The Triumph Of Improvisation

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The Triumph of Improvisation

Author : James Wilson
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801470218
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Triumph of Improvisation by : James Wilson

Download or read book The Triumph of Improvisation written by James Wilson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-15 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Triumph of Improvisation, James Graham Wilson takes a long view of the end of the Cold War, from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 to Operation Desert Storm in January 1991. Drawing on deep archival research and recently declassified papers, Wilson argues that adaptation, improvisation, and engagement by individuals in positions of power ended the specter of a nuclear holocaust. Amid ambivalence and uncertainty, Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan, George Shultz, and George H. W. Bush—and a host of other actors—engaged with adversaries and adapted to a rapidly changing international environment and information age in which global capitalism recovered as command economies failed. Eschewing the notion of a coherent grand strategy to end the Cold War, Wilson paints a vivid portrait of how leaders made choices; some made poor choices while others reacted prudently, imaginatively, and courageously to events they did not foresee. A book about the burdens of responsibility, the obstacles of domestic politics, and the human qualities of leadership, The Triumph of Improvisation concludes with a chapter describing how George H. W. Bush oversaw the construction of a new configuration of power after the fall of the Berlin Wall, one that resolved the fundamental components of the Cold War on Washington’s terms.

The Triumph of Improvisation

Author : James Wilson
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801470226
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Triumph of Improvisation by : James Wilson

Download or read book The Triumph of Improvisation written by James Wilson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Triumph of Improvisation, James Graham Wilson takes a long view of the end of the Cold War, from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 to Operation Desert Storm in January 1991. Drawing on deep archival research and recently declassified papers, Wilson argues that adaptation, improvisation, and engagement by individuals in positions of power ended the specter of a nuclear holocaust. Amid ambivalence and uncertainty, Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan, George Shultz, George H. W. Bush, and a host of other actors engaged with adversaries and adapted to a rapidly changing international environment and information age in which global capitalism recovered as command economies failed. Eschewing the notion of a coherent grand strategy to end the Cold War, Wilson paints a vivid portrait of how leaders made choices; some made poor choices while others reacted prudently, imaginatively, and courageously to events they did not foresee. A book about the burdens of responsibility, the obstacles of domestic politics, and the human qualities of leadership, The Triumph of Improvisation concludes with a chapter describing how George H. W. Bush oversaw the construction of a new configuration of power after the fall of the Berlin Wall, one that resolved the fundamental components of the Cold War on Washington's terms.

America in the World

Author : Robert B. Zoellick
Publisher : Twelve
ISBN 13 : 1538712369
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (387 download)

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Book Synopsis America in the World by : Robert B. Zoellick

Download or read book America in the World written by Robert B. Zoellick and published by Twelve. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America has a long history of diplomacy–ranging from Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson to Henry Kissinger, Ronald Reagan, and James Baker–now is your chance to see the impact these Americans have had on the world. Recounting the actors and events of U.S. foreign policy, Zoellick identifies five traditions that have emerged from America's encounters with the world: the importance of North America; the special roles trading, transnational, and technological relations play in defining ties with others; changing attitudes toward alliances and ways of ordering connections among states; the need for public support, especially through Congress; and the belief that American policy should serve a larger purpose. These traditions frame a closing review of post-Cold War presidencies, which Zoellick foresees serving as guideposts for the future. Both a sweeping work of history and an insightful guide to U.S. diplomacy past and present, America in the World serves as an informative companion and practical adviser to readers seeking to understand the strategic and immediate challenges of U.S. foreign policy during an era of transformation.

