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Three Essays In Higher Education Policy
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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Higher Education Policy by :
Download or read book Three Essays in Higher Education Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters examining issues relevant to current higher education policy debates. In the first chapter, I use surveys, in-depth interviews, and administrative records from a sample of Wisconsin Pell Grant recipients who chose among Wisconsin public colleges and universities to explore whether students' initial college choices affected their early college experiences and to examine how this was associated with their persistence and achievement in college. After controlling for a robust set of observed characteristics, students attending their first choice college have similar levels of early academic and social integration into college life and similar academic outcomes when compared to students who did not attend their first choice college. In the second chapter, I use a form of cost-effectiveness analysis to estimate institutional performance and compare the results to popular college rankings, which generally reward colleges for attracting stronger students and spending more money. I use data from IPEDS, College InSight, and the Delta Cost Project for nearly 1,300 colleges and universities to estimate value-added to one important outcome: college graduation. I then adjust for two different types of costs for different audiences: the net price of attendance and per-student educational expenditures. All of the methods provide different results from the popular college rankings, suggesting that adjusting for costs and inputs yield a different set of high-performing institutions. In the third chapter, I address concerns about the timing of the current financial aid system, in which students from low-income families receive concrete information about the cost of college too late to academically and financially prepare for college. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I conduct a simulation of the effects of using a simplified eligibility process to make an early commitment of the full Pell Grant to eighth graders from needy families. The simulation of the estimated fiscal effects suggests that Pell program costs would grow by approximately $1.5 billion annually and the benefits would exceed the costs by approximately $600 million.
Book Synopsis Three Essays in the Economics of Higher Education by : AnaMaria Conley
Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Higher Education written by AnaMaria Conley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Education Policy by : Kari Dalane
Download or read book Three Essays on Education Policy written by Kari Dalane and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three essays in my dissertation each address topics in education policy. While they all address substantively different research questions, each provides insight into how schools are organized and run, and how this affects student experiences and outcomes. All three papers address policy-relevant questions in education related to equity. In my first essay, I focus on a recent policy development in the provision of free and reduced-price lunch called Community Eligibility Provision (CEP). CEP allows schools and districts with a certain proportion of students from low-income families to opt to provide free lunch to their entire student bodies. Using student-level administrative data from North Carolina, I find evidence that students with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) have lower levels of suspension and higher math and reading achievement in years they are enrolled in a school participating in CEP.In my second essay, I examine understudied questions in arts education in American public schools. Schools devote substantial time and resources to arts education, but little research examines how arts offerings in schools have changed over time, or which students have access to the arts. Even less credible research examines the question of how arts experiences in schools impact student outcomes. I provide insight into trends in arts education using national datasets (the Schools and Staffing Surve and the National Teacher and Principal Survey) and more detailed administrative data from one state, North Carolina. I then take up the question of how arts impacts student outcomes. The principal threat to any study of arts education is fundamental endogeneity of schools' arts curricula, and students' decisions to enroll in courses that are often elective. I estimate the impact of arts education on outcomes in a student-by-school fixed effects framework, comparing outcomes for students in years they are enrolled in arts courses to outcomes in years they are enrolled in no art courses while attending the same school. I find arts enrollment has positive impacts on attendance.In my third essay, my co-author Dave Marcotte and I examine within school segregation by income in schools in North Carolina. While recent research has examined between school income segregation, within school segregation has received relatively little attention. Since students experience school in classrooms, within school segregation is relevant to understanding how segregation overall impacts students. We generate dissimilarity indexes to measure how economically disadvantaged (ED) students and non-ED students are sorted into classrooms within schools. We then investigate whether a common policy lever, charter schools, impact levels of within school ED segregation. Traditional public school administrators could face heightened pressures to retain students when school choice options become available nearby. These pressures may encourage administrators to ramp up academic tracking or the introduce or expand specialized curricula such as gifted and talented programs. These changes could increase within school segregation. We find some evidence that within school ED segregation increases in grades 3 and 4 in traditional public schools located closest to charter schools, but little evidence of impacts in other grades.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Education Policy by : Gregory R. Phelan
