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The State Of Patenting At Research Institutions In Developing Countries Policy Approaches And Practices
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Book Synopsis The State of Patenting at Research Institutions in Developing Countries: Policy Approaches and Practices by : Pluvia Zuniga
Download or read book The State of Patenting at Research Institutions in Developing Countries: Policy Approaches and Practices written by Pluvia Zuniga and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2011 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study discusses the opportunities and challenges offered by patents to foster technology transfer from government funded research institutions in developing countries. It presents a review of policy frameworks and recent policy changes aimed to foster academic patenting and technology transfer in low- and middle-income countries. It then analyzes patenting activities by universities and public research organizations and compares these trends with respect to high-income countries. This analysis is complemented with an assessment of the current state of patenting and technology commercialization practices in a selected group of technology transfer offices.
Book Synopsis University Patent Policies and Practices by : Archie MacInnes Palmer
Download or read book University Patent Policies and Practices written by Archie MacInnes Palmer and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Survey of University Patent Policies by : Archie MacInnes Palmer
Download or read book Survey of University Patent Policies written by Archie MacInnes Palmer and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1948 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Turning Science into Business Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organisations by : OECD
Download or read book Turning Science into Business Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organisations written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2003-05-29 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic inventions are becoming a more important source of technological innovation and a basis for new business start-ups. Universities and other public research organisations (PROs) are racing to patent and license inventions and other forms of ...
Book Synopsis Harnessing Public Research for Innovation in the 21st Century by : Anthony Arundel
Download or read book Harnessing Public Research for Innovation in the 21st Century written by Anthony Arundel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to maximizing the impact of work done at public research institutions and universities to boost innovation and growth.
Book Synopsis The Patent-Competition Interface in Developing Countries by : Thomas K. Cheng
Download or read book The Patent-Competition Interface in Developing Countries written by Thomas K. Cheng and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-16 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes an approach to the patent-competition interface for developing countries. It puts forward a theoretical framework after canvassing relevant policy considerations and examines the many reasons why patent protection is not essential for generating innovation incentives in developing countries. These include the tendency of the patent system to overcompensate innovators, the availability of other appropriation mechanisms for innovators to monetize their innovations, and the lack of appropriate technological capacity in many developing countries to take advantage of the incentives generated by the patent system. It also argues that developing countries with a small population need not pay heed to the impact of their patent system on the incentives of foreign innovators. It then proposes a classification of developing countries into production countries, technology adaptation countries, and proto-innovation countries and argues that dynamic efficiency considerations take on different meanings for developing countries depending on their technological capacities. For the vast majority of developing countries bereft of meaningful innovation capacity, foreign technology transfer is the main vehicle for technological progress. The chief dynamic policy consideration for these countries is hence incentives for technology transfer instead of innovation incentives. There are three main means of voluntary technology transfer: importation of technological goods, foreign direct investment, and technology licensing. Competition law regulation of patent exploitation practices interacts with these three means of technology transfer in different ways and an appropriate approach to the patent-competition interface for these countries needs to take these into account. Distilling all these considerations, the book proposes a development stage-specific approach to the patent-competition interface for developing countries. The approach is then applied to a number of patent exploitation practices, including unilateral refusal to deal, patent tying, excessive pricing for pharmaceuticals, reverse payment settlements, and restrictive licensing practices.
Book Synopsis Patents and Professors by : Anna Marion Bieri
Download or read book Patents and Professors written by Anna Marion Bieri and published by Mohr Siebeck. This book was released on 2022-06-14 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who owns inventions developed at US research universities? And who benefits from the current ownership regime? To answer these questions, Anna Marion Bieri discusses the transformation which has taken place in academia in regard to the involvement and commercialisation of patents and the effect university patenting has had on the academic mission and the scientific commons. Special emphasis is placed on the history and implementation of the Bayh-Dole Act - a widely-discussed law which facilitated the patenting and commercialisation of federally funded university inventions. On this basis, the author explores who should benefit from university inventions and how the current ownership regime should be modified to achieve this purpose. Finally, Anna Marion Bieri proposes that universities employ patents strategically in accordance with their research strengths.