Unraveling the Gray Area Problem

Author : Luke Griffith
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501773089
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Unraveling the Gray Area Problem by : Luke Griffith

Download or read book Unraveling the Gray Area Problem written by Luke Griffith and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2023-12-15 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Unraveling the Gray Area Problem, Luke Griffith examines the US role in why the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty took almost a decade to negotiate and then failed in just thirty years. The INF Treaty enhanced Western security by prohibiting US and Russian ground-based missiles with maximum ranges of 500 to 5,500 kilometers. Significantly, it eliminated hundreds of Soviet SS-20 missiles, which could annihilate targets throughout Eurasia in minutes. Through close scrutiny of US theater nuclear policy from 1977 to 1987, Griffith describes the Carter administration's masterminding of the dual-track decision of December 1979, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) initiative that led to the INF Treaty. The Reagan administration, in turn, overcame bureaucratic infighting, Soviet intransigence, and political obstacles at home and abroad to achieve a satisfactory outcome in the INF negotiations. Disagreements between the US and Russia undermined the INF Treaty and led to its dissolution in 2019. Meanwhile, the US is developing a new generation of ground-based, INF-type missiles that will have an operational value on the battlefield. Griffith urges policymakers to consider the utility of INF-type missiles in new arms control negotiations. Understanding the scope and consistency of US arms control policy across the Carter and Reagan administrations offers important lessons for policymakers in the twenty-first century.

Intentions in Great Power Politics

Author : Sebastian Rosato
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300258682
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Intentions in Great Power Politics by : Sebastian Rosato

Download or read book Intentions in Great Power Politics written by Sebastian Rosato and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why the future of great power politics is likely to resemble its dismal past Can great powers be confident that their peers have benign intentions? States that trust each other can live at peace; those that mistrust each other are doomed to compete for arms and allies and may even go to war. Sebastian Rosato explains that states routinely lack the kind of information they need to be convinced that their rivals mean them no harm. Even in cases that supposedly involved mutual trust—Germany and Russia in the Bismarck era; Britain and the United States during the great rapprochement; France and Germany, and Japan and the United States in the early interwar period; and the Soviet Union and United States at the end of the Cold War—the protagonists mistrusted each other and struggled for advantage. Rosato argues that the ramifications of his argument for U.S.–China relations are profound: the future of great power politics is likely to resemble its dismal past.

Orders of Exclusion

Author : Kyle M. Lascurettes
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190068574
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Orders of Exclusion by : Kyle M. Lascurettes

Download or read book Orders of Exclusion written by Kyle M. Lascurettes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When and why do powerful countries seek to enact major changes to international order, the broad set of rules that guide behavior in world politics? This question is particularly important today given the Trump administration's clear disregard for the reigning liberal international order in the United States. Across the globe, there is also uncertainty over what China might seek to replace that order with as it continues to amass power and influence. Together, these developments mean that what motivates great powers to shape and change order will remain at the forefront of debates over the future of world politics. Prior studies have focused on how the origins of international orders have been consensus-driven and inclusive. By contrast, Kyle M. Lascurettes argues in Orders of Exclusion that the propelling motivation for great power order building has typically been exclusionary. Dominant powers pursue fundamental changes to order when they perceive a major new threat on the horizon. Moreover, they do so for the purpose of targeting this perceived threat, be it another powerful state or a foreboding ideological movement. The goal of foundational rule writing in international relations, then, is blocking that threatening entity from amassing further influence, a motive Lascurettes illustrates at work across more than three hundred years of history. Far from falling outside of the bounds of traditional statecraft, order building is the continuation of power politics by other means.

American Pendulum

Author : Christopher Hemmer
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501701185
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis American Pendulum by : Christopher Hemmer

Download or read book American Pendulum written by Christopher Hemmer and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-16 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As new presidential administrations come into power, they each bring their own approach to foreign policy. No grand strategy, however, is going to be completely novel. New administrations never start with a blank slate, so it is always possible to see similarities between an administration and its predecessors. Conversely, since each administration faces novel problems and operates in a unique context, no foreign policy strategy is going to be an exact replica of its predecessors. In American Pendulum, Christopher Hemmer examines America's grand strategic choices between 1914 and 2014 using four recurring debates in American foreign policy as lenses. First, how should the United States balance the trade-offs between working alone versus working with other states and international organizations? Second, what is the proper place of American values in foreign policy? Third, where does the strategic perimeter of the United States lie? And fourth, is time on the side of the United States or of its enemies?Offering new readings of debates within the Wilson, Truman, Nixon, Bush, and Obama administrations, Hemmer asserts that heated debates, disagreements, and even confusions over U.S. grand strategy are not only normal but also beneficial. He challenges the claim that uncertainties or inconsistences about the nation's role in the world or approach to security issues betray strategic confusion or the absence of a grand strategy. American foreign policy, he states, is most in danger not when debates are at their most pointed but when the weight of opinion crushes dissent. As the United States looks ahead to an increasingly multipolar world with increasing complicated security issues, Hemmer concludes, developing an effective grand strategy requires ongoing contestation and compromises between competing visions and policies.

