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Author : Jung-Kyoo Choi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (548 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on the Evolution of Cooperation written by Jung-Kyoo Choi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0786734884
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)
Download or read book The Evolution of Cooperation written by Robert Axelrod and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.
Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Basic Books (AZ)
ISBN 13 : 9780465021215
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (212 download)
Download or read book The Evolution of Cooperation written by Robert Axelrod and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 1984 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the conditions necessary for cooperation in social interactions and discusses the role of cooperation in winning a strategy game tournament
Author : Kim Sterelny
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262552787
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)
Download or read book Cooperation and Its Evolution written by Kim Sterelny and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays from a range of disciplinary perspectives show the central role that cooperation plays in structuring our world. This collection reports on the latest research on an increasingly pivotal issue for evolutionary biology: cooperation. The chapters are written from a variety of disciplinary perspectives and utilize research tools that range from empirical survey to conceptual modeling, reflecting the rich diversity of work in the field. They explore a wide taxonomic range, concentrating on bacteria, social insects, and, especially, humans. Part I ("Agents and Environments") investigates the connections of social cooperation in social organizations to the conditions that make cooperation profitable and stable, focusing on the interactions of agent, population, and environment. Part II ("Agents and Mechanisms") focuses on how proximate mechanisms emerge and operate in the evolutionary process and how they shape evolutionary trajectories. Throughout the book, certain themes emerge that demonstrate the ubiquity of questions regarding cooperation in evolutionary biology: the generation and division of the profits of cooperation; transitions in individuality; levels of selection, from gene to organism; and the "human cooperation explosion" that makes our own social behavior particularly puzzling from an evolutionary perspective. Bradford Books imprint
Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400822300
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book The Complexity of Cooperation written by Robert Axelrod and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1997-08-18 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert Axelrod is widely known for his groundbreaking work in game theory and complexity theory. He is a leader in applying computer modeling to social science problems. His book The Evolution of Cooperation has been hailed as a seminal contribution and has been translated into eight languages since its initial publication. The Complexity of Cooperation is a sequel to that landmark book. It collects seven essays, originally published in a broad range of journals, and adds an extensive new introduction to the collection, along with new prefaces to each essay and a useful new appendix of additional resources. Written in Axelrod's acclaimed, accessible style, this collection serves as an introductory text on complexity theory and computer modeling in the social sciences and as an overview of the current state of the art in the field. The articles move beyond the basic paradigm of the Prisoner's Dilemma to study a rich set of issues, including how to cope with errors in perception or implementation, how norms emerge, and how new political actors and regions of shared culture can develop. They use the shared methodology of agent-based modeling, a powerful technique that specifies the rules of interaction between individuals and uses computer simulation to discover emergent properties of the social system. The Complexity of Cooperation is essential reading for all social scientists who are interested in issues of cooperation and complexity.
Author : Jonathan B. Losos
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691171874
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)
Download or read book How Evolution Shapes Our Lives written by Jonathan B. Losos and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " It is easy to think of evolution as something that happened long ago, or that occurs only in "nature," or that is so slow that its ongoing impact is virtually nonexistent when viewed from the perspective of a single human lifetime. But we now know that when natural selection is strong, evolutionary change can be very rapid. In this book, some of the world's leading scientists explore the implications of this reality for human life and society. With some twenty-five essays, this volume provides authoritative yet accessible explorations of why understanding evolution is crucial to human life--from dealing with climate change and ensuring our food supply, health, and economic survival to developing a richer and more accurate comprehension of society, culture, and even what it means to be human itself. Combining new essays with ones revised and updated from the acclaimed Princeton Guide to Evolution, this collection addresses the role of evolution in aging, cognition, cooperation, religion, the media, engineering, computer science, and many other areas. The result is a compelling and important book about how evolution matters to humans today. The contributors include Francisco J. Ayala, Dieter Ebert, Elizabeth Hannon, Richard E. Lenski, Tim Lewens, Jonathan B. Losos, Jacob A. Moorad, Mark Pagel, Robert T. Pennock, Daniel E. L. Promislow, Robert C. Richardson, Alan R. Templeton, and Carl Zimmer."--
Author : Charles Crawford
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135704147
Total Pages : 853 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)
Download or read book Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology written by Charles Crawford and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary psychology is concerned with the adaptive problems early humans faced in ancestral human environments, the nature of the psychological mechanisms natural selection shaped to deal with those ancient problems, and the ability of the resulting evolved psychological mechanisms to deal with the problems people face in the modern world. Evolutionary psychology is currently advancing our understanding of altruism, moral behavior, family violence, sexual aggression, warfare, aesthetics, the nature of language, and gender differences in mate choice and perception. It is helping us understand the relationships between cognitive science, developmental psychology, behavior genetics, personality, and social psychology. Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology provides an up-to-date review of the ideas, issues, and applications of contemporary evolutionary psychology. It is suitable for senior undergraduates, first year graduate students, or professionals who wish to become conversant with the major issues currently shaping the emergence of this dynamic new field. It will be interesting to psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists, economists, philosophers, cognitive scientists, and anyone interested in using new developments in the theory of evolution to gain new insights into human behavior.