Book Synopsis World Intellectual Property Report 2011 - The Changing Face of Innovation by : World Intellectual Property Organization
Download or read book World Intellectual Property Report 2011 - The Changing Face of Innovation written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2011 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WIPO's World Intellectual Property Report 2011 focuses on the Changing Face of Innovation. It describes key trends in the innovation landscape - including the increasingly open, international and collaborative character of the innovation process; the causes of the increased demand for IP rights; and the rising importance of technology markets.
Book Synopsis Boosting Malaysia's National Intellectual Property System for Innovation by : OECD
Download or read book Boosting Malaysia's National Intellectual Property System for Innovation written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to attain its objective of becoming a high-income economy by 2020, Malaysia is engaged in efforts to enhance the performance of its innovation system. A range of challenges need to be addressed and different policy tools can help in this respect. For this purpose the national ...
Book Synopsis Exploring the Worldwide Patent Surge by : World Intellectual Property Organization
Download or read book Exploring the Worldwide Patent Surge written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an analysis of global patenting trends using the most comprehensive data currently available. Among other things, it finds that subsequent patent filings – additional filings of the same invention, mostly in additional countries – contributed considerably to the growth in filings worldwide, pointing to globalization as one important driver of filing growth. However, no single factor can fully explain the marked increase in the use of the patent system.
Book Synopsis Getting Patents and Economic Data to Speak to Each Other: An “Algorithmic Links with Probabilities” Approach for Joint Analyses of Patenting and Economic Activity by : Travis J. Lybbert
Download or read book Getting Patents and Economic Data to Speak to Each Other: An “Algorithmic Links with Probabilities” Approach for Joint Analyses of Patenting and Economic Activity written by Travis J. Lybbert and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2012 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, the authors describe and explore a new algorithmic approach to constructing concordances between the International Patent Classification (IPC) system and industry classification systems that organize economic data. This ‘Algorithmic Links with Probabilities’ (ALP) approach incorporates text analysis software and keyword extraction programs and applies them to a comprehensive patent dataset. The authors conclude with a discussion on some of the possible applications of the concordance and provide a sample analysis that uses their preferred ALP concordance to analyze international patent flows based on trade patterns.
Book Synopsis Patenting and Research and Development by : Mariano Bosch
Download or read book Patenting and Research and Development written by Mariano Bosch and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a new global data base on patents and innovation inputs, the authors examine the process of knowledge creation measured by the dynamic relationship between research and development and U.S. patents granted. They confirm at the country level the recurrent micro-level finding of a strong relationship between the two and estimate the OECD elasticity to be effectively equal to one. This conflicts with the frequent micro-level finding of strongly diminishing returns in knowledge generation and suggests the importance of knowledge spillover effects measurable only at the aggregate level. Developing countries, however, do show diminishing returns. The authors then explain the differences in spillovers between the OECD and developing countries by testing for the impact of measures of the functioning of the national innovation system-the set of institutions and agents that create and disseminate knowledge. Across the entire sample education, security of intellectual property rights, and in some specifications, the quality of research institutions and their interaction with the private sector, affect the transformation of research and development into patents
Book Synopsis Measuring the International Mobility of Inventors: A New Database by : Ernest Miguelez
Download or read book Measuring the International Mobility of Inventors: A New Database written by Ernest Miguelez and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper has two objectives. First, it describes a new database mapping migratory patterns of inventors, extracted from information included in patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty. It explains in detail the information contained in the database and discusses the usefulness and reliability of the underlying data. Second, the paper provides a descriptive overview of inventor migration patterns, based on the information contained in the newly constructed database.
Book Synopsis Harnessing Public Research for Innovation in the 21st Century by : Anthony Arundel
Download or read book Harnessing Public Research for Innovation in the 21st Century written by Anthony Arundel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Universities and public research institutes play a key role in enabling the application of scientific breakthroughs and innovations in the marketplace. Many countries – developed and developing alike – have implemented national strategies to support the application or commercialization of knowledge produced by public research organizations. Universities and public research institutes have introduced practices to support these activities, for instance by including knowledge transfer to promote innovation as a core part of their mission. As a result, a vital question for policymakers is how to improve the efficiency of these knowledge transfer practices to help maximize innovation-driven growth and/or to seek practical solutions to critical societal challenges. This book aims to develop a conceptual framework to evaluate knowledge transfer practices and outcomes; to improve knowledge transfer metrics, surveys and evaluation frameworks; and to generate findings on what works and what does not, and to propose related policy lessons. This book is also available as Open Access.
