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The Stalinist Penal System
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Book Synopsis The Stalinist Penal System by : J. Otto Pohl
Download or read book The Stalinist Penal System written by J. Otto Pohl and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using information from the newly opened Soviet archives, Part One of this work examines the incarceration of Russians and the development of the Gulag system of labor camps and labor colonies. Part Two describes the mass exile of Soviet citizens and others to areas of forced settlement.
Book Synopsis Soviet Criminal Justice Under Stalin by : Peter H. Solomon
Download or read book Soviet Criminal Justice Under Stalin written by Peter H. Solomon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-10-28 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive account of Stalin's struggle to make criminal law in the USSR a reliable instrument of rule offers new perspectives on collectivization, the Great Terror, the politics of abortion, and the disciplining of the labor force.
Book Synopsis Origins Of The Gulag by : Michael Jakobson
Download or read book Origins Of The Gulag written by Michael Jakobson and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2014-07-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vast network of prison camps was an essential part of the Stalinist system. Conditions in the camps were brutal, life expectancy short. At their peak, they housed millions, and hardly an individual in the Soviet Union remained untouched by their tentacles. Michael Jakobson's is the first study to examine the most crucial period in the history of the camps: from the October Revolution of 1917, when the tsarist prison system was destroyed to October 1934, when all places of confinement were consolidated under one agency -- the infamous GULAG. The prison camps served the Soviet government in many ways: to isolate opponents and frighten the population into submission, to increase labor productivity through the arrest of "inefficient" workers, and to provide labor for factories, mines, lumbering, and construction projects. Jakobson focuses on the structure and interrelations of prison agencies, the Bolshevik views of crime and punishment and inmate reeducation, and prison self-sufficiency. He also describes how political conditions and competition among prison agencies contributed to an unprecedented expansion of the system. Finally, he disputes the official claim of 1931 that the system was profitable -- a claim long accepted by former inmates and Western researchers and used to explain the proliferation of the camps and their population. Did Marxism or the Bolshevik Revolution or Leninism inexorably lead to the GULAG system? Were its origins truly evil or merely banal? Jakobson's important book probes the official record to cast new light on a system that for a time supported but ultimately helped destroy the now fallen Soviet colossus.
Book Synopsis The Gulag After Stalin by : Jeffrey S. Hardy
Download or read book The Gulag After Stalin written by Jeffrey S. Hardy and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Gulag after Stalin, Jeffrey S. Hardy reveals how the vast Soviet penal system was reimagined and reformed in the wake of Stalin’s death. Hardy argues that penal reform in the 1950s was a serious endeavor intended to transform the Gulag into a humane institution that reeducated criminals into honest Soviet citizens. Under the leadership of Minister of Internal Affairs Nikolai Dudorov, a Khrushchev appointee, this drive to change the Gulag into a "progressive" system where criminals were reformed through a combination of education, vocational training, leniency, sport, labor, cultural programs, and self-governance was both sincere and at least partially effective. The new vision for the Gulag faced many obstacles. Reeducation proved difficult to quantify, a serious liability in a statistics-obsessed state. The entrenched habits of Gulag officials and the prisoner-guard power dynamic mitigated the effect of the post-Stalin reforms. And the Soviet public never fully accepted the new policies of leniency and the humane treatment of criminals. In the late 1950s, they joined with a coalition of party officials, criminologists, procurators, newspaper reporters, and some penal administrators to rally around the slogan "The camp is not a resort" and succeeded in reimposing harsher conditions for inmates. By the mid-1960s the Soviet Gulag had emerged as a hybrid system forged from the old Stalinist system, the vision promoted by Khrushchev and others in the mid-1950s, and the ensuing counterreform movement. This new penal equilibrium largely persisted until the fall of the Soviet Union.
