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The Stealth Erosion Of Dollar Dominance Active Diversifiers And The Rise Of Nontraditional Reserve Currencies
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Book Synopsis The Stealth Erosion of Dollar Dominance: Active Diversifiers and the Rise of Nontraditional Reserve Currencies by : Mr. Serkan Arslanalp
Download or read book The Stealth Erosion of Dollar Dominance: Active Diversifiers and the Rise of Nontraditional Reserve Currencies written by Mr. Serkan Arslanalp and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-03-24 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We document a decline in the dollar share of international reserves since the turn of the century. This decline reflects active portfolio diversification by central bank reserve managers; it is not a byproduct of changes in exchange rates and interest rates, of reserve accumulation by a small handful of central banks with large and distinctive balance sheets, or of changes in coverage of surveys of reserve composition. Strikingly, the decline in the dollar’s share has not been accompanied by an increase in the shares of the pound sterling, yen and euro, other long-standing reserve currencies and units that, along with the dollar, have historically comprised the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights. Rather, the shift out of dollars has been in two directions: a quarter into the Chinese renminbi, and three quarters into the currencies of smaller countries that have played a more limited role as reserve currencies. A characterization of the evolution of the international reserve system in the last 20 years is thus as ongoing movement away from the dollar, a recent if still modest rise in the role of the renminbi, and changes in market liquidity, relative returns and reserve management enhancing the attractions of nontraditional reserve currencies. These observations provide hints of how the international system may evolve going forward.
Book Synopsis Neoliberalism Inequality and Authoritarianism by : Jon Kofas
Download or read book Neoliberalism Inequality and Authoritarianism written by Jon Kofas and published by The Little French eBooks. This book was released on 2024-09-03 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book exposes the inherent contradictions of neoliberalism. The myth of limitless growth ignores the reality of resource constraints and fuels a global upward transfer of wealth. Meanwhile, a fractured global economy and intensifying class warfare chip away at neoliberalism's foundation. As inequality spirals and social justice crumbles, the model increasingly serves a privileged few at the expense of the majority. This undermines the Enlightenment ideal of using liberal democracy to improve lives in the age of mass politics, threatening neoliberalism's very survival.
Book Synopsis Enhancing Global Governance in a Fragmented World by : Huiyao Wang
Download or read book Enhancing Global Governance in a Fragmented World written by Huiyao Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book explores the 'polycrisis' currently affecting nearly all nations by exploring key themes such as multilateralism and globalization from the perspective of think tanks from nearly every continent, searching for various solutions to the ills that currently plague the world and a way to create a future in which everyone benefits. As China's preeminent non-governmental think tank, the Center for China and Globalization (CCG) has invited 30 leading figures from the global think tank community to sift through the myriad layers of multilateralism and global governance and provide a contextual analysis of major themes both from a theoretical and practical perspective that focus on China in detail, but also examine the world as a whole. Think tanks are essential in analyzing current trends and providing potential solutions that aid governments, international organizations and business in finding solutions that are beneficial to all. As a key source of innovative ideas, they have become even more valuable today as the pace of change accelerates, geopolitical complexity increases and the world has to deal with global crises that no country can address on their own. A common, central theme through all of the 25 essays in this book is the need for a more universal, inclusive and multilateral approach to reforming global governance. It is our hope that the views of the experts from think tanks and other non-governmental organizations in this compilation will provide valuable insights to help heal the gaps in our fragmented world.
Download or read book In This Economy? written by Kyla Scanlon and published by Crown Currency. This book was released on 2024-05-28 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Few people can communicate how the economy actually works better than Kyla Scanlon.”—Morgan Housel, author of The Psychology of Money An illustrated guide to the mad math and terrible terminology of economics, from one of the internet’s favorite financial educators Is our national debt really a threat? What is a “mild” recession, exactly? If you’re worried about your bank account balance, job security, or mortgage rate, what data should you be keeping tabs on? For anyone trying to make sense of disorienting headlines, there’s no better interpreter than Kyla Scanlon. Through her trademark blend of witty illustrations, creative analogies, and insights from behavioral economics, literature, and philosophy, Scanlon breaks down everything you need to know about how money and markets really work. This indispensable handbook reveals the hidden forces driving key economic outcomes, the most common myths to steer clear of, and the dusty, outdated assumptions that constrain our political imagination, offering a bold new path to building a prosperous society that works for everyone.
