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Thermally Assisted Consolidation Of Out Of Autoclave Prepreg For Concave Parts
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Book Synopsis Thermally Assisted Consolidation of Out-of-autoclave Prepreg for Concave Parts by : Marissa Hughes
Download or read book Thermally Assisted Consolidation of Out-of-autoclave Prepreg for Concave Parts written by Marissa Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Vacuum Bag Only, Out-of-Autoclave prepreg processing offers a sustainable, cost-efficient alternative to conventional autoclave manufacturing of high strength composite parts. Flat or low curvature parts made with Out-of-Autoclave prepregs have demonstrated comparable mechanical properties to their autoclave counterparts, yet challenges still remain with the fabrication of parts with more complex features. One area of concern is corner thickening in concave corners. Best practices for reducing this defect exist; however, a more robust processing technique is desirable. In this work, a manufacturing process is proposed that involves heating the laminate during the vacuum bag compaction at regular intervals in the layup process. The aim of these heated debulks is to reduce corner thickening early on in the manufacturing process by encouraging inter-ply slipping, precipitating air removal, and increasing the degree of impregnation.Before the process could be designed, its potential was assessed through material characterization and demonstrator studies. Inter-ply friction was characterized for debulked samples using pull-out tests, allowing for a better understanding of the forces required to encourage prepreg slip. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to assess changes in the degree of cure caused by debulking, and found a slight increase in curing with increased debulk temperature and duration. Investigating the removal of air from a tool-part interface showed no impact of heating on air removal rate. It was observed that air returned to the plies if vacuum was released when the resin viscosity was low.Initial trials were run on flat plates. There was a decrease in short beam shear strength as the debulk dwell temperature increased. Meanwhile, low temperature hot debulks led to an increase in voids. L-brackets were manufactured on a concave tool. The hot debulk led to a 25% reduction in corner thickening and a 80% reduction in void content compared to the part debulked at room temperature. Such improvements in quality motivated the development of a more robust design for a hot debulk process. This procedure consisted of using an infrared lamp to heat the prepreg, dry carbon fibre fabric as breather to absorb the heat while evacuating gases, and a bath of dry ice used to cool the tool before the vacuum bag was vented.Parts were then made using this procedure with different debulk durations, temperatures, and frequencies. Longer hot debulks led to the greatest reduction in corner thickening, although improvements were observed for short, high temperature debulks. Long, high temperature debulks led to an increase in voids. Fewer debulks led to thicker corners and higher void contents, regardless of debulk temperature. Short beam shear strength was not impacted by the debulk procedure.A better understanding of the relationship between debulk time and temperature was necessary so an existing model was modified to simulate the trends observed. There are several barriers, both theoretical and empirical, that need to be overcome before this model can be used for process refinement. The work presented here contributes to the field in being among the first publicly available literature to methodically develop a detailed hot debulk procedure and to establish processing conditions to lead to improvements in part quality." --
Book Synopsis Manufacturing Techniques for Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) by : Suresh G Advani
Download or read book Manufacturing Techniques for Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) written by Suresh G Advani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer matrix composites are used extensively across a wide range of industries, making the design and development of effective manufacturing processes of great importance. Manufacturing techniques for polymer matrix composites (PMCs) provides an authoritative review of the different technologies employed in the manufacture of this class of composite.Following an introduction to composites and manufacturing processes, part one reviews the manufacturing of short fiber and nanoparticle based polymer matrix composites, with injection and compression molding examined in depth. Thermoplastic processing is the focus of part two. Sheet forming, fabric thermostamping, filament winding and continuous fiber reinforced profiles are investigated. Part three reviews thermoset processing. A survey of resin transfer molding follows, including vacuum-assisted and compression resin transfer molding. The pultrusion process is then considered, before the book concludes with an investigation into autoclave and out-of-autoclave curing processes in polymer matrix composites.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Manufacturing techniques for polymer matrix composites (PMCs) is an essential guide for engineers and scientists working in the field of polymer matrix composites. - Provides an authoritative review of the different technologies employed in the manufacture of polymer matrix composites - Reviews the manufacturing of short fiber and nanoparticle-based polymer matrix composites, with injection and compression molding examined in depth - Examines thermoplastic processing, sheet forming, fabric thermostamping, filament winding and continuous fiber reinforced profiles
Book Synopsis Manufacturing Processes for Advanced Composites by : Flake C Campbell Jr
Download or read book Manufacturing Processes for Advanced Composites written by Flake C Campbell Jr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • One of very few books available to cover this subject area. • A practical book with a wealth of detail.This book covers the major manufacturing processes for polymer matrix composites with an emphasis on continuous fibre-reinforced composites. It covers the major fabrication processes in detail.Very few books cover the details of fabrication and assembly processes for composites. This book is intended for the engineer who wants to learn more about composite processing: any one with some experience in composites should be able to read it. The author, who has 34 years experience in the aerospace industry, has intentionally left out mathematical models for processes so the book will be readable by the general engineer. It differs from other books on composites manufacturing in focussing almost solely on manufacturing processes, while not attempting to cover materials, test methods, mechanical properties and other areas of composites.
