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Three Essays On Inference For Poverty And Inequality Metrics
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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Inference for Poverty and Inequality Metrics by : Tianyu He
Download or read book Three Essays on Inference for Poverty and Inequality Metrics written by Tianyu He and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Income inequality and poverty have important economic, political, and social implications. Despite this, existing measures of inequality and poverty are plagued with problems. First, existing inequality measures are not defined for possibly negative variables.Extended inequality measures were recently proposed to overcome this difficulty but used essentially as descriptive tools without statistical inference.Second, when comparing poverty or inequality measures, standard procedures require that the two samples are independent or completely dependent (i.e., matched pairs).These assumptions are not satisfied by many household surveys, since they are rotated samples.Third, it is known in the literature that two popular inference procedures, namely asymptotic and bootstrap inference methods, can have poor performance in finite samples or in the presence of heavy tails.The thesis contributes to statistical inference on poverty and inequality measures. We first make the extended inequality measures formal by providing estimation and asymptotic inference methods including uniform inference on extended Lorenz curves.For comparing the extended (and traditional) inequality measures, we propose methods that are robust to independent, completely, and partially dependent samples.Finally, an exact nonparametric inference method is provided for comparing poverty measures.We provide simulation evidence to support the proposed inference procedures.Our methods are applied to several empirical applications including financial income inequality in Italy, cross-sectional dispersion of US stock returns and rural-urban poverty disparity in China"--
Book Synopsis Essays on Inequality and Poverty by : James Nicholas Dadson
Download or read book Essays on Inequality and Poverty written by James Nicholas Dadson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is composed of three essays on inequality and poverty in the United States and Canada.Despite their nominal wage disadvantage, immigrants in the United States tend to settle in the most expensive locations in the country. I show that incorporating spatial price variation into the price index dramatically worsens estimates of immigrant integration. In comparison with nominal measures, real measures show twice as much immigrant wage disparity, much slower assimilation over time, and a more pronounced decline in entry wages of more recent cohorts. To rationalize these location patterns, I use a spatial equilibrium model. The model allows us to distinguish between quality of life and productivity differences as competing explanations for the concentration of immigrants. Parameterizing the model and using housing cost and wage differentials each year, the productivity channel seems to be the more plausible explanation. It also appears to have become more important over time. Like the United States, several studies document the tendency for immigrants in Canada to live in areas with high costs of living: approximately 90% live in metropolitan areas. In the second chapter, I re-examine immigrant wage disparity and poverty estimates in Canada after adjusting immigrant incomes for their relatively high costs of living.In the third chapter, I outline an Oaxaca-Blinder detailed decomposition method based on the Shapley Value. It is path-independent and adds up intuitively to the aggregate decomposition components. It is also simple to implement in practice for various limited dependent variable regression models. I show how this decomposition method can be used in tandem with the recentered influence function regression framework (Firpo et al., 2009) . Together, this constitutes a flexible framework to decompose differences of a wide variety of poverty measures over time or between groups. The empirical application examines the decline in U.S. poverty during the 1990s, in particular the importance of technological change and offshoring. I find these are important determinants of poverty in a given year but cannot explain any of the change in the poverty rate over time. Changes in the return to family size explain the entire change in the poverty rate. I also find that the methods we use to examine poverty can easily change the conclusions we draw.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Statistical Inference and Estimation for Heterogeneous Causal Effects in Economics by : Phillip Alexander Heiler
Download or read book Three Essays on Statistical Inference and Estimation for Heterogeneous Causal Effects in Economics written by Phillip Alexander Heiler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Economic Inequality by : Pedro Salas Rojo
Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Inequality written by Pedro Salas Rojo and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This doctoral dissertation is divided in three chapters. All of them deal with aspects related to the measurement of economic inequality, but each one has a distinct topic and puts its focus on a specific standpoint. Inheritances and Wealth Inequality: A Machine Learning Approach. This chapter explores the relationship between received inheritances and the distribution of wealth (financial, non-financial and total) in four developed countries: the United States, Canada, Italy and Spain. We follow the inequality of opportunity (IOp) literature and -considering inheritances as the only circumstance- we show that traditional IOp approaches can lead to non-robust and arbitrary measures of IOp depending on discretionary cut-off choices of a continuous circumstance such as inheritances. Overcoming this limitation, we apply Machine Learning methods to optimize the choice of cut-offs (‘random forest’ algorithm) and we find that IOp explains over 60% of wealth inequality in the US and Spain (using the Gini coefficient), and more than 40% in Italy and Canada. Including parental education as an additional circumstance -available for the US and Italy- we find that inheritances are still the main contributor. Finally, using the S-Gini index with different parameters to weight different parts of the distribution, we find that the effect of inheritances is more prominent at the middle of the wealth distribution, while parental education is more important for the asset-poor...
