Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics

Download Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420012029
Total Pages : 1472 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics by : P Mayles

Download or read book Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics written by P Mayles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-06-12 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From background physics and biological models to the latest imaging and treatment modalities, the Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics: Theory and Practice covers all theoretical and practical aspects of radiotherapy physics. In this comprehensive reference, each part focuses on a major area of radiotherapy, beginning with an introduction by the

Three-dimensional Radiation Treatment

Download Three-dimensional Radiation Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805569475
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Three-dimensional Radiation Treatment by : H. J. Feldmann

Download or read book Three-dimensional Radiation Treatment written by H. J. Feldmann and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation therapy is in the process of continual change, fueled by advances in computer technology, but also aided by the contributions of several disciplines such as physics, mathematics, radiological diagnostics, neurosurgery, and mechanical and electrical engineering. Based on the 3D imaging techniques CT and MRI, a complete change from the 2D consideration of the radiotherapy problem has taken place, leading to 3D treatment planning and to completely new treatment delivery systems. A 3D approach allows for a dramatic rethinking of the following central therapy issues: positioning, targeting, and dose and risk calculation. Major advances have been made in recent years in conformal or stereotactic techniques, in dosimetry, the target volume concept as well as clinical studies. The advances are reflected in the papers collected here from the international symposium '3D Radiation Treatment: Technological Innovations and Clinical Results' held in Munich in March 1999. The reports present the newest technical developments and clinical applications. New conformal and stereotactic technologies are discussed. Clinical results are presented in the treatment of lung cancer, prostate cancer, and brain tumors. The role of growth factors and cytokines in the pathogenesis of radiation injury is examined as are mechanisms in the development of normal tissue damage and their significance for understanding tolerated radiation dose. Included are reports on endovascular brachytherapy and new tools of 3D brachytherapy. This timely book will be of particular interest to radiation oncologists and related clinical practitioners, biologists and physicists.

New Technologies in Radiation Oncology

Download New Technologies in Radiation Oncology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540299998
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Technologies in Radiation Oncology by : Wolfgang C. Schlegel

Download or read book New Technologies in Radiation Oncology written by Wolfgang C. Schlegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Summarizes the state of the art in the most relevant areas of medical physics and engineering applied to radiation oncology - Covers all relevant areas of the subject in detail, including 3D imaging and image processing, 3D treatment planning, modern treatment techniques, patient positioning, and aspects of verification and quality assurance - Conveys information in a readily understandable way that will appeal to professionals and students with a medical background as well as to newcomers to radiation oncology from the field of physics

Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy

Download Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351645110
Total Pages : 845 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy by : Ben Mijnheer

Download or read book Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy written by Ben Mijnheer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a first comprehensive summary of the basic principles, instrumentation, methods, and clinical applications of three-dimensional dosimetry in modern radiation therapy treatment. The presentation reflects the major growth in the field as a result of the widespread use of more sophisticated radiotherapy approaches such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy, which require new 3D dosimetric techniques to determine very accurately the dose distribution. It is intended as an essential guide for those involved in the design and implementation of new treatment technology and its application in advanced radiation therapy, and will enable these readers to select the most suitable equipment and methods for their application. Chapters include numerical data, examples, and case studies.

Practical Aspects of Electron Beam Treatment Planning

Download Practical Aspects of Electron Beam Treatment Planning PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Institute of Physics
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Aspects of Electron Beam Treatment Planning by : Colin G. Orton

Download or read book Practical Aspects of Electron Beam Treatment Planning written by Colin G. Orton and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 1978 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy

Download Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1466507942
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy by : Joao Seco

Download or read book Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy written by Joao Seco and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern cancer treatment relies on Monte Carlo simulations to help radiotherapists and clinical physicists better understand and compute radiation dose from imaging devices as well as exploit four-dimensional imaging data. With Monte Carlo-based treatment planning tools now available from commercial vendors, a complete transition to Monte Carlo-base

Johns and Cunningham's The Physics of Radiology

Download Johns and Cunningham's The Physics of Radiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Charles C Thomas Publisher
ISBN 13 : 039809294X
Total Pages : 1384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Johns and Cunningham's The Physics of Radiology by : Eva Bezak