Author : William Martín Tracy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Firm Learning written by William Martín Tracy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nilanjan Roy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (98 download)
Download or read book Essays on Cooperation and Reciprocity written by Nilanjan Roy and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation comprises three essays that use theory-based experiments to gain understanding of how cooperation and efficiency is affected by certain variables and institutions in different types of strategic interactions prevalent in our society. Chapter 2 analyzes indefinite horizon two-person dynamic favor exchange games with private information in the laboratory. Using a novel experimental design to implement a dynamic game with a stochastic jump signal process, this study provides insights into a relation where cooperation is without immediate reciprocity. The primary finding is that favor provision under these conditions is considerably less than under the most efficient equilibrium. Also, individuals do not engage in exact score-keeping of net favors, rather, the time since the last favor was provided affects decisions to stop or restart providing favors. Evidence from experiments in Cournot duopolies is presented in Chapter 3 where players indulge in a form of pre-play communication, termed as revision phase, before playing the one-shot game. During this revision phase individuals announce their tentative quantities, which are publicly observed, and revisions are costless. The payoffs are determined only by the quantities selected at the end under real time revision, whereas in a Poisson revision game, opportunities to revise arrive according to a synchronous Poisson process and the tentative quantity corresponding to the last revision opportunity is implemented. Contrasting results emerge. While real time revision of quantities results in choices that are more competitive than the static Cournot-Nash, significantly lower quantities are implemented in the Poisson revision games. This shows that partial cooperation can be sustained even when individuals interact only once. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of varying the message space in a public good game with pre-play communication where player endowments are private information. We find that neither binary communication nor a larger finite numerical message space results in any efficiency gain relative to the situation without any form of communication. Payoffs and public good provision are higher only when participants are provided with a discussion period through unrestricted text chat.
Author : Jane Stapleton
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0192893734
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Torts written by Jane Stapleton and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays illustrate the advantages of 'reflexive' tort scholarship by contrasting the reflexive scholarship of judicial analysis with grand theory, then applying reflexive scholarship to the tort of negligence. The final essay presents a wider argument about human responsibility and legal conduct.
