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Thermal Plasma Synthesis Of Iron Based Catalyst Nanoparticles For Production Of Carbon Nanotubes
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Book Synopsis Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Iron Based Catalyst Nanoparticles for Production of Carbon Nanotubes by : Vijay Kodimala
Download or read book Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Iron Based Catalyst Nanoparticles for Production of Carbon Nanotubes written by Vijay Kodimala and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toward Improved Manufacturing of Carbon Nanotubes by Microplasma Synthesis of Catalyst Nanoparticles by : William James Sawyer
Download or read book Toward Improved Manufacturing of Carbon Nanotubes by Microplasma Synthesis of Catalyst Nanoparticles written by William James Sawyer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can have exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. However, the scale-up of these remarkable properties to macroscopic applications requires high-throughput synthesis of CNTs with low defect concentration and atomic-level order that is maintained throughout an assembly. This has been largely unsuccessful outside of laboratory settings. Aerosol chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis, the standard method of producing CNTs at scale, involves the coupled generation of a -10 nm diameter high concentration catalyst aerosol with subsequent CNT nucleation and growth within a single high temperature reactor. Direct coupling of particle generation with the CVD process limits the generation of smaller, 1-5 nm diameter particles needed to improved CNT quality and reduce catalyst impurity levels, typically 10-30 wt%, in the final CNT product. Additionally, the dissonance between predicted and actual production rates, cost, and product quality suggests issues of process reliability and control. The goal of this thesis is to identify and demonstrate principles for improved CNT manufacturing and quality control using a custom aerosol CVD reactor with online analytics. Central to this system is a novel microplasma technique for decoupled catalyst generation, which allows for control and monitoring of the catalyst particles independent of the CNTs. This microplasma process provides tunable and stable generation of iron nanoparticle aerosols down to 1.3 nm diameter, an improvement over the 3 nm minimum of other decoupled techniques, with a 100-fold increase in concentration. Methods for independent control of diameter and concentration have been identified, and an aerosol concentration of 109 #/cm3, comparable to thermal catalyst generation, can be generated down to 2.5 nm diameter. The microplasma generator is assembled with a custom CVD reactor, enabling the generated catalyst to be provided directly to the furnace. The capability of the system has been validated with baseline CNT synthesis under proven CVD conditions, characterized via SEM and Raman spectroscopy. Together, these findings suggest that microplasma catalyst generation is a critical building block of a new high quality CNT synthesis process, and motivate continued research and development of this system.
Book Synopsis Preparation of Monodispersed Fe-Mo Nanoparticles as the Catalyst for CVD Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by :
Download or read book Preparation of Monodispersed Fe-Mo Nanoparticles as the Catalyst for CVD Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uniform iron-molybdenum nanoparticles were prepared by thermal decomposition of metal carbonyl complexes using a mixture of long-chain carboxylic acid and long-chain amine as protective agents. The sizes of the nanoparticles can be systematically varied from 3 to 14 nm by changing the experimental conditions. High-resolution TEM images and EDX data show that the prepared nanoparticles are highly crystalline iron nanoparticles containing 4% molybdenum. The effects of the concentration, reaction time, the ratio of metal carbonyl complexes versus protective agents, and the ratio of acid/amine of the protective agents on the sizes of the produced nanoparticles were systematically studied. The prepared nanoparticles were used as catalysts for single-walled carbon nanotube growth and the results indicate that there is an upper limit for the size of the catalyst particles to nucleate singlewalled carbon nanotubes.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes by : Ajay Kumar Mishra
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Ajay Kumar Mishra and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes possess unusual fascinating properties which have attracted the scientific world. This book covers a very wide domain of research and development where the synthesis and properties of carbon nanotubes are discussed. This book describes the carbon nanotube general introduction, various synthesis procedures and properties. This book is going to be beneficial to the researchers who are working for their postgraduate degree in nanomaterials and nanotechnology. This book also provides a platform for all the academics and researchers as it covers a vast background for the recent literature, abbreviations, and summaries. This book will be worth reading for the researchers who are more interested in the general overview of carbon nanotubes, fundamentals concepts and various synthetic procedures in the multidisciplinary areas. This book contains the fundamental knowledge with the recent advancements for the research and development in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology.