Download or read book Johns and Cunningham's The Physics of Radiology written by Eva Bezak and published by Charles C Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 1384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifth edition of this respected book encompasses all the advances and changes that have been made since it was last revised. It not only presents new ideas and information, it shifts its emphases to accurately reflect the inevitably changing perspectives in the field engendered by progress in the understanding of radiological physics. The rapid development of computing technology in the three decades since the publication of the fourth edition has enabled the equally rapid expansion of radiology, radiation oncology, nuclear medicine and radiobiology. The understanding of these clinical disciplines is dependent on an appreciation of the underlying physics. The basic radiation physics of relevance to clinical oncology, radiology and nuclear medicine has undergone little change over the last 70 years, so much of the material in the introductory chapters retains the essential flavour of the fourth edition, updated as required. This book is written to help the practitioners in these fields understand the physical science, as well as to serve as a basic tool for physics students who intend working as medical radiation physicists in these clinical fields. It is the authors’ hope that students and practitioners alike will find the fifth edition of The Physics of Radiology lucid and straightforward.

Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics

Download Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429510160
Total Pages : 1463 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics by : Philip Mayles

Download or read book Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics written by Philip Mayles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 1463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the essential background physics and radiobiology to the latest imaging and treatment modalities, the updated second edition of Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics: Theory & Practice covers all aspects of the subject. In Volume 1, Part A includes the Interaction of Radiation with Matter (charged particles and photons) and the Fundamentals of Dosimetry with an extensive section on small-field physics. Part B covers Radiobiology with increased emphasis on hypofractionation. Part C describes Equipment for Imaging and Therapy including MR-guided linear accelerators. Part D on Dose Measurement includes chapters on ionisation chambers, solid-state detectors, film and gels, as well as a detailed description and explanation of Codes of Practice for Reference Dose Determination including detector correction factors in small fields. Part E describes the properties of Clinical (external) Beams. The various methods (or ‘algorithms’) for Computing Doses in Patients irradiated by photon, electron and proton beams are described in Part F with increased emphasis on Monte-Carlo-based and grid-based deterministic algorithms. In Volume 2, Part G covers all aspects of Treatment Planning including CT-, MR- and Radionuclide-based patient imaging, Intensity-Modulated Photon Beams, Electron and Proton Beams, Stereotactic and Total Body Irradiation and the use of the dosimetric and radiobiological metrics TCP and NTCP for plan evaluation and optimisation. Quality Assurance fundamentals with application to equipment and processes are covered in Part H. Radionuclides, equipment and methods for Brachytherapy and Targeted Molecular Therapy are covered in Parts I and J, respectively. Finally, Part K is devoted to Radiation Protection of the public, staff and patients. Extensive tables of Physical Constants, Photon, Electron and Proton Interaction data, and typical Photon Beam and Radionuclide data are given in Part L. Edited by recognised authorities in the field, with individual chapters written by renowned specialists, this second edition of Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics provides the essential up-to-date theoretical and practical knowledge to deliver safe and effective radiotherapy. It will be of interest to clinical and research medical physicists, radiation oncologists, radiation technologists, PhD and Master’s students.

Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons

Download Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461310598
Total Pages : 637 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons by : T.M. Jenkins

Download or read book Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons written by T.M. Jenkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For ten days at the end of September, 1987, a group of about 75 scientists from 21 different countries gathered in a restored monastery on a 750 meter high piece of rock jutting out of the Mediterranean Sea to discuss the simulation of the transport of electrons and photons using Monte Carlo techniques. When we first had the idea for this meeting, Ralph Nelson, who had organized a previous course at the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture, suggested that Erice would be the ideal place for such a meeting. Nahum, Nelson and Rogers became Co-Directors of the Course, with the help of Alessandro Rindi, the Director of the School of Radiation Damage and Protection, and Professor Antonino Zichichi, Director of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre. The course was an outstanding success, both scientifically and socially, and those at the meeting will carry the marks of having attended, both intellectually and on a personal level where many friendships were made. The scientific content of the course was at a very high caliber, both because of the hard work done by all the lecturers in preparing their lectures (e. g. , complete copies of each lecture were available at the beginning of the course) and because of the high quality of the "students", many of whom were accomplished experts in the field. The outstanding facilities of the Centre contributed greatly to the success. This volume contains the formal record of the course lectures.