Book Synopsis OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Peru 2011 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Peru 2011 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Peru, focusing on the role of government. It provides concrete recommendations and identifies good practices on how to improve policies that affect innovation performance, including R&D policies.
Book Synopsis Dulling the Cutting Edge: How Patent-Related Policies and Practices Hamper Innovation in China by : Dan Prud‘homme
Download or read book Dulling the Cutting Edge: How Patent-Related Policies and Practices Hamper Innovation in China written by Dan Prud‘homme and published by European Chamber. This book was released on 2012-08-22 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study’s statistical analysis shows that patent quality and innovation in China deserve improvement, and an in-depth legal, management science, and economic analysis in the study shows that various patent-related policies and practices actually hamper patent quality and innovation in China. Over 50 recommendations for reform are provided. The study is divided into four chapters, summaries of which are as follows: Although China became the world leader in quantity of domestically filed patent applications in 2011, the quality of these patents needs improvement. Also, while certain innovation in China is rising, the country’s actual innovation appears over-hyped by some sources. There appears to be an overly heavy focus on government-set quantitative patent targets in China, which can hamper patent quality and innovation. This overemphasis involves over 10 national-level and over 150 municipal/provincial quantitative patent targets, mostly to be met by 2015, which are also linked to performance evaluations for SoEs, Party officials and government ministries, universities and research institutes, and other entities. China has a wide-range of other policies, many of which are at least partially meant to encourage patents, that can actually discourage quality patents, and highest-quality patents in particular, and innovation. Examples of these policies include a variety of measures with requirements for “indigenous intellectual property rights” that are linked to financial incentives (many of which are unrelated to government procurement); a range of other government-provided financial incentives for patent development (e.g. certain patent filing subsidies); inappropriate inventor remuneration rules; discriminatory standardization approaches; and a wide range of others. There are a host of concerns surrounding rules and procedures for patent application review and those for enforcement of patent disputes that can hamper building of quality patents and innovation in China. These include concerns about abuse of patent rights, difficulties invalidating utility models, and a wide range of other issues.
Book Synopsis Promoting University-Industry Collaboration in Sri Lanka by : Kurt Larsen
Download or read book Promoting University-Industry Collaboration in Sri Lanka written by Kurt Larsen and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strong science, technology, and innovation links between universities and industry are of critical importance to Sri Lanka as it strives to become an upper-middle-income country. This report presents an overview of current U-I collaboration in Sri Lanka by analyzing responses to a survey of companies and university departments in 2015. Data from the 2015 survey are compared with data from a similar survey in 2007 to identify trends over time. The study examines current policies to promote U-I collaboration in Sri Lanka, highlights some good practices in other countries, and suggests possible ways that Sri Lanka may be able to strengthen U-I collaboration. The report is intended primarily for policy makers in the fields of higher education, research, and innovation, as well as for researchers in companies, universities, and research institutes who are already collaborating in public-private partnerships or are planning to do so. The responses show that the majority of existing links between Sri Lankan universities and companies are short-term, informal interactions with low direct transfer of knowledge and innovation. However, the survey findings also show a growing emphasis on deeper and more demanding types of collaboration, such as joint Research and Development activities, prototype testing, and spin-offs, even though these remain relatively uncommon. Key recommendations to strengthen U-I collaboration are: • As part of the national Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2016†“2020, develop and implement a national plan to upgrade the country’s research infrastructure, in line with national research and innovation priorities. • Strengthen Research and Development funding schemes for joint projects between universities/research institutes and companies, based on national and international experiences. • Define and implement clear intellectual property rights rules for publicly funded research to encourage the use of research results and ensure effective and timely legal protection of intellectual property. • Establish open innovation spaces and business incubators at universities and make available seed money for faculty and students to develop start-ups. • Strengthen the U-I interaction cells at universities with professional expertise in technology transfer and business model development. • Establish opportunities for master’s and PhD students to pursue targeted research projects in companies as part of their study.