Book Synopsis Production of Fine Carbon Nanoparticles and Hydrogen-rich Gas from Laser-thermal Cracking of Methane Using Regenerable Iron Based Catalyst by : Shenghong Qiu
Download or read book Production of Fine Carbon Nanoparticles and Hydrogen-rich Gas from Laser-thermal Cracking of Methane Using Regenerable Iron Based Catalyst written by Shenghong Qiu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes, having remarkable material properties, hold tremendous potential applications. Among the synthesis methods, cracking of natural gas (methane) is one of the effective ways, which also produces hydrogen without any CO2 emission. The reaction energy in conventional methods is usually supplied by burning some feedstock, which results in low thermal efficiency. A new approach, direct laser irradiation, will give an environmentally clean and efficient process to produce carbon nanoparticles. Some exploratory studies on catalytic laser-thermal cracking of methane were carried out at UTSI. Regenerable iron-based (Fe/Al2O3) catalyst made by soaking-drying technique was employed for the cracking reaction of methane. TGA and electric furnace set-up were also used to evaluate the catalyst. A TEA CO2-laser was employed as a heat source in the laser-based experiments, where different reactor modes, like fluidized- bed, basket and fixed bed reactor, were tried. The experiments on catalyst regeneration were also carried out. Three cycles of cracking/regenerations were tried. The black carbon in final catalyst residues was examined by optical microscope, SEM and X-ray diffraction analyses. It was shown that the laser-based cracking approach could eventually be utilized for the production of carbon nanoparticles and hydrogen-rich gas. However, more additional experiments are needed to find optimal conditions and reactor configurations for cracking reaction and production of carbon nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Engineered Carbon-based Nanoparticles by Arc-discharge Plasma by :
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Engineered Carbon-based Nanoparticles by Arc-discharge Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of nanotechnology is attributed to Nobel prize winner Richard Feynman who gave a very famous, visionary in 1959 (published in 1960) during one of his lectures, saying: "the principles of physic, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom". At the time, Feynman's words were received as pure science fiction". Today, we have instruments that allow precisely what Feynman had predicted: creating structures by moving atoms individually. In principle, the ultimate results of this research study leads to the synthesis of magnetic and porous carbon based nanoparticles as the material and tool for biomedical applications. Currently, we are in a battle with a dangerous and destructive diseases such as cancers, and nanotechnology is then presented as a tool that can help us win control. This work is to support medical and other applications of nanotechnology specifically aimed to prepare carbon based nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles are being of great interest because of their unique properties especially in drug delivery, hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging and cell separation. In many clinical situations, medication doses are oversized as a result of impaired drug absorption or tissue unspecific delivery. The ultimate goal of magnetically controlled drug delivery and drug therapy is to selectively delivering drug molecules to the diseased site without a concurrent increase in its level in healthy tissues. Consequently, in this research study the objective is to develop an approach to control the synthesis of carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles in the form of core@shell nanostructure. Accordingly, understanding and revealing the growth mechanism of carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles is necessary by doing characterization. Furthermore, engineering of suitable carbon based nanoparticles for biomedical applications has been also considered. Common challenges for synthesis of carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles are improving uniformity, enhancing coating protection and controlling particles compositions, shape and core/shell sizes. In addition, due to the lack of comprehensive understanding of the optimal parameters and formation mechanism most of the current fabrication process are empirical, which means a large number of experimental trials are required to optimize any given process. Since the last two decades, arc discharge technique leads to the discovery of two important carbon based materials, nanotubes and fullerenes. However, the formation of nanomaterials by thermal plasma still remains poorly understood and need further investigation. The focus in this study is on synthesis of carbon based nanoparticles by arc discharge method, particularly carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles in the form of Core@Shell nanostructure. An arc discharge reactor that was patented by FEMAN group was used with slight modification. The growth processes were elucidated through many experiments and characterizations. Precise control over carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles were addressed. In addition, a new carbon encapsulated multi iron nanoparticles is introduced. The results have been lead to new elements for understanding the growth mechanism of iron core and carbon shell nanostructure. In order to improve the synthesis process, a new modified arc discharge reactor was developed and implemented. Two new materials are prepared through a new facile synthetic method; carbon nanoparticles decorated by fullerenes and spherical porous carbon microparticles. Last but not least, in this research medical application requirements have been taken into account to prepare suitable nanoparticle.
Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Book Synopsis Nanotechnology in Catalysis Volumes 1 and 2 by : Bing Zhou
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Catalysis Volumes 1 and 2 written by Bing Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-12-31 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is mainly based on the first and second symposia on Nanotechnology in Catalysis held in 2001 and 2002, but it also includes several contributions not presented in the symposia to round out the scope of the subject. The contents are the most up to date developments made by researchers all over the world in the catalysis field in this fascinating nanotechnology era. It reflects some of the frontier areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology in fabricating and characterizing catalysts and carrying out studies to prove their superior selectivity and activity. The field of application of nanotechnology for the development of catalysts for green chemistry is likely to grow rapidly during the next decade. This book hopes to contribute to the evolution of nanotechnology in that direction.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-Food and Environmental Applications by : Kamel Ahmed Abd-Elsalam
Download or read book Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-Food and Environmental Applications written by Kamel Ahmed Abd-Elsalam and published by Micro & Nano Technologies. This book was released on 2019-11 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-food and Environmental Applications discusses the characterization, processing and applications of carbon-based nanostructured materials in the agricultural and environmental sectors. Sections discuss the synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes, the technological developments in environmental applications of carbon-based nanomaterials, and agri-food applications. The book also covers the toxic effects of engineered carbon nanoparticles on the environment, and in plants and animals. Finally, quality control and risk management are addressed to assess health and environmental risks. This is an applicable book for graduate students, researchers and those in industrial sectors of science and technology who want to learn more about carbon nanomaterials. Compares a range of carbon-based nanomaterials, showing how they are used for a range of agricultural and environmental applications Discusses the challenges and toxicity of different types of carbon-based nanomaterials for environmental and agricultural applications Explores when different classes of nanomaterial should be used in different environments
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Microwave Plasma Enhanced CVD on Silicon Using Iron as Catalyst by :
Download or read book Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Microwave Plasma Enhanced CVD on Silicon Using Iron as Catalyst written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Thermal Plasmas by : Maher I. Boulos
Download or read book Handbook of Thermal Plasmas written by Maher I. Boulos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 1973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative reference presents a comprehensive review of the evolution of plasma science and technology fundamentals over the past five decades. One of this field’s principal challenges has been its multidisciplinary nature requiring coverage of fundamental plasma physics in plasma generation, transport phenomena under high-temperature conditions, involving momentum, heat and mass transfer, and high-temperature reaction kinetics, as well as fundamentals of material science under extreme conditions. The book is structured in five distinct parts, which are presented in a reader-friendly format allowing for detailed coverage of the science base and engineering aspects of the technology including plasma generation, mathematical modeling, diagnostics, and industrial applications of thermal plasma technology. This book is an essential resource for practicing engineers, research scientists, and graduate students working in the field.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes by : Thomas W. Ebbesen
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Thomas W. Ebbesen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-10-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials are destined to become a discipline as distinct and important as polymers are in chemistry! With the realization that the structure of molecules such as C60 and C70 followed simple geometric principles, it became clear that a great variety of hollow, closed carbon structures, including nanotubes, could be made along the same principles. The modern nanotube can be thought of as the ultimate fiber formed of perfectly closed, seamless shells having unique features, such as mechanical and electronic properties that are very sensitive to its geometry and its dimensions. The nanotube has many uses:
Book Synopsis Applied Physics of Carbon Nanotubes by : Slava V. Rotkin