Book Synopsis Commercial Aircraft Composite Technology by : Ulf Paul Breuer
Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Composite Technology written by Ulf Paul Breuer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on lectures held at the faculty of mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. The focus is on the central theme of societies overall aircraft requirements to specific material requirements and highlights the most important advantages and challenges of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) compared to conventional materials. As it is fundamental to decide on the right material at the right place early on the main activities and milestones of the development and certification process and the systematic of defining clear requirements are discussed. The process of material qualification - verifying material requirements is explained in detail. All state-of-the-art composite manufacturing technologies are described, including changes and complemented by examples, and their improvement potential for future applications is discussed. Tangible case studies of high lift and wing structures emphasize the specific advantages and challenges of composite technology. Finally, latest R&D results are discussed, providing possible future solutions for key challenges such as low cost high performance materials, electrical function integration and morphing structures.
Book Synopsis Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology by : Ru-Min Wang
Download or read book Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology written by Ru-Min Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given such properties as low density and high strength, polymer matrix composites have become a widely used material in the aerospace and other industries. Polymer matrix composites and technology provides a helpful overview of these materials, their processing and performance.After an introductory chapter, part one reviews the main reinforcement and matrix materials used as well as the nature of the interface between them. Part two discusses forming and molding technologies for polymer matrix composites. The final part of the book covers key aspects of performance, including tensile, compression, shear and bending properties as well as impact, fatigue and creep behaviour.Polymer matrix composites and technology provides both students and those in industry with a valuable introduction to and overview of this important class of materials. - Provides a helpful overview of these materials, their processing and performance incorporating naming and classification of composite materials - Reviews the main reinforcement and matrix materials used as well as the nature of the interface between them including damage mechanisms - Discusses forming and molding technologies for polymer matrix composites outlining various techniques and technologies
Book Synopsis Liquid Moulding Technologies by : C D Rudd
Download or read book Liquid Moulding Technologies written by C D Rudd and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid moulding technologies such as RTM and SRIM are increasingly used for manufacturing composites in a variety of industries. Most interest stems from the automotive industry in the continuing search for weight savings, manufacturing economies and vehicle refinement.Liquid Moulding Technologies provides a unique insight into the development and use of such processes with a comprehensive description of the material, process variants, equipment, control strategies and tooling techniques used. Procedures for materials characterisation, preform and mould design are also described and the text is augmented by a number of case studies for prototype and production parts.This book is an invaluable source for both industrial moulders and those working in research and development.
Book Synopsis Heat Transfer in Polymer Composite Materials by : Nicolas Boyard
Download or read book Heat Transfer in Polymer Composite Materials written by Nicolas Boyard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-28 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses general information, good practices and examples about thermo-physical properties, thermo-kinetic and thermo-mechanical couplings, instrumentation in thermal science, thermal optimization and infrared radiation.
Book Synopsis Composites Manufacturing by : Sanjay Mazumdar
Download or read book Composites Manufacturing written by Sanjay Mazumdar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-12-27 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More and more companies manufacture reinforced composite products. To meet the market need, researchers and industries are developing manufacturing methods without a reference that thoroughly covers the manufacturing guidelines. Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Product, and Process Engineering fills this void. The author presents a fundamental
Book Synopsis Composites Forming Technologies by : A C Long
Download or read book Composites Forming Technologies written by A C Long and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composites are versatile engineered materials composed of two or more constituent materials which, when combined, lead to improved properties over the individual components whilst remaining separate on a macroscopic level. Due to their versatility, composite materials are used in a variety of areas ranging from healthcare and civil engineering to spacecraft technology. Composites forming technologies reviews the wealth of research in forming high-quality composite materials.The book begins with a concise explanation of the forming mechanisms and characterisation for composites, as well as covering modelling and analysis of forming techniques. Further chapters discuss the testing and simulation of composite materials forming. The book also considers forming technologies for various composite material forms including thermoset and thermoplastic prepreg, moulding compounds and composite/metal laminates.With its distinguished editor and array of international contributors, Composites forming technologies is an essential reference for engineers, researchers and academics involved with the production and use of composite materials. - Reviews the wealth of research in forming high-quality composite materials - Includes a concise explanation of the forming mechanisms and charaterisation for composites - Considers forming technologies for various composite material forms
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : Kamal K. Kar
Download or read book Composite Materials written by Kamal K. Kar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite materials are used as substitutions of metals/traditional materials in aerospace, automotive, civil, mechanical and other industries. The present book collects the current knowledge and recent developments in the characterization and application of composite materials. To this purpose the volume describes the outstanding properties of this class of advanced material which recommend it for various industrial applications.