Transcending the Cold War

Author : Kristina Spohr
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191040959
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcending the Cold War by : Kristina Spohr

Download or read book Transcending the Cold War written by Kristina Spohr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-25 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1989 and 1990 the map of Europe was redrawn without a war, unlike other great ruptures of the international order such as 1815, 1870, 1918, and 1945. How did this happen? This major multinational study, based on archives from both sides of the 'Iron Curtain', highlights the contribution of international statecraft to the peaceful dissolution of Europe's bipolar order by examining pivotal summit meetings from 1970 to 1990. These are organized into three periods: 'Thawing', 'Living with', and 'Transcending' the Cold War. The volume offers fascinating insights into key statesmen such as Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan, Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev, Willy Brandt and Helmut Kohl, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping. It explores the central issues of the superpowers and arms control, their triangular relationship with China, and the seemingly intractable German question. Particular attention is devoted to the cultural dimensions of summitry, as performative acts for the media and as encounters with 'the Other' across ideological divides. All these threads are drawn together in a sweeping analytical conclusion. Written in lively prose, Transcending the Cold War is essential reading for anyone interested not just in modern history but also current international affairs.

The Diplomacy of Détente

Author : Stephan Kieninger
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351013297
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis The Diplomacy of Détente by : Stephan Kieninger

Download or read book The Diplomacy of Détente written by Stephan Kieninger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-20 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the underlying reasons for the longevity of détente and its impact on East–West relations. The volume examines the relevance of trade across the Iron Curtain as a means to facilitate mutual trust, as well as the emergence of new habits of transparency regardless of recurring military crises. A major theme of the book concerns Helmut Schmidt’s foreign policy and his contribution to the resilience of cooperative security policies in East–West relations. It examines Schmidt’s crucial role in the Euromissile crisis, his Ostpolitik diplomacy and his pan-European trade initiatives to engage the Soviet Union in a joint perspective of trade, industry and technology. Another key theme concerns the crisis in US–Soviet relations and the challenges of meaningful leadership communication between Washington and Moscow in the absence of backchannel diplomacy during the Carter years. The book depicts the freeze in US–Soviet relations after the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan, the declaration of martial law in Poland, and Helmut Schmidt’s efforts to serve as a mediator and interpreter working for a relaunch of US–Soviet dialogue. Eventually, the book highlights George Shultz’s pivotal role in the Reagan Administration’s efforts to improve US-Soviet relations, well before Mikhail Gorbachev’s arrival. This book will be of interest to students of Cold War studies, diplomatic history, foreign policy and international relations.

Disruption

Author : Michael De Groot
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501774123
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Disruption by : Michael De Groot

Download or read book Disruption written by Michael De Groot and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Disruption, Michael De Groot argues that the global economic upheaval of the 1970s was decisive in ending the Cold War. Both the West and the Soviet bloc struggled with the slowdown of economic growth; chaos in the international monetary system; inflation; shocks in the commodities markets; and the emergence of offshore financial markets. The superpowers had previously disseminated resources to their allies to enhance their own national security, but the disappearance of postwar conditions during the 1970s forced Washington and Moscow to choose between promoting their own economic interests and supporting their partners in Europe and Asia. De Groot shows that new unexpected macroeconomic imbalances in global capitalism sustained the West during the following decade. Rather than a creditor nation and net exporter, as it had been during the postwar period, the United States became a net importer of capital and goods during the 1980s that helped fund public spending, stimulated economic activity, and lubricated the private sector. The United States could now live beyond its means and continue waging the Cold War, and its allies benefited from access to the booming US market and the strengthened US military umbrella. As Disruption demonstrates, a new symbiotic economic architecture powered the West, but the Eastern European regimes increasingly became a burden to the Soviet Union. They were drowning in debt, and the Kremlin no longer had the resources to rescue them.