Khan's The Physics of Radiation Therapy

Download Khan's The Physics of Radiation Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1469881268
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (698 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Khan's The Physics of Radiation Therapy by : Faiz M. Khan

Download or read book Khan's The Physics of Radiation Therapy written by Faiz M. Khan and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2014-04-03 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expand your understanding of the physics and practical clinical applications of advanced radiation therapy technologies with Khan's The Physics of Radiation Therapy, 5th edition, the book that set the standard in the field. This classic full-color text helps the entire radiation therapy team—radiation oncologists, medical physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation therapists—develop a thorough understanding of 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), high dose-rate remote afterloaders (HDR), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), and proton beam therapy, as well as the physical concepts underlying treatment planning, treatment delivery, and dosimetry. In preparing this new Fifth Edition, Dr. Kahn and new co-author Dr. John Gibbons made chapter-by-chapter revisions in the light of the latest developments in the field, adding new discussions, a new chapter, and new color illustrations throughout. Now even more precise and relevant, this edition is ideal as a reference book for practitioners, a textbook for students, and a constant companion for those preparing for their board exams. Features Stay on top of the latest advances in the field with new sections and/or discussions of Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), and the Failure Mode Event Analysis (FMEA) approach to quality assurance. Deepen your knowledge of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) through a completely new chapter that covers SBRT in greater detail. Expand your visual understanding with new full color illustrations that reflect current practice and depict new procedures. Access the authoritative information you need fast through the new companion website which features fully searchable text and an image bank for greater convenience in studying and teaching. This is the tablet version which does not include access to the supplemental content mentioned in the text.

Computational Radiology and Imaging

Download Computational Radiology and Imaging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461215501
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computational Radiology and Imaging by : Christoph Börgers

Download or read book Computational Radiology and Imaging written by Christoph Börgers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles collected in this volume are based on lectures given at the IMA Workshop, "Computational Radiology and Imaging: Therapy and Diagnostics", March 17-21, 1997. Introductory articles by the editors have been added. The focus is on inverse problems involving electromagnetic radiation and particle beams, with applications to X-ray tomography, nuclear medicine, near-infrared imaging, microwave imaging, electron microscopy, and radiation therapy planning. Mathematical and computational tools and models which play important roles in this volume include the X-ray transform and other integral transforms, the linear Boltzmann equation and, for near-infrared imaging, its diffusion approximation, iterative methods for large linear and non-linear least-squares problems, iterative methods for linear feasibility problems, and optimization methods. The volume is intended not only for mathematical scientists and engineers working on these and related problems, but also for non-specialists. It contains much introductory expository material, and a large number of references. Many unsolved computational and mathematical problems of substantial practical importance are pointed out.

Cumulated Index Medicus

Download Cumulated Index Medicus PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cumulated Index Medicus by :

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Radiation Therapy Physics

Download Radiation Therapy Physics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662031078
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radiation Therapy Physics by : Alfred R. Smith

Download or read book Radiation Therapy Physics written by Alfred R. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide a uniquely comprehensive source of information on the entire field of radiation therapy physics. The very significant advances in imaging, computational, and accelerator technologies receive full consideration, as do such topics as the dosimetry of radiolabeled antibodies and dose calculation models. The scope of the book and the expertise of the authors make it essential reading for interested physicians and physicists and for radiation dosimetrists.

Clinical Radiation Oncology E-Book

Download Clinical Radiation Oncology E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323370187
Total Pages : 2253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (233 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Radiation Oncology E-Book by : Leonard L. Gunderson

Download or read book Clinical Radiation Oncology E-Book written by Leonard L. Gunderson and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 2253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perfect for radiation oncology physicians and residents needing a multidisciplinary, treatment-focused resource, this updated edition continues to provide the latest knowledge in this consistently growing field. Not only will you broaden your understanding of the basic biology of disease processes, you'll also access updated treatment algorithms, information on techniques, and state-of-the-art modalities. The consistent and concise format provides just the right amount of information, making Clinical Radiation Oncology a welcome resource for use by the entire radiation oncology team. Content is templated and divided into three sections -- Scientific Foundations of Radiation Oncology, Techniques and Modalities, and Disease Sites – for quick access to information. Disease Sites chapters summarize the most important issues on the opening page and include a full-color format, liberal use of tables and figures, a closing section with a discussion of controversies and problems, and a treatment algorithm that reflects the treatment approach of the authors. Chapters have been edited for scientific accuracy, organization, format, and adequacy of outcome data (such as disease control, survival, and treatment tolerance). Allows you to examine the therapeutic management of specific disease sites based on single-modality and combined-modality approaches. Features an emphasis on providing workup and treatment algorithms for each major disease process, as well as the coverage of molecular biology and its relevance to individual diseases. Two new chapters provide an increased emphasis on stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body irradiation (SBRT). New Associate Editor, Dr. Andrea Ng, offers her unique perspectives to the Lymphoma and Hematologic Malignancies section. Key Points are summarized at the beginning of each disease-site chapter, mirroring the template headings and highlighting essential information and outcomes. Treatment algorithms and techniques, together with discussions of controversies and problems, reflect the treatment approaches employed by the authors. Disease Site Overviews allow each section editor to give a unique perspective on important issues, while online updates to Disease Site chapters ensure your knowledge is current. Disease Site chapters feature updated information on disease management and outcomes. Thirty all-new anatomy drawings increase your visual understanding. Medicine eBook is accessible on a variety of devices.

