The Structure And Function Of Peatlands In The Hudson Bay Lowland

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The Structure and Function of Peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowland

Author : Lorna Harris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure and Function of Peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowland by : Lorna Harris

Download or read book The Structure and Function of Peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowland written by Lorna Harris and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowland (HBL) are the world's second largest expanse of northern peatland and are globally important carbon (C) stores. Within the bogs and fens covering this extensive landscape, small-scale variations in surface elevation (microtopography - hummocks and hollows) form distinct spatial patterns accentuated by different vegetation cover related to water table depth. These spatial differences in peatland structure and biogeochemical function enable peatlands to occupy alternate dry and wet stable states, therefore increasing peatland resilience to environmental change. The objectives of this research were to examine mechanisms controlling peatland structure and function through analysis of field evidence from HBL peatlands. Relationships among vegetation, hydrology, and nutrients were examined for peatland microforms to test current hypotheses and conditions of peatland development models, and whether these models are applicable to HBL peatlands. My analysis shows the development of surface patterns of microforms within the HBL peatlands may be explained by small-scale structuring mechanisms that control peat accumulation at the microform scale, specifically, the peat accumulation and water ponding mechanisms. Vegetation type is an important control, with greater shrub cover on hummocks associated with larger production for hummocks than hollows. My results also suggest the occurrence of different spatial patterns depends on position within a peat landform, with these differences attributed to varying ecohydrological settings related to landscape-scale hydrology. In turn, the ecohydrological setting influences the strength and direction of feedback mechanisms controlling peat accumulation at the microform scale. Mat-forming lichens cover a large area of the surface of HBL peatlands (up to 50 % in places) and are an important control for peat accumulation and microform development. My results demonstrate that where there are thick lichen mats, local peat accumulation ceases through smaller productivity, faster lichen decay rates, and a loss of structural integrity in underlying peat. Lichens therefore represent a significant temporary limit to peat growth, likely constraining or reducing hummock height relative to adjacent hollows.The potential effects of hydrological change (drier conditions and lower water tables caused by gradual short-term drainage) on these relationships, and on peatland structure and function, were also assessed. My results reveal changes in vegetation and biogeochemical processes are dependent on microform. A significant loss of vegetation and associated biogeochemical changes in dry pools indicate a shift in ecosystem state. Minor changes for hummocks and intermediate microforms however, demonstrate the resilience of HBL peatlands to hydrological change that may be analogous to future climate change scenarios. This thesis contributes new knowledge on the current state of bogs and fens in the HBL for which there has been limited research, and provides insight into possible mechanisms controlling peatland structure and function. This understanding will be invaluable when considering the risks of climate change and increasing development for infrastructure and mining in these iconic peatlands. " --

Hydrology and Nutrient Biogeochemistry of Shallow Pond-peatland Complexes, Hudson Bay Lowlands

Author : Matthew Morison
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydrology and Nutrient Biogeochemistry of Shallow Pond-peatland Complexes, Hudson Bay Lowlands by : Matthew Morison

Download or read book Hydrology and Nutrient Biogeochemistry of Shallow Pond-peatland Complexes, Hudson Bay Lowlands written by Matthew Morison and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Towards Climate-responsible Peatlands Management

Author : Riccardo Biancalani
Publisher : Mitigation of Climate Change i
ISBN 13 : 9789251085462
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (854 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards Climate-responsible Peatlands Management by : Riccardo Biancalani

Download or read book Towards Climate-responsible Peatlands Management written by Riccardo Biancalani and published by Mitigation of Climate Change i. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this guidebook is to support the reduction of GHG emissions from managed peatlands and present guidance for responsible management practices that can maintain peatlands ecosystem services while sustaining and improving local livelihoods. This guidebook also provides an overview of the present knowledge on peatlands, including their geographic distribution, ecological characteristics and socio-economic importance.