Download or read book Applied Physics of Carbon Nanotubes written by Slava V. Rotkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-14 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the state-of-the-art in fundamental, applied and device physics of nanotubes, including fabrication, manipulation and characterization for device applications; optics of nanotubes; transport and electromechanical devices and fundamentals of theory for applications. This information is critical to the field of nanoscience since nanotubes have the potential to become a very significant electronic material for decades to come. The book will benefit all all readers interested in the application of nanotubes, either in their theoretical foundations or in newly developed characterization tools that may enable practical device fabrication.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Catalyst Properties on the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition by : Surya Venkata Sekhar Cheemalapati
Download or read book The Effect of Catalyst Properties on the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Surya Venkata Sekhar Cheemalapati and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the effect of catalyst properties on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is done in this thesis. Three different metal alloy catalysts, Fe/Ti, Ni/Ti, Co/Ti, have been studied. Various atomic concentrations and thicknesses were cosputter deposited on clean Si wafers using AJA Orion 4 RF Magnetron sputter deposition tool at 5mtorr and 17°C, and the films were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. All the alloys have been annealed at 650°C and 3 torr in an argon atmosphere at 100 SCCM, followed by ammonia gas plasma etch at different powers at 3 torr and 50 SCCM NH3 flow in a modified parallel plate RF chemical vapor deposition tool for 1 minute. The influence of plasma power, thickness of catalyst and concentration of Ti the secondary metal in the alloy composition, on the surface morphology of the catalyst are investigated by characterizing them with atomic force microscopy. The study has shown that the surface roughness is affected by Ti concentration, thickness and plasma power. The 35 W power NH3 plasma produced rougher surfaces when compared to the 75 W NH3 plasma. The result is interpreted as follows: ion bombardment leads to greater etching of the catalyst surface. Thus, plasma power must be optimized for catalyst thin film and etch time. The study has provided an in depth analysis and understanding of the various factors that influence catalyst surface morphology which can be applied into further study for optimizing parameters for synthesis of single walled CNTs. Following this, a study on catalysts for CNT synthesis was performed using Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscope. CNTs were synthesized on Ni, Ni-Ti, Co, Co-Ti and Fe catalyst. Ni, Ni-Ti catalyst produced forest like vertically aligned CNTs whereas Co, Co-Ti produced vertically aligned free standing CNTs. The growth was dense and uniform across the substrate. Initial growth runs on Fe, Fe-Ti alloy did not produce any CNTs until catalyst was restructured with a thicker Ti under layer after an investigation using Secondary ion mass spectrometry of suspected Fe catalyst poisoning due to reaction with Si substrate. A room temperature run was carried out on annealed and plasma etched Ni catalyst and no CNTs were produced indicating the importance of substrate temperature of CNTs. A deeper understanding of factors of influence on CNTs such as catalyst types, structure/morphology, and substrate temperature has been achieved with this study.
Book Synopsis Catalyst Supports and Supported Catalysts by : Alvin B. Stiles
Download or read book Catalyst Supports and Supported Catalysts written by Alvin B. Stiles and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1987 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes by : Michael J. O’Connell
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Michael J. O’Connell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their discovery more than a decade ago, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have held scientists and engineers in captive fascination, seated on the verge of enormous breakthroughs in areas such as medicine, electronics, and materials science, to name but a few. Taking a broad look at CNTs and the tools used to study them, Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications comprises the efforts of leading nanotube researchers led by Michael O’Connell, protégé of the late father of nanotechnology, Richard Smalley. Each chapter is a self-contained treatise on various aspects of CNT synthesis, characterization, modification, and applications. The book opens with a general introduction to the basic characteristics and the history of CNTs, followed by discussions on synthesis methods and the growth of “peapod” structures. Coverage then moves to electronic properties and band structures of single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs), magnetic properties, Raman spectroscopy of electronic and chemical behavior, and electromechanical properties and applications in NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems). Turning to applications, the final sections of the book explore mechanical properties of SWNTs spun into fibers, sidewall functionalization in composites, and using SWNTs as tips for scanning probe microscopes. Taking a fresh look at this burgeoning field, Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications points the way toward making CNTs commercially viable.
Book Synopsis The Synthesis and Functionalization of Nanostructured Carbon Black by Thermal Plasma by : Ramona Pristavita
Download or read book The Synthesis and Functionalization of Nanostructured Carbon Black by Thermal Plasma written by Ramona Pristavita and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