The Last Superpower Summits

Author : Svetlana Savranskaya
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 9633861713
Total Pages : 1080 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis The Last Superpower Summits by : Svetlana Savranskaya

Download or read book The Last Superpower Summits written by Svetlana Savranskaya and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book publishes for the first time in print every word the American and Soviet leaders – Ronald Reagan, Mikhail Gorbachev, and George H.W. Bush – said to each other in their superpower summits from 1985 to 1991. Obtained by the authors through the Freedom of Information Act in the U.S., from the Gorbachev Foundation and the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow, and from the personal donation of Anatoly Chernyaev, these previously Top Secret verbatim transcripts combine with key declassified preparatory and after-action documents from both sides to create a unique interactive documentary record of these historic highest-level talks – the conversations that ended the Cold War. The summits fueled a process of learning on both sides, as the authors argue in contextual essays on each summit and detailed headnotes on each document. Geneva 1985 and Reykjavik 1986 reduced Moscow's sense of threat and unleashed Reagan's inner abolitionist. Malta 1989 and Washington 1990 helped dampen any superpower sparks that might have flown in a time of revolutionary change in Eastern Europe, set off by Gorbachev and by Eastern Europeans (Solidarity, dissidents, reform Communists). The high level and scope of the dialogue between these world leaders was unprecedented, and is likely never to be repeated.

The Reagan Moment

Author : Jonathan R. Hunt
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501760718
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reagan Moment by : Jonathan R. Hunt

Download or read book The Reagan Moment written by Jonathan R. Hunt and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Reagan Moment, the ideas, events, strategies, trends, and movements that shaped the 1980s are revealed to have had lasting effects on international relations: The United States went from a creditor to a debtor nation; democracy crested in East Asia and returned to Latin America; the People's Republic of China moved to privatize, decentralize, and open its economy; Osama bin Laden founded Al Qaeda; and relations between Washington and Moscow thawed en route to the Soviet Union's dissolution. The Reagan Moment places US foreign relations into global context by examining the economic, international, and ideational relationships that bound Washington to the wider world. Editors Jonathan R. Hunt and Simon Miles bring together a cohort of scholars with fresh insights from untapped and declassified global sources to recast Reagan's pivotal years in power. Contributors: Seth Anziska, James Cameron, Elizabeth Charles, Susan Colbourn, Michael De Groot, Stephanie Freeman, Christopher Fuller, Flavia Gasbarri, Mathias Haeussler, William Inboden, Mark Atwood Lawrence, Elisabeth Mariko Leake, Melvyn P. Leffler, Evan D. McCormick, Jennifer Miller, David Painter, Robert Rakove, William Michael Schmidli, Sarah Snyder, Lauren Frances Turek, James Wilson

Music and the Elusive Revolution

Author : Eric Drott
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520268962
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Music and the Elusive Revolution by : Eric Drott

Download or read book Music and the Elusive Revolution written by Eric Drott and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-06-02 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In May 1968, France teetered on the brink of revolution as a series of student protests spiraled into the largest general strike the country has ever known. Drott examines the social, political, and cultural effects of May '68 on a variety of music in France.