Book Synopsis Essays on the Econometrics of Inequality and Poverty Measurements by : Abdoul Aziz Junior Ndoye
Download or read book Essays on the Econometrics of Inequality and Poverty Measurements written by Abdoul Aziz Junior Ndoye and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of four essays on the econometrics of inequality and poverty measurement. It provides a statistical analysis based on probabilistic models, finite mixture distributions and quantile regression models, all using aBayesian approach.Chapter 2 models income distribution using a mixture of lognormal densities. Using the analytical expression of inequality indices, it shows how a Rao-Blackwellised Gibbs sampler can lead to accurate inference on income inequality measurements even in small samples.Chapter 3 develops Bayesian inference for the unconditional quantile regression model based on the Re-centered Influence Function (RIF). It models the considered distribution by a mixture of lognormal densities and then provides conditional posterior densities for the quantile regression parameters. This approach is perceived to provide better estimates in the extreme quantiles in the presence of heavy tails as well as valid small sample confidence intervalsfor the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.Chapter 4 provides Bayesian inference for a mixture of two Pareto distributions which is then used to approximate the upper tail of a wage distribution. This mixture model is applied to the data from the CPS ORG to analyze the recent structure of top wages in the U.S. from 1992 through 2009. Findings are largely in accordance with the explanations combining the model of superstars and the model of tournaments in hierarchical organization structures. Chapter 5 makes use of the RIF-regression to measure both changes in the return to education across quantiles and rural urban inequality decomposition in consumption expenditure in Senegal.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Poverty + Inequality by : Jonathan Haughton
Download or read book Handbook on Poverty + Inequality written by Jonathan Haughton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For anyone wanting to learn, in practical terms, how to measure, describe, monitor, evaluate, and analyze poverty, this Handbook is the place to start. It is designed to be accessible to people with a university-level background in science or the social sciences. It is an invaluable tool for policy analysts, researchers, college students, and government officials working on policy issues related to poverty and inequality.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Income Distribution and Inequality Measurement by : Tsvetana Spasova
Download or read book Three Essays on Income Distribution and Inequality Measurement written by Tsvetana Spasova and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Poverty and Inequality in the U.S. by : Heidi S. Shierholz
Download or read book Three Essays on Poverty and Inequality in the U.S. written by Heidi S. Shierholz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ESSAYS ON MICROECONOMETRICS AND LABOR ECONOMICS by : Chengye Jia
Download or read book ESSAYS ON MICROECONOMETRICS AND LABOR ECONOMICS written by Chengye Jia and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of income inequality and intergenerational income mobility have important implications for policy. This dissertation consists of three essays which are contribute to the statistical inference on measures of intergenerational income mobility and the application of distributional decomposition to income inequality. The first two chapters propose semiparametric distribution regression estimators to study the transition matrices and local rank-rank slopes which are two measures of intergenerational income mobility. The third chapter extend the Oaxaca-Bliner decomposition to the distributions of income gap between two groups of people. The first chapter, INFERENCE ON COUNTERFACTUAL TRANSITION MATRICES, considers estimation and inference techniques for (i) conditional transition matrices -- transition matrices that are conditional on some vector of covariates, (ii) counterfactual transition matrices -- transition matrices that arise from holding fixed conditional transition matrices but adjusting the distribution of the covariates, and (iii) transition matrix average partial effects. Estimating conditional transition matrices is closely related to estimating conditional distribution functions, and we propose new semiparametric distribution regression estimators that may be of interest in other contexts as well. We also derive uniform inference results for transition matrices that allow researchers to account for issues such as multiple testing that naturally arise when estimating a transition matrix. We use our results to study differences in intergenerational mobility for black families and white families. In the application, we document large differences between the transition matrices of black and white families. We also show that these differences are partially, but not fully, explained by differences in the distributions of other family characteristics. The second chapter, SEMIPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF LOCAL RANK-RANK SLOPES, a local Rank-Rank slope which varies with parental rank and counterfactual Rank-Rank slope which adjusts for differences in the distribution of covariates. We develop new semiparametric distribution regression method to estimate those parameters. To make inference on different values of parental rank, we prove those estimators converge to Gaussian processes and build sup-t confidence bands by nonparametric bootstrap. In order to filter out some important observed characteristics, we sort the composition effects in an ascending order and propose classification analysis method, and also prove these converge to Gaussian processes. We apply our methods to study the differences in LRRS between cohort 79 and cohort 97. We show that the trend of LRRS of cohort 97 is very different from that of cohort 79 and find that children in cohort 97 which have larger composition effects are from higher income families, tend to be male and Nonblack and nonhispanic, and accept more years of education especially in advanced education. Also the difference in the parental education level after high school is unrelated to the composition effects across groups. The third chapter, DECOMPOSING WAGE GAPS BETWEEN HAN AND NON-HAN MINORITIES, uses CHIP 2013 dataset to analyze the income gap between two groups--Han and non-Han groups. Two methods are used in this paper to decompose the quantile differences of income among ethnic groups. One is distribution regression method proposed by y Chernozhukov, Fernández-Val, and Melly (2013) and the other is Recentered influence function regressions proposed by Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2018). There are three main results of this paper. First, after decomposing, the income gap is larger in the low quantile than in high quantile. Second, income gap can be partly explained by composition effects although the structure effect account for a larger part of the total gap than composition effect at each quantile. Finally, education, region and age account for most proportion of composition effects, which due to the fact that most non-Han families are living in the poor area and thus do not have enough money to support their education. Most ethnic minorities live in rural areas where the economy is underdeveloped.