Book Synopsis Polymer Matrix Composites: Materials Usage, Design, and Analysis by : Composite Materials Handbook – 17 (CMH-17)
Download or read book Polymer Matrix Composites: Materials Usage, Design, and Analysis written by Composite Materials Handbook – 17 (CMH-17) and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third volume of this six-volume compendium provides methodologies and lessons learned for the design, analysis, manufacture, and field support of fiber-reinforced, polymeric-matrix composite structures. It also provides guidance on material and process specifications and procedures for using the data that is presented in Volume 2. The information provided is consistent with the guidance provided in Volume 1, and is an extensive compilation of the current knowledge and experiences of engineers and scientists from industry, government, and academia who are active in composites. The Composite Materials Handbook, referred to by industry groups as CMH-17, is a six-volume engineering reference tool that contains over 1,000 records of the latest test data for polymer matrix, metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and structural sandwich composites. CMH-17 provides information and guidance necessary to design and fabricate end items from composite materials. It includes properties of composite materials that meet specific data requirements as well as guidelines for design, analysis, material selection, manufacturing, quality control, and repair. The primary purpose of the handbook is to standardize engineering methodologies related to testing, data reduction, and reporting of property data for current and emerging composite materials. It is used by engineers worldwide in designing and fabricating products made from composite materials.
Download or read book ECO-COMPASS written by Xiaosu Yi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, mainly man-made materials, such as carbon and glass fibers, are used to produce composite parts in aviation. Renewable materials, such as natural fibers or bio-sourced resin systems, have not yet found their way into aviation. The project ECO-COMPASS aims to evaluate the potential applications of ecologically improved composite materials in the aviation sector in an international collaboration of Chinese and European partners. Natural fibers such as flax and ramie will be used for different types of reinforcements and sandwich cores. Furthermore, bio-based epoxy resins to substitute bisphenol-A based epoxy resins in secondary structures are under investigation. Adapted material protection technologies to reduce environmental influence and to improve fire resistance are needed to fulfil the demanding safety requirements in aviation. Modelling and simulation of chosen eco-composites aims for an optimized use of materials while a Life Cycle Assessment aims to prove the ecological advantages compared to synthetic state-of-the-art materials. This Special Issue provides selected papers from the project consortium partners.
Book Synopsis Characterizations of Some Composite Materials by : Hosam El-Din M. Saleh
Download or read book Characterizations of Some Composite Materials written by Hosam El-Din M. Saleh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite materials are materials made from two or more constituents with significantly different physical or chemical properties; when combined, a new material with characteristics different from the individual components is produced, while the individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. The new composite material often displays many beneficial characteristics; in many cases, composites are stronger, of lower density, or less costly in comparison to established materials. Based on the classification of composites, we are already familiar with the fact that there exists a myriad of different types of these materials. It is a common saying that different types of composites differ in their performance. Yet, composites also have some characteristics in common. The proper material choice for an envisaged application is of outstanding importance and key in the development of a new product. Selecting the most suitable material determines the performance and characterization of the final product whether it will meet the designated function and performance requirements. The present book "Characterizations of some composite materials" contains eight selected chapters, starting with a general introductory chapter on composite materials, and covers different aspects in characterizing some composite materials. In this context, the present book is considered an appropriate way to communicate the advances in characterization of some composite materials to the scientific community. Chemists, scientists, and researchers from related areas, and undergraduates involved in materials issues and interested in approaches to improve the quality of life, as well as people from industry could find this book to be an inspiring and effective guide.