NATO in the Cold War and After

Author : Sergey Radchenko
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000529312
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis NATO in the Cold War and After by : Sergey Radchenko

Download or read book NATO in the Cold War and After written by Sergey Radchenko and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-19 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines episodes in NATO’s history from the founding of the North Atlantic Alliance in 1949 to its transition to the post-Cold War order in the 1990s, with an eye to better understanding its present and its future. NATO’s history, now running over seventy years, can no longer be framed in Cold War terms alone. Nor can the organization be understood fully as a post-Cold War institution. Today’s NATO is a product of both these eras. This edited volume offers a reconsideration of NATO’s place in history, looking both at how the alliance coped with the Cold War and how it managed its difficult transition to the post-Cold War international order. Contributors recount how NATO coped with its many political and operational challenges, which on occasion threatened – but never managed to – derail the alliance. The book opens new vistas for explaining how NATO thrived and survived for decades and ponders whether it will survive for many more. The book will be of great value to scholars, students and policymakers interested in Politics, International Studies, Global Affairs and Public Policy. The chapters were originally published as a special issue of Journal of Strategic Studies.

The End of the Cold War: 1985-1991

Author : Robert Service
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 161039500X
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The End of the Cold War: 1985-1991 by : Robert Service

Download or read book The End of the Cold War: 1985-1991 written by Robert Service and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 26 December, 1991, the hammer-and-sickle flag was lowered over the Kremlin for the last time. Yet, just six years earlier, when Mikhail Gorbachev became general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and chose Eduard Shevardnadze as his foreign minister, the Cold War seemed like a permanent fixture in world politics. Until its denouement, no Western or Soviet politician foresaw that the standoff between the two superpowers -- after decades of struggle over every aspect of security, politics, economics, and ideas -- would end within the lifetime of the current generation. Nor was it at all obvious that that the Soviet political leadership would undertake a huge internal reform of the USSR, or that the threat of a nuclear Armageddon could or would be peacefully wound down. Drawing on pioneering archival research, Robert Service's gripping investigation of the final years of the Cold War pinpoints the extraordinary relationships between Ronald Reagan, Gorbachev, George Shultz, and Shevardnadze, who found ways to cooperate during times of exceptional change around the world. A story of American pressure and Soviet long-term decline and overstretch, The End of the Cold War: 1985-1991 shows how a small but skillful group of statesmen grew determined to end the Cold War on their watch and transformed the global political landscape irreversibly.

Gorbachev and Reagan

Author :
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 9633863473
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

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Download or read book Gorbachev and Reagan written by and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-25 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the culmination of twenty years of research in which the editors gathered thousands of pages documenting the most important conversations of the late Cold War. Every word Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev said to each other in their five superpower summits from 1985 to 1988 is included in this volume. The editors argue in their contextual essays and detailed notes that these summits fueled a learning process on both sides of the Cold War. Their anthology provides insight into the nuanced shifts of monumentally important discussions, showing how Moscow’s sense of threat was eased and how a hawkish Reagan softened his tone in negotiations during his second presidential term. Documents from foreign ministers Eduard Shevardnadze and George Shultz offer a particularly intriguing look into the handful of conversations that ended almost half a century of conflict. These verbatim transcripts, until now top secret, are combined with fascinating photos and crucial information from declassified preparatory and after-action documents from both the Americans and Soviets, obtained in the US through the Freedom of Information Act and in Russia from the Gorbachev Foundation, the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow, and from the personal files of Anatoly Chernyaev, Gorbachev’s foreign policy adviser.

Arms Races in International Politics

Author : Thomas Mahnken
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191054208
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Arms Races in International Politics by : Thomas Mahnken

Download or read book Arms Races in International Politics written by Thomas Mahnken and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-14 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides the first comprehensive history of the arms racing phenomenon in modern international politics, drawing both on theoretical approaches and on the latest historical research. Written by an international team of specialists, it is divided into four sections: before 1914; the inter-war years; the Cold War; and extra-European and post-Cold War arms races. Twelve case studies examine land and naval armaments before the First World War; air, land, and naval competition during the 1920s and 1930s; and nuclear as well as conventional weapons since 1945. Armaments policies are placed within the context of technological development, international politics and diplomacy, and social politics and economics. An extended general introduction and conclusion and introductions to each section provide coherence between the specialized chapters and draw out wider implications for policymakers and for political scientists. Arms Races in International Politics addresses two key questions: what causes arms races, and what is the connection between arms races and the outbreak of wars?