The Three Axial Ages

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The Three Axial Ages

Author : John Torpey
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813590523
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis The Three Axial Ages by : John Torpey

Download or read book The Three Axial Ages written by John Torpey and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should we think about the “shape” of human history since the birth of cities, and where are we headed? Sociologist and historian John Torpey proposes that the “Axial Age” of the first millennium BCE, when some of the world’s major religious and intellectual developments first emerged, was only one of three such decisive periods that can be used to directly affect present social problems, from economic inequality to ecological destruction. Torpey’s argument advances the idea that there are in fact three “Axial Ages,” instead of one original Axial Age and several subsequent, smaller developments. Each of the three ages contributed decisively to how humanity lives, and the difficulties it faces. The earliest, or original, Axial Age was a moral one; the second was material, and revolved around the creation and use of physical objects; and the third is chiefly mental, and focused on the technological. While there are profound risks and challenges, Torpey shows how a worldview that combines the strengths of all three ages has the potential to usher in a period of exceptional human freedom and possibility.

The Three Axial Ages

Author : John Torpey
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 081359054X
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis The Three Axial Ages by : John Torpey

Download or read book The Three Axial Ages written by John Torpey and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2017-03 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should we think about the “shape” of human history since the birth of cities, and where are we headed? Sociologist and historian John Torpey proposes that the “Axial Age” of the first millennium BCE, when some of the world’s major religious and intellectual developments first emerged, was only one of three such decisive periods that can be used to directly affect present social problems, from economic inequality to ecological destruction. Torpey’s argument advances the idea that there are in fact three “Axial Ages,” instead of one original Axial Age and several subsequent, smaller developments. Each of the three ages contributed decisively to how humanity lives, and the difficulties it faces. The earliest, or original, Axial Age was a moral one; the second was material, and revolved around the creation and use of physical objects; and the third is chiefly mental, and focused on the technological. While there are profound risks and challenges, Torpey shows how a worldview that combines the strengths of all three ages has the potential to usher in a period of exceptional human freedom and possibility.

The Axial Age and Its Consequences

Author : Robert N. Bellah
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674067401
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Axial Age and Its Consequences by : Robert N. Bellah

Download or read book The Axial Age and Its Consequences written by Robert N. Bellah and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-31 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes the bold claim that intellectual sophistication was born worldwide during the middle centuries of the first millennium bce. From Axial Age thinkers we inherited a sense of the world as a place not just to experience but to investigate, envision, and alter. A variety of utopian visions emerged and led to both reform and repression.

Religion in Human Evolution

Author : Robert N. Bellah
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674252934
Total Pages : 777 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Religion in Human Evolution by : Robert N. Bellah

Download or read book Religion in Human Evolution written by Robert N. Bellah and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice An ABC Australia Best Book on Religion and Ethics of the Year Distinguished Book Award, Sociology of Religion Section of the American Sociological Association Religion in Human Evolution is a work of extraordinary ambition—a wide-ranging, nuanced probing of our biological past to discover the kinds of lives that human beings have most often imagined were worth living. It offers what is frequently seen as a forbidden theory of the origin of religion that goes deep into evolution, especially but not exclusively cultural evolution. “Of Bellah’s brilliance there can be no doubt. The sheer amount this man knows about religion is otherworldly...Bellah stands in the tradition of such stalwarts of the sociological imagination as Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. Only one word is appropriate to characterize this book’s subject as well as its substance, and that is ‘magisterial.’” —Alan Wolfe, New York Times Book Review “Religion in Human Evolution is a magnum opus founded on careful research and immersed in the ‘reflective judgment’ of one of our best thinkers and writers.” —Richard L. Wood, Commonweal

The Origins and Diversity of Axial Age Civilizations

Author : Shmuel N. Eisenstadt
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438401949
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origins and Diversity of Axial Age Civilizations by : Shmuel N. Eisenstadt

Download or read book The Origins and Diversity of Axial Age Civilizations written by Shmuel N. Eisenstadt and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new and original analysis of the great ancient civilizations, focusing on the breakthroughs and their institutionalization in Greece, Israel, China, and India. The conditions under which these civilizations developed are systematically explored. For comparative purposes, the civilization of Assyria, where such a breakthrough did not take place is analyzed. Attention is given to the transformation of modes of thought and symbolism. Special focus is brought to the development of the great religions and the perception of tension between the transcendental and mundane orders and between rulers and other elites.