Book Synopsis The State of Capitalism by : Costas Lapavitsas
Download or read book The State of Capitalism written by Costas Lapavitsas and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking beyond pandemic capitalism The health emergency that broke out in 2020 is a landmark event in the development of capitalism, confirming the underlying change signalled by the Great Crisis of 2007-9. The pandemic has catapulted the state to the centre of economic activity. However, a historic impasse is steadily becoming apparent at the core of the world economy Productive accumulation is flaccid, as both profitability and labour productivity are weak. Financialisation has entered a new phase, as “shadow banking” grew relative to other banks but is entirely dependent on the state. The power of the state derives from command over fiat money and can certainly deliver enormous boosts to aggregate demand, but that is not enough to tackle the weakness of the productive sector. The rise in inflation for the first time in forty years indicates the impasse. There is a transparent need for intervention on the supply side, directly challenging capitalist property rights. There is no evidence, however, that the ruling blocs in core countries would engage in such policies. The pandemic crisis also brought to the fore fresh divisions of core and periphery across the world economy. Imperialism has assumed new forms, spurred by globally active financial capital and internationalised productive capital. A renewed contest for hegemony has emerged as US power declined. The economic challenge of China will unfold steadily in the years ahead, intensifying political tensions and military rivalries. This book is the work of a research collective comprising authors from several parts of the world. It analyses these vital issues from the perspective of Marxist political economy and puts forth alternative anticapitalist proposals.
Book Synopsis Accidental Conflict by : Stephen Roach
Download or read book Accidental Conflict written by Stephen Roach and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The misguided forces driving conflict escalation between America and China, and the path to a new relationship "A timely, fluid, readable assessment of a testy and rapidly changing global relationship."--Kirkus Reviews (starred review) In the short span of four years, America and China have entered a trade war, a tech war, and a new Cold War. This conflict between the world's two most powerful nations wouldn't have happened were it not for an unnecessary clash of false narratives. America falsely blames its trade and technology threats on China yet overlooks its shaky saving foundation. China falsely blames its growth challenges on America's alleged containment of market-based socialism, ignoring its failed economic rebalancing. In a hard-hitting analysis of both nations' economies, politics, and policies, Stephen Roach argues that much of the rhetoric on both sides is dangerously misguided, amplified by information distortion, and more a reflection of each nation's fears and vulnerabilities than a credible assessment of the risks they face. Outlining the disastrous toll of conflict escalation between China and America, Roach offers a new road map to restoring a mutually advantageous relationship.
Book Synopsis Asian Economic Integration Report 2024 by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Asian Economic Integration Report 2024 written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2024-02-01 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report explores how economic forces are affecting cross-border flows of goods and services and the movement of people in Asia and the Pacific. It looks at the extent to which various challenges are prompting deeper economic links. This year’s theme chapter focuses on decarbonizing global value chains, exploring how policymakers can minimize emissions while maximizing the economic advantages of global production networks. It evaluates the impact of initiatives like the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism for Asian subregions, suggesting the use of carbon pricing, accounting mechanisms for embedded emissions, increased trade cooperation, upgraded technology, and international cooperation for technology transfer to reduce CO2 emissions.
Download or read book Endgame written by Jamie Merchant and published by Reaktion Books. This book was released on 2024-08-12 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new account of globalization’s decline as the natural outworking of market economics. Globalization as we know it is over. Governments continue to embrace regressive industrial policies, geopolitical tensions are rising higher and higher, and resurgent far-right movements are threatening the foundations of contemporary democracies. In this book, Jamie Merchant traces the roots of this decline beyond the oft-blamed failures of the post-Cold War era. Instead, Merchant argues that the great political and economic changes of the last decade are due not to globalization but to the long-term decay of the market-based economic order. By historicizing this period of globalization and decline, Endgame illuminates a path forward for both the global economy and international politics.