Author : Judith Teßmann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783656674368
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (743 download)
Download or read book The Evolution of Cooperation written by Judith Teßmann and published by . This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Praktische (Ethik, Asthetik, Kultur, Natur, Recht, ...), Note: 1,3, Universitat zu Koln, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Robert Axelrod und William D. Hamilton beschaftigten sich in den 1980er Jahren mit der Frage, unter welchen Bedingungen kooperatives Verhalten bei Menschen entsteht, die in einer egoistisch angelegten Gesellschaft miteinander leben, in der keine zentrale Kontrollinstanz gegeben ist. Auf dieser Fragestellung grundet auch ihre Publikation The Evolution of Cooperation," welche sie in der Zeitschrift Science veroffentlichten. Ziel ihres Vorhabens war daher eine Theorie zu entwickeln, mit deren Hilfe es moglich wird Faktoren transparent zu machen, welche fur die Entstehung von Kooperation notwendig sind. Denn kennt man ihre Bedingungen, so ist es moglich Massnahmen zu fordern, durch die eine Entwicklung in Gang gesetzt werden kann um die Kooperation zu fordern. Um dieses Verhaltnis zu entschlusseln bedient sich Axelrod einer Spieltheorie, dem Gefangenendilemma." Das Grundkonzept entstand bereits in den 1950er Jahren und sollte nun als Axelrods Fundament zur Entschlusselung der Fragestellung dienen
Author : Jerome H. Barkow
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780195356472
Total Pages : 684 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (564 download)
Download or read book The Adapted Mind written by Jerome H. Barkow and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995-10-19 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although researchers have long been aware that the species-typical architecture of the human mind is the product of our evolutionary history, it has only been in the last three decades that advances in such fields as evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology, and paleoanthropology have made the fact of our evolution illuminating. Converging findings from a variety of disciplines are leading to the emergence of a fundamentally new view of the human mind, and with it a new framework for the behavioral and social sciences. First, with the advent of the cognitive revolution, human nature can finally be defined precisely as the set of universal, species-typical information-processing programs that operate beneath the surface of expressed cultural variability. Second, this collection of cognitive programs evolved in the Pleistocene to solve the adaptive problems regularly faced by our hunter-gatherer ancestors--problems such as mate selection, language acquisition, cooperation, and sexual infidelity. Consequently, the traditional view of the mind as a general-purpose computer, tabula rasa, or passive recipient of culture is being replaced by the view that the mind resembles an intricate network of functionally specialized computers, each of which imposes contentful structure on human mental organization and culture. The Adapted Mind explores this new approach--evolutionary psychology--and its implications for a new view of culture.
Author : Samuel Bowles
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400829313
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Microeconomics written by Samuel Bowles and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-13 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this novel introduction to modern microeconomic theory, Samuel Bowles returns to the classical economists' interest in the wealth and poverty of nations and people, the workings of the institutions of capitalist economies, and the coevolution of individual preferences and the structures of markets, firms, and other institutions. Using recent advances in evolutionary game theory, contract theory, behavioral experiments, and the modeling of dynamic processes, he develops a theory of how economic institutions shape individual behavior, and how institutions evolve due to individual actions, technological change, and chance events. Topics addressed include institutional innovation, social preferences, nonmarket social interactions, social capital, equilibrium unemployment, credit constraints, economic power, generalized increasing returns, disequilibrium outcomes, and path dependency. Each chapter is introduced by empirical puzzles or historical episodes illuminated by the modeling that follows, and the book closes with sets of problems to be solved by readers seeking to improve their mathematical modeling skills. Complementing standard mathematical analysis are agent-based computer simulations of complex evolving systems that are available online so that readers can experiment with the models. Bowles concludes with the time-honored challenge of "getting the rules right," providing an evaluation of markets, states, and communities as contrasting and yet sometimes synergistic structures of governance. Must reading for students and scholars not only in economics but across the behavioral sciences, this engagingly written and compelling exposition of the new microeconomics moves the field beyond the conventional models of prices and markets toward a more accurate and policy-relevant portrayal of human social behavior.