Seshat History of the Axial Age

Author : Jenny Reddish
Publisher : Seshat Histories
ISBN 13 : 9780996139564
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Seshat History of the Axial Age by : Jenny Reddish

Download or read book Seshat History of the Axial Age written by Jenny Reddish and published by Seshat Histories. This book was released on 2019-12-08 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying insights from a massive historical research project-Seshat: Global History Databank-this edited volume reveals that there was no single "Axial Age" in human history. Instead, it points to cross-cultural parallels in the co-evolution of egalitarian ideals and constraints on political authority with sociopolitical complexity. The first book-length publication to make use of Seshat's systematic approach to collecting information about the human past, Seshat History of the Axial Age expands the Axial Age debate beyond first-millennium BCE Eurasia. Fourteen chapters survey earlier and later periods as well as developments in regions previously neglected in Axial Age discussions. The conclusion? There was no identifiable Axial Age confined to a few Eurasian hotspots in the last millennium BCE. However, "axiality" as a cluster of traits emerged time and again whenever societies reached a certain threshold of scale and level of complexity. Co-editors Daniel Hoyer and Jenny Reddish paired some of the world's leading historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists with members of the Seshat team. Hoyer, Project Manager with Seshat, is a historian and social scientist specializing in cross-cultural historical analysis. Reddish, Seshat's Lead Editor, is an anthropologist working on the material correlates of cultural systems from societies around the world. She is based at the Complexity Science Hub, Vienna. Seshat: Global History Databank was founded in 2011 to bring together the most current and comprehensive knowledge about human history in one place, collecting what is known about the social and political organization of human societies to track how civilizations have evolved over time. Seshat History of the Axial Age is the first entry in the Seshat Histories series.

Cultural Contact and Appropriation in the Axial-Age Mediterranean World

Author : Baruch Halpern
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 900419455X
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Contact and Appropriation in the Axial-Age Mediterranean World by : Baruch Halpern

Download or read book Cultural Contact and Appropriation in the Axial-Age Mediterranean World written by Baruch Halpern and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Karl Jaspers dubbed the period, 800-400 BCE, the Axial Age. Axial it was, for out of it emerged the idea of Greek culture, with its influence on Roman and later empires. Jaspers’ Axial Age was the chrysalis of culturally-meaningful modernity. Trade expands intellectual horizons. The economic and political effects permeate such social domains as technology, language and worldview. In the last category, many issues take on an emotional freight – the birth of science, monotheism, philosophy, even theory itself. Cultural Contact and Appropriation in the Axial-Age Mediterranean World: A Periplos, explores adaptation, resistance and reciprocity in Axial-Age Mediterranean exchange (ca. 800-300 BCE). Some essayists expand on an international discussion about myth, to which even the Church Fathers contributed. Others explore questions of how vocabulary is reapplied, or how the alphabet is reapplied, in a new environment. Detailed cases ground participants’ capacity to illustrate both the variety of the disciplinary integuments in which we now speak, one with the other, across disciplines, and the sheer complexity of constructing a workable programme for true collaboration.

Axial Civilizations And World History

Author : J©đhann P©Łll © rnason
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004139559
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Axial Civilizations And World History by : J©đhann P©Łll © rnason

Download or read book Axial Civilizations And World History written by J©đhann P©Łll © rnason and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2005 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays by social theorists, historical sociologists and area specialists in classical, biblical and Asian studies. The contributions deal with cultural transformations in major civilizational centres during the "Axial Age," the middle centuries of the last millennium BCE, and their long-term consequences.

Religious Evolution and the Axial Age

Author : Stephen K. Sanderson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350047430
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Religious Evolution and the Axial Age by : Stephen K. Sanderson

Download or read book Religious Evolution and the Axial Age written by Stephen K. Sanderson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious Evolution and the Axial Age describes and explains the evolution of religion over the past ten millennia. It shows that an overall evolutionary sequence can be observed, running from the spirit and shaman dominated religions of small-scale societies, to the archaic religions of the ancient civilizations, and then to the salvation religions of the Axial Age. Stephen K. Sanderson draws on ideas from new cognitive and evolutionary psychological theories, as well as comparative religion, anthropology, history, and sociology. He argues that religion is a biological adaptation that evolved in order to solve a number of human problems, especially those concerned with existential anxiety and ontological insecurity. Much of the focus of the book is on the Axial Age, the period in the second half of the first millennium BCE that marked the greatest religious transformation in world history. The book demonstrates that, as a result of massive increases in the scale and scope of war and large-scale urbanization, the problems of existential anxiety and ontological insecurity became particularly acute. These changes evoked new religious needs, especially for salvation and release from suffering. As a result entirely new religions-Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism-arose to help people cope with the demands of the new historical era.