Book Synopsis Poverty and Famines by : Amartya Sen
Download or read book Poverty and Famines written by Amartya Sen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1983-01-20 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main focus of this book is on the causation of starvation in general and of famines in particular. The author develops the alternative method of analysis—the 'entitlement approach'—concentrating on ownership and exchange, not on food supply. The book also provides a general analysis of the characterization and measurement of poverty. Various approaches used in economics, sociology, and political theory are critically examined. The predominance of distributional issues, including distribution between different occupation groups, links up the problem of conceptualizing poverty with that of analyzing starvation.
Book Synopsis Three Esssays on Poverty Analysis by : Juan Carlos Chavez-Martin del Campo
Download or read book Three Esssays on Poverty Analysis written by Juan Carlos Chavez-Martin del Campo and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Inequality Measurement (with a Special Reference to Argentina). by : Guillermo Raùl Paraje
Download or read book Three Essays on Inequality Measurement (with a Special Reference to Argentina). written by Guillermo Raùl Paraje and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays in Inequality by : Jonathan A. Schwabish
Download or read book Three Essays in Inequality written by Jonathan A. Schwabish and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Income Inequality and Economic Growth by : Aoyu Hou
Download or read book Three Essays on Income Inequality and Economic Growth written by Aoyu Hou and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Nanak Kakwani Publisher :New York : Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press ISBN 13 : Total Pages :438 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Income Inequality and Poverty by : Nanak Kakwani
Download or read book Income Inequality and Poverty written by Nanak Kakwani and published by New York : Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a closed economy, income is created in production with the aid of factors such as land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. Production takes place within different firms and government organizations, and, at the same time, income is created and distributed to income units. From this process, a pattern of distribution emerges that has been found to be stable over time and space. This feature of income distribution has provoked a number of alternative theories explaining the generation of income. The present study focuses on the following issues: (a) income distribution functions, (b) measurement of the degree of income inequality, (c) government policies affecting personal distribution of income, and (d) measurement of poverty.
Book Synopsis Topics in Measurement by : Shabana Mitra
Download or read book Topics in Measurement written by Shabana Mitra and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inequality, Polarization and Poverty by : Satya R. Chakravarty
Download or read book Inequality, Polarization and Poverty written by Satya R. Chakravarty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-25 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a synthesis of some recent issues and an up-to-date treatment of some of the major important issues in distributional analysis that I have covered in my previous book Ethical Social Index Numbers, which was widely accepted by students, teachers, researchers and practitioners in the area. Wide coverage of on-going and advanced topics and their analytical, articulate and authoritative p- sentation make the book theoretically and methodologically quite contemporary and inclusive, and highly responsive to the practical problems of recent concern. Since many countries of the world are still characterized by high levels of income inequality, Chap. 1 analyzes the problems of income inequality measurement in detail. Poverty alleviation is an overriding goal of development and social policy. To formulate antipoverty policies, research on poverty has mostly focused on inco- based indices. In view of this, a substantive analysis of income-based poverty has been presented in Chap. 2. The subject of Chap. 3 is people’s perception about income inequality in terms of deprivation. Since polarization is of current concern to analysts and social decisi- makers, a discussion on polarization is presented in Chap. 4.
