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Author : Koji Kotani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Environmental Economics written by Koji Kotani and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yu Fu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Development Economics and Environmental Economics written by Yu Fu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three independent essays on the fields of development economics and environmental economics. The first two papers use the same theoretical model to explain different issues in developing countries. The third paper studies the effects of population growth on the Environmental Kuznets Curve provided it exists. China's internal migration plays an important role in explaining its recent economic success. The first paper constructs a model of labor migration, focusing on the role of selection effects in determining labor market outcomes, and then calibrates it to quantify the effects of China's labor market reforms on its outputs and inequality. I show that the removal of internal migration restrictions benefits the economy as a whole, while exacerbating inequality within both rural and urban areas. The second paper suggests that minimum wage policy may be beneficial for a transitional economy in which labor is migrating from rural areas to urban areas when positive moving costs occur. With a moving cost wedge a modestly binding minimum wage can cause relatively low productivity urban workers to be replaced by higher productivity rural migrants, and therefore increase aggregate output. To achieve the second best outcome, government shall fully compensate the moving costs for the marginal migrant workers who move from the rural industrial sector to the urban subsistence sector and a binding minimum wage shall be imposed on the urban workers but not the migrant workers in the urban industrial sector. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and many local environmental health indicators. By using an overlapping generations (OLG) model, I focus on technological effects, where the properties of the existing pollution abatement technologies could generate the inverted U-shaped EKC and other forms of growth-pollution paths for the less advanced economies. Moreover, I examine the effects of population growth on the shape of the EKC, provided that it exists. Simulations indicate positive population growth raises the height of the EKC at every level of output per worker; thus, putting an extra burden on environment quality. Empirical evidence from China partially supports the results.
Author : Stefanie Sieber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Economic Development and the Environment written by Stefanie Sieber and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Solène Masson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Environmental and Development Economics written by Solène Masson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deforestation in Brazil has been a growing phenomenon since the 1970s', whose acceleration is mainly due to the agricultural expansion and infrastructure development such as roads. In order to reduce incentive to deforest, authorities promoted several sets of environmental conservation programs.Understanding the effects of such policy interventions both on environmental (intensity of deforestation, economic mechanisms) and socio-economic issues (effect on poverty, effect on local population development) is essential if public policies are to be put in place in an efficient way.Nevertheless, access to spatial, economic and social data due to the size of the Brazilian Amazon makes impact evaluation challenging. This thesis is organized around two themes: spatial analysis, impact evaluation analysis. The creation of an original database at an aggregation level that is, as far as we know, very little studied allows us to extend research on both environmental and socio-economic analyses of environmental public policies.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (884 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Development and Environmental Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter analyzes whether monetary incentives modify cooperative behavior in activities that have been traditionally uncompensated. In particular, it evaluates whether Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) change cooperation in Mexican common property communities. The analysis explores households' cooperation in forest conservation activities, which for a long time have been done without compensation and are increasingly incentivized under PES. It also explores cooperation in non-forest community activities that remain uncompensated. Findings indicate that cash incentives increase cooperation in activities that are compensated and that the framing of the incentive plays an important role in explaining cooperation in activities that remain uncompensated. Lump-sum transfers without work conditionalities can be more effective than conditional payments to promote cooperation in settings with sanctions for deviant behavior and visible actions. The second chapter simultaneously evaluates the impacts of PES on both avoided deforestation and poverty reduction. For this, it evaluates land cover and wealth impacts of a federal PES program in Mexico. Panel data for program beneficiaries and rejected applicants helps to control for fixed differences and time trends affecting both groups. Findings indicate that the program reduces the expected loss of land cover by 40-51 percent without negatively affecting household wealth. Environmental gains are higher where poverty is low while household gains are higher where deforestation risk is low, illustrating the difficulty of meeting multiple policy goals with one single policy instrument. The third chapter looks at the impacts of increasing female political representation on public policy choices and welfare outcomes. By exploiting the pre-determined position of women in the list of candidates for municipal councilors in Bolivia, together with small margins of difference in the number of votes political parties get, this study uses an innovative regression discontinuity design that is relevant for systems of proportional representation. Findings indicate that women councillors devote more resources to social investments. In particular, they prioritize education, health, and environmental protection giving less attention to infrastructure investments. The impacts of female representation appear only some years after the elections and there is weak evidence on the links between changes in public policy choices and final outcomes.
Author : Uffe Nielsen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)
Download or read book Essays in Environment and Development Economics written by Uffe Nielsen and published by . This book was released on with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a collection of essays all within the subject matter of environment and development economics. They fall within two main topics of this field: The last three essays deal with the micro-level incentives of inhabitants in poor run areas of developing countries for conservation of environmental resources. The first three essays take on a much more global approach, in that they deal with distributional issues (intra-or inter-generational) involved in the financing of large-scale environmental programmes, such as programmes intended to curtain or adapt to global climate change, and environmentally related "aid" projects offered to less developed countries.