The Great Transformation

Author : Karen Armstrong
Publisher : Vintage Canada
ISBN 13 : 0307371433
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Transformation by : Karen Armstrong

Download or read book The Great Transformation written by Karen Armstrong and published by Vintage Canada. This book was released on 2009-02-24 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From one of the world’s leading writers on religion and the highly acclaimed author of the bestselling A History of God, The Battle for God and The Spiral Staircase, comes a major new work: a chronicle of one of the most important intellectual revolutions in world history and its relevance to our own time. In one astonishing, short period – the ninth century BCE – the peoples of four distinct regions of the civilized world created the religious and philosophical traditions that have continued to nourish humanity into the present day: Confucianism and Daoism in China; Hinduism and Buddhism in India; monotheism in Israel; and philosophical rationalism in Greece. Historians call this the Axial Age because of its central importance to humanity’s spiritual development. Now, Karen Armstrong traces the rise and development of this transformative moment in history, examining the brilliant contributions to these traditions made by such figures as the Buddha, Socrates, Confucius and Ezekiel. Armstrong makes clear that despite some differences of emphasis, there was remarkable consensus among these religions and philosophies: each insisted on the primacy of compassion over hatred and violence. She illuminates what this “family” resemblance reveals about the religious impulse and quest of humankind. And she goes beyond spiritual archaeology, delving into the ways in which these Axial Age beliefs can present an instructive and thought-provoking challenge to the ways we think about and practice religion today. A revelation of humankind’s early shared imperatives, yearnings and inspired solutions – as salutary as it is fascinating. Excerpt from The Great Transformation: In our global world, we can no longer afford a parochial or exclusive vision. We must learn to live and behave as though people in remote parts of the globe were as important as ourselves. The sages of the Axial Age did not create their compassionate ethic in idyllic circumstances. Each tradition developed in societies like our own that were torn apart by violence and warfare as never before; indeed, the first catalyst of religious change was usually a visceral rejection of the aggression that the sages witnessed all around them. . . . All the great traditions that were created at this time are in agreement about the supreme importance of charity and benevolence, and this tells us something important about our humanity.

The Happiness Problem

Author : Sam Wren-Lewis
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1447353552
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis The Happiness Problem by : Sam Wren-Lewis

Download or read book The Happiness Problem written by Sam Wren-Lewis and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We appear to have more control over our lives than ever before. If we could get things right – the perfect job, relationship, family, body and mind – then we’d be happy. With enough economic growth and technological innovation, we could cure all societal ills. The Happiness Problem shows that this way of thinking is too simplistic and can even be harmful: no matter how much progress we make, we will still be vulnerable to disappointment, loss and suffering. The things we do to make ourselves happy are merely the tip of the iceberg. Sam Wren-Lewis offers an alternative process that acknowledges insecurity and embraces uncertainty. Drawing on our psychological capacities for curiosity and compassion, he proposes that we can connect with, and gain a deeper understanding of, the personal and social challenges that define our time

The Origin and Goal of History

Author : Karl Jaspers
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000357791
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin and Goal of History by : Karl Jaspers

Download or read book The Origin and Goal of History written by Karl Jaspers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-28 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Karl Jaspers (1883–1969) was a German psychiatrist and philosopher and one of the most original European thinkers of the twentieth century. As a major exponent of existentialism in Germany, he had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry and philosophy. He was Hannah Arendt’s supervisor before her emigration to the United States in the 1930s and himself experienced the consequences of Nazi persecution. He was removed from his position at the University of Heidelberg in 1937, due to his wife being Jewish. Published in 1949, the year in which the Federal Republic of Germany was founded, The Origin and Goal of History is a vitally important book. It is renowned for Jaspers' theory of an 'Axial Age', running from the 8th to the 3rd century BCE. Jaspers argues that this period witnessed a remarkable flowering of new ways of thinking that appeared in Persia, India, China and the Greco-Roman world, in striking parallel development but without any obvious direct cultural contact between them. Jaspers identifies key thinkers from this age, including Confucius, Buddha, Zarathustra, Homer and Plato, who had a profound influence on the trajectory of future philosophies and religions. For Jaspers, crucially, it is here that we see the flowering of diverse philosophical beliefs such as scepticism, materialism, sophism, nihilism, and debates about good and evil, which taken together demonstrate human beings' shared ability to engage with universal, humanistic questions as opposed to those mired in nationality or authoritarianism. At a deeper level, The Origin and Goal of History provides a crucial philosophical framework for the liberal renewal of German intellectual life after 1945, and indeed of European intellectual life more widely, as a shattered continent attempted to find answers to what had happened in the preceding years. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by Christopher Thornhill.