Book Synopsis Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites by : Vannessa Goodship
Download or read book Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites written by Vannessa Goodship and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-12-18 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative reference work provides a comprehensive review of the management, recycling and reuse of waste composites. These are issues which are of increasing importance due to the growing use of composites in many industries, increasingly strict legislation and concerns about disposal of composites by landfill or incineration.Part one discusses the management of waste composites and includes an introduction to composites recycling and a chapter on EU legislation for recycling waste composites. Part two reviews thermal technologies for recycling waste composites with chapters on pyrolysis, catalytic transformation, thermal treatments for energy recovery and fluidized bed pyrolysis. Part three covers mechanical methods of recycling waste composites. This section includes chapters on additives for recycled plastic composites, improving mechanical recycling and the quality and durability of mechanically recycled composites. Parts four discusses improving sustainable manufacture of composites, with chapters on environmentally-friendly filament winding of FRP composites, process monitoring and new developments in producing more functional and sustainable composites. Part five gives a review of case studies including end-of-life wind turbine blades, aerospace composites, marine composites, composites in construction and the recycling of concrete.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Management, recycling and reuse of waste composites is a standard reference for anyone involved in the disposal or recycling of waste composites. - Reviews the increasingly important issues of recycling and reuse as a result of the increased use of composites - Discusses the management of waste composites and EU legislation with regards to recycling - Examines methods for recycling, including thermal technologies and mechanical methods
Book Synopsis Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites by : Bhagwan D. Agarwal
Download or read book Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites written by Bhagwan D. Agarwal and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1990-10-08 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having fully established themselves as workable engineering materials, composite materials are now increasingly commonplace around the world. Serves as both a text and reference guide to the behavior of composite materials in different engineering applications. Revised for this Second Edition, the text includes a general discussion of composites as material, practical aspects of design and performance, and further analysis that will be helpful to those engaged in research on composites. Each chapter closes with references for further reading and a set of problems that will be useful in developing a better understanding of the subject.
Book Synopsis Polypropylene Handbook by : József Karger-Kocsis
Download or read book Polypropylene Handbook written by József Karger-Kocsis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extensively reviews Polypropylene (PP), the second most widely produced thermoplastic material, having been produced for over 60 years. Its synthesis, processing and application are still accompanied by vigorous R&D developments because the properties of PP are at the borderline between those of commodity and engineering thermoplastics. Readers are introduced to various tacticities and polymorphs of PP, and their effects on structural properties. Further, the book addresses the control of optical properties using nucleants, provides strategies for overcoming the limited cold/impact resistance of PP, examines in detail the effects of recycling, and presents guidelines for the property modification of PPs through foaming, filling and reinforcing with respect to target applications. Special attention is paid to descriptions and models of properties as a function of morphological variables. Last but not least, the book suggests potential practical applications of PP-based systems, especially in the packaging, appliances, building/construction, textile and automotive sectors. Each chapter, written by internationally respected scientists, reflects the current state-of-art in the respective field and offers a vital source of information for students, researchers and engineers interested in the morphology, properties, testing and modeling of PP and PP-based systems. The content is indispensable to the appropriate application of PPs and related composites.
Book Synopsis Non-Crimp Fabric Composites by : Stepan V Lomov
Download or read book Non-Crimp Fabric Composites written by Stepan V Lomov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-19 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites are reinforced with mats of straight (non-crimped) fibres, giving them such advantages as strength, ease of handling and low manufacturing costs. Non-crimp fabric composites provides a comprehensive review of the use of NCF composites, their manufacture and applications in engineering.Part one covers the manufacture of non-crimp fabrics, including also topics such as structural stitching and automated defect analysis. Part two goes on to discuss the manufacture of non-crimp fabric composites, with chapters covering such topics as deformability and permeability of NCF. Part three focuses on the properties of NCF composites, with chapters on stiffness and strength, damage progression and fatigue. Finally, part four covers the applications of NCF composites, including chapters on the aerospace and automotive industries as well as wind turbines and helicopter applications. The book concludes with a discussion of cost analysis of NCF composites in engineering applications.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Non-crimp fabric composites is an essential reference for composite manufacturers and structural and mechanical engineers in industries using NCF composites, as well as academics with a research interest in the field. - Provides a comprehensive review of the use of NCF composites, their manufacture and applications in engineering - Reviews the manufacture of non-crimp fabrics, including also topics such as structural stitching and automated defect analysis - Examines the properties of NCF composites considering stiffness and strength, damage progression and fatigue