Author : Martin A. Nowak
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674075536
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Evolution, Games, and God written by Martin A. Nowak and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the reigning competition-driven model of evolution, selfish behaviors that maximize an organism’s reproductive potential offer a fitness advantage over self-sacrificing behaviors—rendering unselfish behavior for the sake of others a mystery that requires extra explanation. Evolution, Games, and God addresses this conundrum by exploring how cooperation, working alongside mutation and natural selection, plays a critical role in populations from microbes to human societies. Inheriting a tendency to cooperate, argue the contributors to this book, may be as beneficial as the self-preserving instincts usually thought to be decisive in evolutionary dynamics. Assembling experts in mathematical biology, history of science, psychology, philosophy, and theology, Martin Nowak and Sarah Coakley take an interdisciplinary approach to the terms “cooperation” and “altruism.” Using game theory, the authors elucidate mechanisms by which cooperation—a form of working together in which one individual benefits at the cost of another—arises through natural selection. They then examine altruism—cooperation which includes the sometimes conscious choice to act sacrificially for the collective good—as a key concept in scientific attempts to explain the origins of morality. Discoveries in cooperation go beyond the spread of genes in a population to include the spread of cultural transformations such as languages, ethics, and religious systems of meaning. The authors resist the presumption that theology and evolutionary theory are inevitably at odds. Rather, in rationally presenting a number of theological interpretations of the phenomena of cooperation and altruism, they find evolutionary explanation and theology to be strongly compatible.
Author : Jonathan B. Losos
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691170398
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)
Download or read book How Evolution Shapes Our Lives written by Jonathan B. Losos and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative exploration of why understanding evolution is crucial to human life today It is easy to think of evolution as something that happened long ago, or that occurs only in "nature," or that is so slow that its ongoing impact is virtually nonexistent when viewed from the perspective of a single human lifetime. But we now know that when natural selection is strong, evolutionary change can be very rapid. In this book, some of the world's leading scientists explore the implications of this reality for human life and society. With some twenty-three essays, this volume provides authoritative yet accessible explorations of why understanding evolution is crucial to human life—from dealing with climate change and ensuring our food supply, health, and economic survival to developing a richer and more accurate comprehension of society, culture, and even what it means to be human itself. Combining new essays with essays revised and updated from the acclaimed Princeton Guide to Evolution, this collection addresses the role of evolution in aging, cognition, cooperation, religion, the media, engineering, computer science, and many other areas. The result is a compelling and important book about how evolution matters to humans today. The contributors are Dan I. Andersson, Francisco J. Ayala, Amy Cavanaugh, Cameron R. Currie, Dieter Ebert, Andrew D. Ellington, Elizabeth Hannon, John Hawks, Paul Keim, Richard E. Lenski, Tim Lewens, Jonathan B. Losos, Virpi Lummaa, Jacob A. Moorad, Craig Moritz, Martha M. Muñoz, Mark Pagel, Talima Pearson, Robert T. Pennock, Daniel E. L. Promislow, Erik M. Quandt, David C. Queller, Robert C. Richardson, Eugenie C. Scott, H. Bradley Shaffer, Joan E. Strassmann, Alan R. Templeton, Paul E. Turner, and Carl Zimmer.
Author : Jane Stapleton
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192645838
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Torts written by Jane Stapleton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of essays champions tort scholarship that puts judges at centre stage: what they do, how they understand their role, the heterogeneous reasons they give for their decisions, and their constitutional responsibility to identify and articulate the 'living' and 'evolving' common law. This is 'reflexive tort scholarship'. Reflexive tort scholars seek dialogue with Bench and Bar. Their approach is very different from the currently fashionable academic search for 'grand theories' that descriptively assert that tort law is fundamentally 'all about one thing', a unifying idea that alone explains and justifies the whole of tort law. This book illustrates the advantages and pay-offs of the reflexive style of scholarship by showing how it illuminates key features of tort law. The first essay contrasts the reflexive approach with the Grand Theory approach, while the second essay identifies a principle of tort law (the 'cooperative principle'), that is latent in the cases and that vindicates the value of collaborative human arrangements. Identifying this principle calls into question, in disputes between commercial parties, the reasoning used to support one of the most entrenched lines of authority in tort law - that based on the famous case of Hedley Byrne v Heller. The final essay deploys the reflexive method to argue that the iconic 'but-for' test of factual causation is inadequate and narrower than the concept actually utilized in the cases. Application of the method also prompts a reassessment of the 'scope of duty' concept and of the appropriate characterisation of the much-discussed decision in SAAMCO. These essays, based on the 2018 Clarendon Law Lectures given at Oxford University, clearly demonstrate the value of scholarship that 'takes the judges seriously'.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Journal of Economic Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 2005-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