Author : Mukesh Kumar Ray
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780438309364
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Mukesh Kumar Ray and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rachel Frattarola
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Essays on Development and Environmental Economics written by Rachel Frattarola and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is a collection of three essays that examine household and market behavior in the presence of missing markets and negative externalities. In the first chapter, I study the motives for the sustained operation of unprofitable grocery stores in developing countries. I use fixed effects estimation and find that store ownership increases the value of yearly per capita food consumption by 9 to 18 percent. I also show that all households are able to smooth consumption fairly well, but the effect of income on consumption is approximately 50 to 80 percent less for store-owning households, suggesting that households who own stores are better insured. These findings indicate that the operation of stores provides Nicaraguan households with a consumption benefit by increasing food consumption and informal insurance through improved consumption smoothing. In the second chapter, I combine household and historical weather data to analyze technology adoption dynamics in Kenya. Farmers' switching between improved and traditional technologies in multiple periods suggests that households benefit from these technologies but face constraints that impede permanent adoption. I test whether negative income shocks preclude households from making the investment needed to sustain the usage of hybrid seed and inorganic fertilizer, thereby explaining the inconsistent adoption. Probit estimates show that the death of a household member increases the probability of discontinuation of hybrid seed and of inorganic fertilizer, while favorable weather in the previous season decreases the probability of discontinuation. The third chapter examines the effect of power plant closures on local housing prices. The difference-in-differences analysis shows that the closure of a power plant leads to an increase in housing prices of 6 percent for fossil fuels, with heterogeneity by fuel type. Housing prices increase following the retirement of gas- and petroleum-fired plants and decrease by 7 to 8 percent when a coal plant closes. Prices may remain lower for the sample of retired coal plants because home buyers are uncertain about the future prospects of mitigating this pollution.
Author : Wilson Amadeo Perez-Oviedo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Development Economics written by Wilson Amadeo Perez-Oviedo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Prakarsh Singh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Prakarsh Singh and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Céline Ferré
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Céline Ferré and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arun Jacob
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Arun Jacob and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chitra Jogani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Chitra Jogani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : S. Dalwai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by S. Dalwai and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ana C. Dammert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109899696
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (996 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Ana C. Dammert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second essay tests empirically the latest theories in which child labor does not have a linear relation with household income. Using data from Peru and adopting a multivariate nonparametric approach, with continuous and discrete covariates and cross-validation methods for optimal bandwidths, the results reveal interesting patterns not detected in the child labor literature. The estimated elasticities are larger than those from previous studies and suggest that changes in income have a heterogeneous effect on employment and school participation with higher effects for low-income households.
Author : Shun Chonabayashi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Essays in Environmental and Development Economics written by Shun Chonabayashi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation lies at the intersection of environmental economics and development economics. It includes three essays that empirically examine the effects of climate change and extreme weather events on agriculture in both developed and developing countries.The first essay explores how the choice of weather data sets could affect estimates of climate change impacts. A large body of empirical literature finds that high temperatures are detrimental to a wide range of economic outcomes. These effects are often identified from the within-location temporal variation in exposure to the extreme right tail of the temperature distribution. Here, we document large discrepancies in exposure to extreme temperatures across six high-resolution gridded weather data sets in the US, where weather data is considered to be of high quality. We explore and illustrate the consequences of these data discrepancies in the estimation of potential climate change impacts on agriculture. We find that most climate change impacts based on different climate data sets are not statistically different from each other. Yet, the choice of the underlying weather data set can account for up to 48 percent of estimated warming damages on US crop yields. These findings highlight an important, but generally unrecognized, source of uncertainty in estimates of climate change impacts and the need for more systematic intercomparisons of widely used geospatial data sets in environmental social sciences.In the second essay, we estimate the impact of self-reported occurrences of droughts and floods on crop and livestock net income in Sub-Saharan Africa during the period 2009-2016. Based on a pooled data set for five countries, we find robust negative and heterogeneous impacts of droughts and floods across different levels of irrigation, poverty, and agricultural diversification, including reductions of net crop income by 34 percent and 61 percent due to droughts and floods, respectively. The study also confirms the importance of poverty alleviation and agricultural diversification to cope with the adverse effects of droughts and floods.The third essay studies the effects of droughts and floods on agricultural livelihoods in Zambia. The adverse effects of weather extremes produce widespread damage and cause severe alterations in the normal functioning of household agricultural production in Zambia. The intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, are expected to increase due to climate change. Coupled with high poverty levels and limited institutional capacity, the country is highly vulnerable to the impact of extreme events. We quantify the effects of economic diversification on the agricultural productivity of poor farm households with a skew-normal regression approach while accounting for drought and flood shocks. Our analysis finds that economic diversification is a strategy to increase agricultural productivity and mitigate the adverse impact of droughts and floods on agricultural households. The results also support the country's policies to encourage hybrid maize production and to provide crop seeds and fertilizers to poor farmers. This paper provides a framework to plan and inform interventions to enhance household economic resilience to weather shocks through agricultural diversification in Zambia and other countries.
Author : Chun-Wing Tse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Environmental and Development Economics written by Chun-Wing Tse and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This dissertation studies how environmental shocks, risk attitudes and time preferences affect key decisions made by households which affect their long term well-being.The first chapter studies how natural disasters affect household migration. I separately examine the impact of natural disasters on the tendency of entire households to migrate, as well as for part of the household to split off and migrate. Contrary to conventional wisdom, I find that natural disasters significantly reduce migration rates. There are various channels of impacts: earthquakes reduce household size, earnings and non-business assets, each of which tends to reduce migration rates. Volcanic eruptions on the other hand raise the value of farmland, which, in turn, reduces migration.The second chapter studies the impact of natural disasters on household fertility. I show that natural disasters have a significant negative effect on fertility. The study explores various channels to explain the reduction in number of children born. I discover two possible channels for lower fertility: (1) wealth effect and (2) effect of working women. Natural disasters destroy assets and consequently lower fertility because the decrease in wealth reduces the capacity of parents to have more children. Natural disasters also induce married females to work more and have fewer children.The third chapter examines how intrinsic preferences of risk aversion and impatience estimated from responses to hypothetical choices determine household economic decisions, which in turn affect their future well-being. More risk-averse and impatient households experience lower growth in consumption, income and assets. More risk-averse households are less likely to invest in financial assets and start their own businesses. More impatient households are less likely to purchase insurance and invest in financial assets. The chapter investigates the extent to which these decisions were correlated with growth in consumption, income and assets.