A Complex Integral Realist Perspective

Author : Paul Marshall
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317621255
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis A Complex Integral Realist Perspective by : Paul Marshall

Download or read book A Complex Integral Realist Perspective written by Paul Marshall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sketches the contours of a vision that moves beyond the dominant paradigm or worldview that underlies and governs modernity (and postmodernity). It does so by drawing on the remarkable leap in human consciousness that occurred during the Axial Age and on a cross-pollination of what are arguably the three most comprehensive integrative metatheories available today: Complex thought, integral theory and critical realism – i.e. a complex integral realism. By deploying the three integrative metatheories this book recounts how the seeds of a number of biases within the Western tradition – analytical over dialectical, epistemology over ontology, presence over absence and exterior over interior – were first sown in axial Greece, later consolidated in European modernity and then challenged throughout the 20th century. It then discusses the remedies provided by the three integrative philosophies, remedies that have paved the way for a new vision. Outlining a ‘new axial vision’ for the twenty-first century which integrates the best of premodernity, modernity and postmodernity within a complex integral realist framework, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of the Axial Age, critical realism, integral theory and complex thought. It will also appeal to those interested in a possible integration of the insights and knowledge gleaned by science, spirituality and philosophy.

Seven Testaments of World Religion and the Zoroastrian Older Testament

Author : Brian Arthur Brown
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538127873
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Seven Testaments of World Religion and the Zoroastrian Older Testament by : Brian Arthur Brown

Download or read book Seven Testaments of World Religion and the Zoroastrian Older Testament written by Brian Arthur Brown and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential comparative religious studies resource presents primary scriptures of seven world religions and reveals their shared heritage in Zoroastrian tradition. Completing the authoritative trilogy alongside Three Testaments: Torah Gospel and Quran and Four Testaments: Tao Te Ching, Analects, Dhammapada, Bhagavad Gita, Seven Testamentsof World Religion lays the groundwork for all studies of religious history. Special Features Concise descriptions of each testament Maps, timelines, and study guide questions Appendices connecting historical events across testaments

From the Axial Age to the Moral Revolution: John Stuart-Glennie, Karl Jaspers, and a New Understanding of the Idea

Author : E. Halton
Publisher : Palgrave Pivot
ISBN 13 : 9781349494873
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (948 download)

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Book Synopsis From the Axial Age to the Moral Revolution: John Stuart-Glennie, Karl Jaspers, and a New Understanding of the Idea by : E. Halton

Download or read book From the Axial Age to the Moral Revolution: John Stuart-Glennie, Karl Jaspers, and a New Understanding of the Idea written by E. Halton and published by Palgrave Pivot. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1873, John Stuart Stuart-Glennie elaborated a theory of 'the moral revolution' to characterize the historical shift from roughly 600 BCE in a variety of civilizations, as part of a critical theory of history. This book brings light to the now eclipsed theory and offers new contexts and understandings of the phenomenon.

Cosmopolitanism in Hard Times

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004438025
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Cosmopolitanism in Hard Times by :

Download or read book Cosmopolitanism in Hard Times written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While each chapter seizes the dialectic of enlightenment and counter-enlightenment at work in the global world, the volume insists on the moral, intellectual, structural, and historical resources that still make cosmopolitanism a real possibility even in these hard times.

Practicing Transcendence

Author : Christopher Peet
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030144321
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Practicing Transcendence by : Christopher Peet

Download or read book Practicing Transcendence written by Christopher Peet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-05 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to the concept of the Axial Age and its relevance for a world in crisis. Scholars have become increasingly interested in philosopher Karl Jaspers’ thesis that a spiritual revolution in consciousness during the first millennium BCE decisively shaped world history. Axial ideas of transcendence develop into ideologies for world religions and civilizations, in turn coalescing into a Eurasian world-system that spreads globally to become the foundation of our contemporary world. Alongside ideas and ideologies, the Axial Age also taught spiritual practices critically resisting the new scale of civilizational power: in small counter-cultural communities on the margins of society, they turn our conscious focus inward to transform ourselves and overcome the destructive potentials within human nature. Axial spiritualities offer humanity a practical wisdom, a profound psychology, and deep hope: to transform despair into resilience, helping us face with courage the ecological and political challenges confronting us today.