Book Synopsis The RMB in the Global Economy by : Yin-Wong Cheung
Download or read book The RMB in the Global Economy written by Yin-Wong Cheung and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-08 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element discusses the global role of the RMB. After recapitulating its economic and trade growth experiences, we recount China's evolving exchange rate policy in the post-reform era, review the debate over whether the RMB is overvalued or undervalued, present China's policies to globalize the RMB, describe offshore RMB trading, assess the current global status of the RMB, and discuss geopolitical tensions in the last few years. Since 2009, the process of globalizing RMB has not been smooth sailing and progressed quite unevenly over time. Despite the strong performance in the early 2010s, the RMB is under-represented in the global market and its global role does not match China's economic might. The path of RMB internationalization is affected by both China's economic performance and geopolitical factors.
Book Synopsis Asian Economic Integration Report 2023 by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Asian Economic Integration Report 2023 written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report shows how smart trade and investment policies, and regulatory cooperation in the Asia and Pacific region can help economies tackle climate change, recover from the pandemic, and support resilient and sustainable development. Analyzing topics including global value chains, investment, the movement of people, and regional cooperation initiatives, it outlines the economic and environmental challenges the region currently faces. It explores how trade and investment policies can support climate action and highlights why a joined-up approach is essential to help deepen the digital economy, strengthen supply chains and foster greener businesses, markets, and trade.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2022 Issue 1 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2022 Issue 1 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2022-06-08 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The war in Ukraine is a major humanitarian crisis with associated economic shocks that threaten the post-pandemic recovery. The OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2022 Issue 1, highlights the implications and risks for growth, inflation and living standards from higher commodity prices and potential disruptions to energy and food supplies, and discusses the associated policy challenges.
Book Synopsis Reserve Currency Blocs: A Changing International Monetary System? by : Mr.Camilo E Tovar Mora
Download or read book Reserve Currency Blocs: A Changing International Monetary System? written by Mr.Camilo E Tovar Mora and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the extent of currency diversification in the international monetary system? How has it evolved over time? In this paper, we quantify the degree of currency diversification using regression methods of currency co-movements to determine the extent to which national currencies across the world belong to a reserve currency bloc. We then use these estimates to calculate the economic size of each currency bloc. A key contribution of our paper is that we quantify the size of the Chinese renminbi bloc. Our analysis suggests that the international monetary system has transitioned from a bi-polar system - consisting of the U.S. dollar and the euro - to a tri-polar one that includes the renminbi. The dollar bloc is estimated to continue to dominate, having the largest share in global GDP (40 percent), followed by the renminbi (30 percent) and the euro blocs (20 percent). The geographical area of influence for the RMB bloc appears to be most evident among the BRICS’ currencies. The British pound and the Japanese yen blocs appear to play minor roles.
Book Synopsis Harnessing Digitization for Remittances in Asia and the Pacific by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Harnessing Digitization for Remittances in Asia and the Pacific written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remittances are considered a lifeline of developing countries and are especially vital for migrants and their families. Digital data technology can help alleviate many of the “pain-points” in the remittances industry. For example, it can significantly enhance the convenience, speed, security, and affordability of sending and receiving remittances. This report discusses the importance of remittances in Asia and the Pacific, the key challenges faced by the industry, and the impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes country case studies that demonstrate the benefits of digitization and makes recommendations on how the digitization of remittances across the region can be further advanced.