Surface Climates of Canada

Author : Timothy R. Oke
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN 13 : 0773563571
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (735 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Climates of Canada by : Timothy R. Oke

Download or read book Surface Climates of Canada written by Timothy R. Oke and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1998-01-15 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the opening chapters contributors lay out the large-scale context of the physical climate of Canada, introducing the processes, balances, and dynamic linkages between the surface and atmosphere that create and maintain the diversity of surface climates found in Canada as well as outlining the nature of the physical processes that operate near the ground's surface. Individual chapters are dedicated to snow and ice - the almost universal surface cover in Canada - and the other major natural surface environments of Canada: ocean and coastal zones, fresh water lakes, wetlands, arctic islands, low arctic and subarctic lands, forests, and alpine environments. The final part of the book considers those surface environments that have been strongly influenced by human activity, such as agricultural lands and urban environments, and examines the prospects for future climate change. Bringing together for the first time a wide range of scholarship by leading climatologists, The Surface Climates of Canada will be an indispensable tool for understanding Canada's surface climates and the processes responsible for their creation and control. Contributors include Brian D. Amiro (AECL), W.G. Bailey (Simon Fraser), Richard Bello (York), Terry J. Gillespie (Guelph), Barry E. Goodison (Atmospheric Environment Service), F. Kenneth Hare (emeritus professor, Toronto), L.D. Danny Harvey (Toronto), Owen Hertzman (Dalhousie), Peter M. Lafleur (Trent), J. Harry McCaughey (Queen's), Linda Mortsch (Environment Canada), R. Ted Munn (Toronto), D. Scott Munro (Toronto), Atsumu Ohmura (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Timothy R. Oke (UBC), John W. Pomeroy (Environment Canada), Alexander W. Robertson (Canadian Forest Service), Nigel T. Roulet (McGill), Wayne R. Rouse (McMaster), Ian R. Saunders (Simon Fraser), William M. Schertzer (Environment Canada), Hans-Peter Schmid (Indiana), David L. Spittlehouse (BC Ministry of Forests), Douw G. Steyn (UBC), John L. Walmsley (Atmospheric Environment Service), John D. Wilson (Alberta), Ming-Ko Woo (McMaster).

The Biology of Peatlands, 2e

Author : Håkan Rydin
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191508284
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biology of Peatlands, 2e by : Håkan Rydin

Download or read book The Biology of Peatlands, 2e written by Håkan Rydin and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peatlands form important landscape elements in many parts of the world and play significant roles for biodiversity and global carbon balance. This new edition has been fully revised and updated, documenting the latest advances in areas such as microbial processes and relations between biological processes and hydrology. As well as thoroughly referencing the latest research, the authors expose a rich older literature where an immense repository of natural history has accumulated. The Biology of Peatlands starts with an overview of the main peatland types (marsh, swamp, fen, and bog), before examining the entire range of biota present (microbes, invertebrates, plants, and vertebrates), together with their specific adaptations to peatland habitats. Detailed coverage is devoted to the genus Sphagnum, the most important functional plant group in northern peatlands, although tropical and southern hemisphere peatlands are also covered. Throughout the book the interactions between organisms and environmental conditions (especially wetness, availability of oxygen, and pH) are emphasized, with chapters on the physical and chemical characteristics of peat, the role of peat as an archive of past vegetation and climate, and peatland succession and development. Several other key factors and processes are then examined, including hydrology and nutrient cycling. The fascinating peatland landforms in different parts of the world are described, together with theories on how they have developed. Human interactions with peatlands are considered in terms of management, conservation, and restoration. A final chapter, new to this edition, focuses on the role of peatlands as sources or sinks for the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane, and the influences of climate change on peatlands. This timely and accessible text is suitable for students and researchers of peatland ecology, as well as providing an authoritative overview for professional ecologists and conservation biologists.

The Wetland Book

Author : C. Max Finlayson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400740006
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wetland Book by : C. Max Finlayson

Download or read book The Wetland Book written by C. Max Finlayson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wetland Book is a comprehensive resource aimed at supporting the trans- and multidisciplinary research and practice which is inherent to this field. Aware both that wetlands research is on the rise and that researchers and students are often working or learning across several disciplines, The Wetland Book is a readily accessible online and print reference which will be the first port of call on key concepts in wetlands science and management. This easy-to-follow reference will allow multidisciplinary teams and transdisciplinary individuals to look up terms, access further details, read overviews on key issues and navigate to key articles selected by experts.