Download or read book Three Essays on Education Policy written by Gregory R. Phelan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of public policy on education can be substantial. This holds true whether we are considering students in primary and secondary schools, school administrators, or college students. Moreover, the effects of education policy may be greatest for groups of vulnerable or disadvantaged students. My research examines three pieces of education policy in Texas, and the impacts of these policies on students and school principals. The first essay evaluates the efficacy of a state-funded scholarship provided to low income college bound students that demonstrate a significant amount of academic promise. The second essay analyzes the role that school accountability ratings and performance information plays in the labor market outcomes of Texas school principals. The third essay characterizes the set of students that enroll in full-time online virtual schools in Texas that are publicly funded, but run managed by privately owned Education Management Organizations.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Performance Management in Public Higher Education by : Christopher C. Birdsall
Download or read book Three Essays on Performance Management in Public Higher Education written by Christopher C. Birdsall and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demands for greater public sector accountability and changing economic circumstances are creating big changes for public higher education institutions in the United States (Alexander 2000). Increasingly, citizens and policymakers are treating public higher education less as a social institution, and more as an industry essential to innovation and economic growth (Gumport 2000). Consequently, public higher education institutions are losing the relative autonomy they once enjoyed, as they face pressures from multiple constituencies to improve access, affordability, and quality. Declining state appropriations, the proliferation of performance accountability policies, and significant organizational change are important emerging issues characterizing the new policy context for public higher education. This dissertation explores these issues in three essays addressing questions relating to the use of performance management in public higher education. Chapter 2 focuses on the factors associated with state adoption of performance funding policies, while Chapter 3 explores its effects on graduation rates and degree production, as well how differences in institutional mission and capacity condition those effects. Chapter 4 examines how performance funding affects college affordability. Overall, the findings suggest that performance funding policies may improve performance for a certain subset of institutions, but may also harm access and affordability. This dissertation explores these issues in three essay's addressing questions relating to the use of performance management in public higher education. Chapter 2 focuses on the factors associated with state adoption of performance funding policies, while Chapter 3 explores its effects on graduation rates and degree production, as well how differences in institutional mission and capacity condition those effects. Chapter 4 examines how performance funding affects college affordability. Overall, the findings suggest that performance funding policies may improve performance for a certain subset of institutions, but may also harm access and affordability.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Policies and Politics in Higher Education by : Curtis Lockwood Reynolds
Download or read book Three Essays on Policies and Politics in Higher Education written by Curtis Lockwood Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Teachers' Careers and Students' Paths in Higher Education by : Pierre Gouëdard
Download or read book Teachers' Careers and Students' Paths in Higher Education written by Pierre Gouëdard and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents three ex-post evaluations of public policies in France in the education field. Each section aims to contribute to the interdisciplinary analytical framework of evaluation, by using the tools of econometric modelization. The first chapter focus on the effects on secondary teachers, of the 2003 reform of the public retirement system (modification of financial incentives). Stock and Wise model is structurally estimated. The second chapter measures the impact of a feature of the 2010 reform (following-up of the 2003 reform), namely the increase in the minimum legal age of retirement, on sick leaves of secondary teachers. A theoretical optimization model is built in order to develop hypothesis, that are then tested in dynamic non-linear panel data regressions. The last chapter evaluates the impact at the high-school level of a French program of affirmative action. A classic differences-in-differences methodology measures how the program affects the access rate to higher education.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Role of Higher Education in Inequality by : Jung In
Download or read book Three Essays on the Role of Higher Education in Inequality written by Jung In and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Student Pathways Through High School and College by : Taylor J. Delaney
Download or read book Three Essays on Student Pathways Through High School and College written by Taylor J. Delaney and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I provide three essays on education policy focusing on student pathways through high school and college. In the first essay, I examine the impact of initial enrollment in community college on bachelor's degree attainment compared to initial four-year enrollees. I use nationally representative student-level data from the Educational Longitudinal Study and an instrumental variable approach that leverage the cost of and proximity to two- and four-year schools that students face. In the second essay, I examine how being retained in high schools impacts students' likelihood of high school graduation, college enrollment and persistence, and early career outcomes. I compare retained students to socially promoted ones in Maryland using a series of strategies, including a linear probability model, propensity score matching, and an instrumental variable approach. In the last chapter, I compare students who initially matriculate to a community college and then transfer to a four-year school to those that begin and persist at a four-year school. I examine their bachelor's degree attainment using state administrative data from Maryland and multiple strategies, including an IV that exploits variation in the costs college students face over time and across the state. All three essays provide policy- and time-relevant policy implications that can help us better understand how to promote college and career readiness and successful pathways to bachelor's degree attainment.