Author :Barry J. Eichengreen Publisher :Oxford University Press on Demand ISBN 13 :9780199257447 Total Pages :194 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (574 download)
Book Synopsis Financial Crises by : Barry J. Eichengreen
Download or read book Financial Crises written by Barry J. Eichengreen and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2002 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this accessible book, a leading expert provides a critical assessment of the official sector's efforts to more effectively manage financial crises in emerging markets. Professor Eichengreen reviews international initiatives on both the crisis prevention and crisis resolution fronts. Whilecrises will always be with us, he concludes that good progress has been made in limiting their spread and strengthening the international financial system. Ironically, however, official-sector initiatives in this area may in fact have made life more difficult for the poorest countries. Initiativesto limit the incidence of crises and threats to the stability of the international financial system should therefore be linked to an increase in development assistance designed to offset the extra burdens on the poorest countries. The other place where official efforts have fallen short is in creating new ways of resolving crises. The author argues that the old way-official sector financing through the International Monetary Fund-is part of the problem, not part of the solution. The Fund's financial operations allow investorsto escape without significant losses, which in turn encourages them to lend without regard to the risks, weakening market discipline. Moreover, bailouts are inequitable. Because investors are allowed to exit and the IMF ultimately gets paid back, the residents of the crisis country end up footingthe bill. This is one reason why IMF programs have come to be regarded with such animus in the developing world.Imagining that the solution is for the official community to simply show the resolve to resist bailouts is too easy. That the International Monetary Fund has repeatedly come under pressure to extend financial assistance reflects more than a lack of political will; it reflects the inadequacy of thealternatives. At the same time, seeking to create radical new alternatives like an international bankruptcy court is too hard. It would do more to increase the efficiency of resource allocation and the stability of financial markets, the author concludes, to concentrate on more modest changes,namely the introduction of restructuring-friendly provisions into loan agreements, enhancing the capacity of creditors and debtors to resolve debt problems on their own.
Book Synopsis Behind the Scenes of Central Bank Digital Currency by : Gabriel Soderberg
Download or read book Behind the Scenes of Central Bank Digital Currency written by Gabriel Soderberg and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central banks are increasingly pondering whether to issue their own digital currencies to the general public, so-called retail central bank digital currency (CBDC). The majority of IMF member countries are actively evaluating CBDCs, with only a few having issued CBDCs or undertaken extensive pilots or tests. This paper shines the spotlight on the handful of countries at the frontier in the hope of identifying and sharing insights, lessons, and open questions for the benefit of the many countries following in their footsteps. Clearly, what can be gleaned from these experiences does not necessarily apply elsewhere. The sample of countries remains small and country circumstances differ widely. However, the insights in this paper may inspire further investigation and allow countries to gain time by building on the experience of others. Importantly, the purpose of this paper is not to evaluate the courses taken by different jurisdictions, but to study and discuss their key experiences and lessons. The paper studies six advanced CBDC projects, drawing on collaboration and exchanges with the respective central banks to get insights beyond what has previously been published. Unless a specific published source is cited, all information stems from interviews and workshops with members of CBDC project teams in each jurisdiction.
Book Synopsis The Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves by : Mr.Donald J. Mathieson
Download or read book The Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves written by Mr.Donald J. Mathieson and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2000-07-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the determinants of the currency composition of international reserves. Our single most important finding is the striking stability over time of the relationship between the demand for reserves denominated in different currencies and its principal determinants: trade flows, financial flows and currency pegs. This result contrasts sharply with recent predictions of sharp shifts in the currency composition of central banks’ holdings of foreign exchange. The message would seem to be that in this, as in other respects, the international monetary system is in a mode of gradual, continuous evolution, not of rapid, discontinuous change.
Book Synopsis Strategy for Fintech Applications in the Pacific Island Countries by : Sonja Davidovic
Download or read book Strategy for Fintech Applications in the Pacific Island Countries written by Sonja Davidovic and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bali Fintech Agenda highlights 12 principles for policymakers to consider when formulating their approaches to new financial technology (fintech). The agenda aims to harness the potential of fintech while managing associated risks. This paper looks at how some elements of the Bali Fintech Agenda could be used in Pacific island countries, which face significant financial-structural challenges.