Atmospheric Methane: Sources, Sinks, and Role in Global Change

Author : M.A.K. Khalil
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364284605X
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Methane: Sources, Sinks, and Role in Global Change by : M.A.K. Khalil

Download or read book Atmospheric Methane: Sources, Sinks, and Role in Global Change written by M.A.K. Khalil and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methane plays many important roles in the earth's environment. It is a potent "greenhouse gas" that warms the earth; controls the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere (OH) indirectly affecting the cycles and abundances of many atmospheric trace gases; provides water vapor to the stratosphere; scavenges chlorine atoms from the stratosphere, terminating the catalytic ozone destruction by chlorine atoms, including the chlorine released from the man-made chlorofluorocarbons; produces ozone, CO, and CO2 in the troposphere; and it is an index of life on earth and so is present in greater quantities during warm interglacial epochs and dwindles to low levels during the cold of ice ages. By all measures, methane is the second only to CO2 in causing future global warming. The book presents a comprehensive account of the current understanding of atmospheric methane, and it is an end point for summarizing more than a decade of intensive research on the global sources, sinks, concentrations, and environmental role of methane.

The Impacts of Environmental Changes on Peatland Microbial Community Structure and Function

Author : Michelle M. Dart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impacts of Environmental Changes on Peatland Microbial Community Structure and Function by : Michelle M. Dart

Download or read book The Impacts of Environmental Changes on Peatland Microbial Community Structure and Function written by Michelle M. Dart and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Northern peatlands store approximately 30% of the world's soil carbon, and are also responsible for contemporary fluxes of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), making them important players in the global carbon (C) cycle. These greenhouse gas emissions are mediated by peat-dwelling microbes; however, the environmental factors governing the structures and functions of peat microbial communities are still poorly understood. In order to better understand these dynamics, I examined the effects of two forms of environmental change on peatland microbial communities. Firstly, to gain fundamental knowledge of the drivers of microbial community shift due to natural peatland succession, I examined the effects of long-term peat transplantation from a rich fen to a late-successional poor fen. This allowed me to evaluate the relative effects of solid phase chemistry and substrate (largely determined by the parent material/vegetation) versus aqueous chemistry (influenced more by groundwater or precipitation sources), on peat microbial communities. My results suggest that solid phase chemistry, particularly total nitrogen (TN) and C:N, may be important in determining the makeup of peatland bacterial communities. Secondly, I examined the effects of soil warming simulating projected climate change in a poor and an intermediate fen on peat microbial respiration and CH4 production as the preliminary stage of a multi-year, large-scale field experiment. Soil warming did not lead to any effects on CO2 production or CH4 flux during peat incubation.

An Investigation of the Permafrozen Peat in Palsas of the Hudson Bay Lowlands of Canada

Author : Douglas Nevison Meeking
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis An Investigation of the Permafrozen Peat in Palsas of the Hudson Bay Lowlands of Canada by : Douglas Nevison Meeking

Download or read book An Investigation of the Permafrozen Peat in Palsas of the Hudson Bay Lowlands of Canada written by Douglas Nevison Meeking and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Biology of Peatlands

Author : Hakan Rydin
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780198528722
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (287 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biology of Peatlands by : Hakan Rydin

Download or read book The Biology of Peatlands written by Hakan Rydin and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-06-08 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing awareness that peatlands are a key component of the global carbon cycle due to their role as an important carbon sink. However, many ecologists and conservation biologists lack a general understanding of peatlands despite the fact that they are also often repositories for rare species and, in many regions, represent the last remnants of natural vegetation. This book provides a concise but comprehensive introduction to peatland ecology. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book will be on the organisms that dominate peatland habitats although their management, conservation and restoration will also be considered.

Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management

Author : Ken W. Krauss
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111963928X
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management by : Ken W. Krauss

Download or read book Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management written by Ken W. Krauss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Peatlands

Author : I.P. Martini
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080468055
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Peatlands by : I.P. Martini

Download or read book Peatlands written by I.P. Martini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-28 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades there has been considerable work on global climatic change and its effect on the ecosphere, as well as on local and global environmental changes triggered by human activities. From the tropics to the Arctic, peatlands have developed under various geological conditions, and they provide good records of global and local changes since the Late Pleistocene.The objectives of the book are to analyze topics such as geological evolution of major peatlands basins; peatlands as self sustaining ecosystems; chemical environment of peatlands: water and peat chemistry; peatlands as archives of environmental changes; influence of peatlands on atmosphere: circular complex interactions; remote sensing studies of peatlands; peatlands as a resource; peatlands degradation, restoration, plus more. * Presents an interdisciplinary approach, with an emphasis on Earth Science, and addresses the need for intergration between subdisciplines and the developing of new approaches* Synthesizes the evolutionary, ecological, and chemical characteristics of major peatlands, as well as focuses on the environmental changes, from climate changes to surface ares changes due to human activities* Covers topical studies of worldwide interest and provides examples from many different countries

