culpability; whereas the growth in popularity of automated, intelligent software systems for concluding contracts requires a new approach to many fundamental and deeply rooted elements of contract law, e.g. consciousness, intent, error, deception, interpretation of contracts and good faith. Ruling on these specific matters demands the identification and clarification of certain key points, which shall become the foundation for constructing AI/robot civil law.

Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence

Author : Vladimir Geroimenko
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031271661
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence by : Vladimir Geroimenko

Download or read book Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence written by Vladimir Geroimenko and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-29 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first research monograph that explores a new research field and practical applications produced by the combined use of two of the most advanced and powerful technologies available in today’s world – Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR). It is written by a team of 50 researchers and practitioners from 16 countries, which has enabled a thorough coverage of emerging or previously unexplored subject areas. The authors consider practical, theoretical, and cultural aspects of “AI-powered AR” and “AR-enriched AI”, and their usage in a large variety of areas, such as education, medicine, healthcare, dentistry, pharmacy, active lifestyle, smart services, fashion, retail, recommender systems, and several others. Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence: The Fusion of Advanced Technologies is essential reading not only for researchers, practitioners and technology developers, but also for students (both graduates and undergraduates) and anyone who is interested in building a comprehensive understanding of the emerging fields of “intelligent augmented environments” and “artificial intelligence presented by augmented reality”.

Research Handbook on Corporate Liability

Author : Martin Petrin
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800371284
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Corporate Liability by : Martin Petrin

Download or read book Research Handbook on Corporate Liability written by Martin Petrin and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-08-14 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Handbook considers many aspects of corporate liability, beginning with a fundamental explanation of what the company is, through depictions of corporate liability in theory, to the key areas of liability in practice. Interdisciplinary in nature, the contributions cover corporate and participant liability under statutory law, tort and criminal law, and corporate fiduciary and securities law. Specific perspectives include those on vicarious liability in tort and its application to corporations, and accountability for AI labour.

Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence

Author : Woodrow Barfield
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786439050
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence by : Woodrow Barfield

Download or read book Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence written by Woodrow Barfield and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has made tremendous advances in the last two decades, but as smart as AI is now, it is getting smarter and becoming more autonomous. This raises a host of challenges to current legal doctrine, including whether AI/algorithms should count as ‘speech’, whether AI should be regulated under antitrust and criminal law statutes, and whether AI should be considered as an agent under agency law or be held responsible for injuries under tort law. This book contains chapters from US and international law scholars on the role of law in an age of increasingly smart AI, addressing these and other issues that are critical to the evolution of the field.