Hendee's Radiation Therapy Physics

Download Hendee's Radiation Therapy Physics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470376511
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (73 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hendee's Radiation Therapy Physics by : Todd Pawlicki

Download or read book Hendee's Radiation Therapy Physics written by Todd Pawlicki and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-18 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication of this fourth edition, more than ten years on from the publication of Radiation Therapy Physics third edition, provides a comprehensive and valuable update to the educational offerings in this field. Led by a new team of highly esteemed authors, building on Dr Hendee’s tradition, Hendee’s Radiation Therapy Physics offers a succinctly written, fully modernised update. Radiation physics has undergone many changes in the past ten years: intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has become a routine method of radiation treatment delivery, digital imaging has replaced film-screen imaging for localization and verification, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is frequently used, in many centers proton therapy has become a viable mode of radiation therapy, new approaches have been introduced to radiation therapy quality assurance and safety that focus more on process analysis rather than specific performance testing, and the explosion in patient-and machine-related data has necessitated an increased awareness of the role of informatics in radiation therapy. As such, this edition reflects the huge advances made over the last ten years. This book: Provides state of the art content throughout Contains four brand new chapters; image-guided therapy, proton radiation therapy, radiation therapy informatics, and quality and safety improvement Fully revised and expanded imaging chapter discusses the increased role of digital imaging and computed tomography (CT) simulation The chapter on quality and safety contains content in support of new residency training requirements Includes problem and answer sets for self-test This edition is essential reading for radiation oncologists in training, students of medical physics, medical dosimetry, and anyone interested in radiation therapy physics, quality, and safety.

The Breast E-Book

Download The Breast E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323511872
Total Pages : 1439 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Breast E-Book by : Kirby I. Bland

Download or read book The Breast E-Book written by Kirby I. Bland and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 1439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a single, convenient volume, The Breast: Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Diseases, 5th Edition covers every clinically relevant aspect of the field: cancer, congenital abnormalities, hormones, reconstruction, anatomy and physiology, benign breast disease, and more. Building upon the strengths of previous editions, this updated volume by Drs. Kirby I. Bland, Edward M. Copeland III, V. Suzanne Klimberg, and William J Gradishar, includes the latest innovations in breast cancer detection and treatment in a practical, easy-to-use format ideal for today's surgeons. - Delivers step-by-step clinical guidance highlighted by superb illustrations that depict relevant anatomy and pathology, as well as medical and surgical procedures. - Reflects the collaborative nature of diagnosis and treatment among radiologists, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, and other health care professionals who contribute to the management of patients with breast disease. - Offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date information on the diagnosis and management of, and rehabilitation following, surgery for benign and malignant diseases of the breast. - Covers the latest developments in receptor modulation, targeted monoclonal antibodies, evolving inhibitors with triple-negative disease, and more. - Discusses recent minimally invasive surgical techniques and new developments in oncoplastic breast conservation techniques. - Contains significant updates to the "Management of Systemic Disease" section that reflect the latest advances in chemotherapy, hormonal resistance, and therapy. - Includes links to real-time procedure videos and full-color procedural line drawings from the Klimberg Atlas of Breast Surgical Techniques on Expert Consult, providing expert visual guidance on how to execute key steps and techniques. - Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, videos (including video updates), glossary, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Khan's Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology

Download Khan's Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1975162048
Total Pages : 1342 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (751 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Khan's Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology by : Faiz M. Khan

Download or read book Khan's Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology written by Faiz M. Khan and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 1342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering comprehensive coverage of the clinical, physical, and technical aspects of radiation treatment planning, Khan’s Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology, Fifth Edition, provides a team approach to this complex field. Drs. Paul W. Sperduto and John P. Gibbons are joined by expert contributing authors who focus on the application of physical and clinical concepts to solve treatment planning problems—helping you provide effective, state-of-the-art care for cancer patients. This unique, well-regarded text has been updated throughout to reflect the most current practices in today’s radiation oncology treatment.