Canadian Inland Seas

Author : I.P. Martini
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080870821
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Canadian Inland Seas by : I.P. Martini

Download or read book Canadian Inland Seas written by I.P. Martini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The various chapters of this book have been written by researchers who are still working in the Canadian Inland Seas region. The chapters synthesize what is known about these seas, yet much still is to be learnt. It is hoped that this collection of information will serve as a springboard for future, much needed, studies in this fascinating, diverse region, and will stimulate comparative analyses with other subarctic and arctic basins of the world. The Canadian Inland Seas are the only remnants, albeit cold, of the ancient cratonic marine basins which occupied central North America throughout the Paleozoic and part of the Mesozoic. Precambrian rocks and gently dipping Paleozoic sedimentary rocks underlie the seas. The area is also close to the centers of Pleistocene glaciations. The coastal areas represent an emerged landscape of the post-glacial Tyrrell sea, as the region has been isostatically uplifted to about 350 meters since glacial times. A total of 56 fish species inhabit Hudson Bay and James Bay. Seals, whales and one of the largest and southernmost populations of polar bears inhabit the seas as well. The coastal areas are important habitats for migratory bird populations, some of which migrate from as far away as Southern Argentina. The ostic environment has preserved these regions relatively unchanged by man, with only a major harbour at Churchill, Manitoba, which is active for part of the year, and a second large, rail-terminal settlement in the south at Moosonee, Ontario. A few, small, native Indian and Inuit villages dot the coasts. The seas are being affected indirectly by the damming of rivers for the generation of hydroelectric power, and by drainage diversions towards the man-made reservoirs. A major project is being completed in Quebec east of James Bay, but other rivers in Ontario and Manitoba have been dammed as well. Undoubtedly freshwater is one of the more important resources of the area, however its exploitation needs careful thought because of the possible long-range effects on the environment, particularly the coastal marshes, which sustain much of the eastern American intercontinental migratory avifauna. Other resources occur in the regions, primarily minerals and perhaps petroleum. For the most part however, such resources remain to be discovered.

Canadian Journal of Botany

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 848 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Botany by :

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wetlands of Canada

Author : Canada Committee on Ecological (Biophysical) Land Classification. National Wetlands Working Group
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Wetlands of Canada by : Canada Committee on Ecological (Biophysical) Land Classification. National Wetlands Working Group

Download or read book Wetlands of Canada written by Canada Committee on Ecological (Biophysical) Land Classification. National Wetlands Working Group and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the influencing factors, distribution, evolution, classification, regionalization and methodologies for study of the wetlands of Canada. Specific chapters are devoted to the arctic, subarctic, boreal, prairies, eastern temperate, Atlantic and Pacific regions as well as the salt marshes of Canada.

Ecology of a Managed Terrestrial Landscape

Author : Ajith H. Perera
Publisher : UBC Press
ISBN 13 : 0774842369
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology of a Managed Terrestrial Landscape by : Ajith H. Perera

Download or read book Ecology of a Managed Terrestrial Landscape written by Ajith H. Perera and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing popularity of the broad, landscape-scale approach to forest management represents a dramatic shift from the traditional, stand-based focus on timber production. Ecology of a Managed Terrestrial Landscape responds to the increasing need of forest policy developers, planners, and managers for an integrated, comprehensive perspective on ecological landscapes. The book examines the "big picture" of ecological patterns and processes through a case study of the vast managed forest region in Ontario. The contributors synthesize current landscape ecological knowledge of this area and look at gaps and future research directions from several points of view: spatial patterns, ecological functions and processes, natural disturbances, and ecological responses to disturbance. They also discuss the integration of landscape ecological knowledge into policies of forest management policies, particularly with respect to Ontario's legislative goals of forest sustainability. Ecology of a Managed Terrestrial Landscape is the first book to describe the landscape ecology of a continuously forested landscape in a comprehensive manner. It is written for instructors and students in forest management, wildlife ecology, and landscape ecology, and for forest managers, planners, and policy developers in North America.

Human Impacts on Salt Marshes

Author : Brian R. Silliman
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520258921
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (589 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Impacts on Salt Marshes by : Brian R. Silliman

Download or read book Human Impacts on Salt Marshes written by Brian R. Silliman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-06-03 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Impacts on Salt Marshes provides an excellent global synthesis of an important, underappreciated environmental problem and suggests solutions to the diverse threats affecting salt marshes."—Peter B. Moyle, University of California, Davis