Book Synopsis Three Essays in the Economics of Education by : Pierre Edward Mouganie
Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Education written by Pierre Edward Mouganie and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation introduces three essays on the short and long run consequences of educational choices. In the first essay "Conscription and the Returns to Education: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity" we use a regression discontinuity design to first identify the effect of peacetime conscription on education and labor market outcomes. Results indicate that conscription eligibility induces a significant increase in years of education, which is consistent with conscription avoidance behavior. However, this increased education does not result in either an increase in graduation rates, or in employment and wages. Additional evidence shows conscription has no direct effect on earnings, suggesting that the returns to education induced by this policy was zero. In the second essay "Quality of Higher Education and Earnings: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from the French Baccalaureate", we use a regression discontinuity design to examine the returns to quality of postsecondary education. We compare the outcomes of students who marginally pass and fail the first round exams of the French Baccalaureate, a degree that students must earn to graduate from secondary school. Marginally passing increases the likelihood of attending a higher quality university and a STEM major. Threshold crossing also increases earnings by 13.6 percent at the age of 27 to 29. After ruling out other channels that could affect earnings, we conclude that increased access to higher quality postsecondary education leads to a significant earnings premium. In the third and final essay "Better or Best? High School Quality and Academic Performance" we look at the effects of attending a higher quality high school on the academic performance and college outcomes of young Chinese students. Specifically, in our analysis, we draw a distinction between going to a better school, regardless of tier, and going to a top-tier school. We find that college entrance exam test score gains and improved college outcomes are only realized for individuals attending the most elite set of high schools. These results are mainly driven by males as we find no significant effects on academic performance for females. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that these academic gains are mostly due to variation in teacher quality. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155600.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Education Law and Policy by : Regina R. Umpstead
Download or read book Three Essays on Education Law and Policy written by Regina R. Umpstead and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Why They Can't Write by : John Warner
Download or read book Why They Can't Write written by John Warner and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2018-12-03 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important challenge to what currently masquerades as conventional wisdom regarding the teaching of writing. There seems to be widespread agreement that—when it comes to the writing skills of college students—we are in the midst of a crisis. In Why They Can't Write, John Warner, who taught writing at the college level for two decades, argues that the problem isn't caused by a lack of rigor, or smartphones, or some generational character defect. Instead, he asserts, we're teaching writing wrong. Warner blames this on decades of educational reform rooted in standardization, assessments, and accountability. We have done no more, Warner argues, than conditioned students to perform "writing-related simulations," which pass temporary muster but do little to help students develop their writing abilities. This style of teaching has made students passive and disengaged. Worse yet, it hasn't prepared them for writing in the college classroom. Rather than making choices and thinking critically, as writers must, undergraduates simply follow the rules—such as the five-paragraph essay—designed to help them pass these high-stakes assessments. In Why They Can't Write, Warner has crafted both a diagnosis for what ails us and a blueprint for fixing a broken system. Combining current knowledge of what works in teaching and learning with the most enduring philosophies of classical education, this book challenges readers to develop the skills, attitudes, knowledge, and habits of mind of strong writers.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Economics of Higher Education by : Safa Ragued
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Higher Education written by Safa Ragued and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My thesis bridges two different literatures namely, the Economics of Education and Labor Economics. These two literatures are brought together to bear on public policy aimed at enhancing human capital and preventing inefficient schooling paths. The first chapter proposes a general equilibrium model of enrollment in higher education and labor supply, in the context of uncertain return on higher education and internationally mobile capital. The study aims to contrast the performances of different wage tax proposals on skill formation. The results suggest that the quantitative impact on skill formation of switching from the flat to the progressive tax varies with the level of efficiency with which higher education imparts graduates with suitable skills. This impact is negative when the level of efficiency of higher education is low and positive when it is high. The second chapter raises the issue of income inequality. The model considers three types of interventions on which the government could take action to maximize social welfare: financing early education, subsidizing college tuition and/or redistributing income through taxation. The study jointly determines the optimal level of these policies using a model of college enrollment. When calibrated to empirical evidence from the Canadian Province of Ontario, the model predicts an optimal policy mix characterized by the coexistence of redistributive taxation, public investment in K-12 education, and public subsidies for college tuition. Compared to the Status Quo policy scenario in Ontario, the optimal policy mix exhibits a lower share of public funds allocated to K-12 education, a higher share allocated to college tuition subsidies, and a higher level of redistributive taxation. More importantly, the results conclude that studies that do not jointly determine the optimal levels of the three policy options tend to overestimate these levels. While the first two chapters study the optimality of public policies, the third chapter empirically tackles the issue of temporary interruption of higher education, particularly, its effect on subsequent wages. Most of the studies that address the issue of the economic consequences of schooling interruption, examine dropping-out as a permanent decision. Little attention has so far been given to the effect of temporary drop out on earnings despite the substantial number of dropouts who at some point decide to re-enroll and complete their education. This chapter contributes to the understanding of this issue by investigating the extent to which schooling discontinuities affect post-graduation starting real wages and whether the latter are differently influenced by the reasons behind these discontinuities. This subject is examined using data from the 2007 National Graduate Survey. The covariates endogeneity is taken into account using Lewbel's (2012) generated instrument approach. The latter imposes some reasonable restrictions on the conditional second moments of the data, under heteroscedasticity of the error terms of the endogenous covariates. Under these constraints, the Lewbel framework provides generated instruments which are used along with additional external instruments, to estimate the model. Conditional on the levels of schooling and experience, the results find a positive effect on wages of temporary schooling interruption for men who had held a full-time job during their out-of-school spell(s). Both men and women witness a wage decrease if their interruption is associated with health issues. Women also bear a wage penalty if their interruption is due to a part-time job, to lack of money, or is caused by reasons other than health, work, and money.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Educational Policy and Peer Effects by : Lars John Lefgren
Download or read book Three Essays on Educational Policy and Peer Effects written by Lars John Lefgren and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Education Policies and Child Health by : Lu Yin
Download or read book Three Essays on Education Policies and Child Health written by Lu Yin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In models in which we control for student-level fixed effects, we find strong evidence that with the increase of teacher evaluation standards students tend to have higher BMI and are more likely to be overweight. The third essay examines the impact of State-Sex-Education policies as well as the new Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, the Title V, Section 510 Abstinence Education Program on adolescent risk behaviors. To account for the potential differential impacts of 1996 Title V Section 510 had upon state sex education mandates which will subsequently bias our analysis, we thus employ an Interrupted Time-Series design that first exploits the impact of 1996 reform on state sex education legislatives and identify their effects on adolescent sexual behaviors subsequently. First, we find that neither abstinence-only nor comprehensive sex education decrease the probability of being sexually active or increase the likelihood of performing safe sex. Instead, we find that abstinence-only lower the probability of using condoms and birth control pills relative to not using any birth control method. Second, using the ITS model, we find that the trend in percentage of students who had sex (percentage of students who had sex before 13) decreases by 0.5% in high-implement states relative to low-implement states post 1996 reform.
Book Synopsis Essays on Market Structure and Policy in Higher Education by : Luis Christopher Armona
Download or read book Essays on Market Structure and Policy in Higher Education written by Luis Christopher Armona and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three essays discussing government policy in higher education, the effects of online social networks during college on students after graduating, and how to use search data as a tool to recover characteristics of both products and customers to estimate demand. In the first chapter, co-authored with Shengmao Cao, we study the equilibrium impact of student aid in the United States market for sub-baccalaureate higher education and consider the implications of alternative aid policies. We estimate a structural model of supply and demand in this market. We then derive an optimal voucher policy that maximizes educational quality, measured as the value-added in earnings generated by each sub-baccalaureate college. Our optimal voucher policy highlights the fact that for-profit colleges, despite being lower quality on average, are more effective at increasing enrollment than public community colleges. Consequently, these schools play an important role in improving the educational outcomes of students. In the second chapter, using quasi-random variation from Facebook's entry to college campuses, I exploit a natural experiment to estimate the effect of online social network access on future earnings. My estimates imply that access to Facebook for an additional year in college causes a .61 percentile increase in a cohort's average earnings, translating to an average wage increase of around \$970 in 2014. My results also suggest that Facebook access decreases income inequality within a cohort. I provide evidence that wage increases comes through the channel of increased social ties to former classmates, which leads to strengthened employment networks between college alumni. In the third chapter of this dissertation, co-authored with Greg Lewis and Giorgos Zervas, we extend a machine learning approach (Bayesian Personalized Ranking) that allows us to jointly learn latent product characteristics and consumer preferences relevant for consumer demand from search data. We show how search data, summarized through these latent parameters, can be combined with existing demand estimation approaches to better predict demand. Our application is to the hotel market, where we combine two datasets: consumers' web browsing histories, and hotel prices and occupancy rates. Using an event study design, we show that closeness in latent characteristic space predicts competition: hotels that are close to new entrants lose the most market share post-entry. We take a more structural approach to the 2016 merger of Marriott and Starwood, demonstrating that by using latent characteristics and consumer preferences learned from search data, we can substantially improve post-merger predictions of demand relative to standard baselines.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Empirical Methods for Evaluating the Impact of Policy Interventions in Education and Training by : Petra Elisabeth Crockett-Todd
Download or read book Three Essays on Empirical Methods for Evaluating the Impact of Policy Interventions in Education and Training written by Petra Elisabeth Crockett-Todd and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