Book Synopsis Exiled to Stalin's Prisons by : Albert Pleysier
Download or read book Exiled to Stalin's Prisons written by Albert Pleysier and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-11-09 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Why have I been exiled to prison?” It was a question millions of Soviet citizens asked themselves in the latter 1930s and in the years that followed World War Two. The charges brought against those who were imprisoned were decided by the State and the time of incarceration was also decided by the State. Urkho Rukhanen was arrested in 1938 and was accused of participating in an anti-Soviet nationalist organization. The accusation was a fabrication. Urkho was declared guilty, was exiled to a prison labor camp and was released in 1946. Sofia Prupis was arrested in 1949. She was accused of being a Trotskyite and a Zionist. The charges brought against her were fabrications. She was declared guilty of treason and given a ten-year sentence. Both Urkho and Sofia are the main subjects in the book.
Download or read book Belomor written by Julie S. Draskoczy and published by Academic Studies PRess. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing analyses of everything from prisoner poetry to album covers, Belomor: Criminality and Creativity in Stalin’s Gulag moves beyond the simplistic good/evil paradigm that often accompanies Gulag scholarship. While acknowledging the normative power of Stalinism—an ethos so hegemonic it wanted to harness the very mechanisms of inspiration—the volume also recognizes the various loopholes offered by artistic expression. Perhaps the most infamous project of Stalin’s first Five-Year Plan, the Belomor construction was riddled by paradox, above all the fact that it created a major waterway that was too shallow for large crafts. Even more significant, and sinister, is that the project won the backing of famous creative luminaries who enthusiastically professed the doctrine of self-fashioning. Belomor complicates our understanding of the Gulag by looking at both prisoner motivation and official response from multiple angles, thereby offering a more expansive vision of the labor camp and its connection to Stalinism.
Book Synopsis Death and Redemption by : Steven A. Barnes
Download or read book Death and Redemption written by Steven A. Barnes and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Death and Redemption offers a fundamental reinterpretation of the role of the Gulag--the Soviet Union's vast system of forced-labor camps, internal exile, and prisons--in Soviet society. Soviet authorities undoubtedly had the means to exterminate all the prisoners who passed through the Gulag, but unlike the Nazis they did not conceive of their concentration camps as instruments of genocide. In this provocative book, Steven Barnes argues that the Gulag must be understood primarily as a penal institution where prisoners were given one final chance to reintegrate into Soviet society. Millions whom authorities deemed "reeducated" through brutal forced labor were allowed to leave. Millions more who "failed" never got out alive. Drawing on newly opened archives in Russia and Kazakhstan as well as memoirs by actual prisoners, Barnes shows how the Gulag was integral to the Soviet goal of building a utopian socialist society. He takes readers into the Gulag itself, focusing on one outpost of the Gulag system in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan, a location that featured the full panoply of Soviet detention institutions. Barnes traces the Gulag experience from its beginnings after the 1917 Russian Revolution to its decline following the 1953 death of Stalin. Death and Redemption reveals how the Gulag defined the border between those who would reenter Soviet society and those who would be excluded through death.
Download or read book Iron Curtain written by Anne Applebaum and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 803 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the long-awaited follow-up to her Pulitzer Prize-winning Gulag, acclaimed journalist Anne Applebaum delivers a groundbreaking history of how Communism took over Eastern Europe after World War II and transformed in frightening fashion the individuals who came under its sway. At the end of World War II, the Soviet Union to its surprise and delight found itself in control of a huge swath of territory in Eastern Europe. Stalin and his secret police set out to convert a dozen radically different countries to Communism, a completely new political and moral system. In Iron Curtain, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Anne Applebaum describes how the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe were created and what daily life was like once they were complete. She draws on newly opened East European archives, interviews, and personal accounts translated for the first time to portray in devastating detail the dilemmas faced by millions of individuals trying to adjust to a way of life that challenged their every belief and took away everything they had accumulated. Today the Soviet Bloc is a lost civilization, one whose cruelty, paranoia, bizarre morality, and strange aesthetics Applebaum captures in the electrifying pages of Iron Curtain.
Book Synopsis Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag by : Golfo Alexopoulos
Download or read book Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag written by Golfo Alexopoulos and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new and chilling study of lethal human exploitation in the Soviet forced labor camps, one of the pillars of Stalinist terror In a shocking new study of life and death in Stalin’s Gulag, historian Golfo Alexopoulos suggests that Soviet forced labor camps were driven by brutal exploitation and often administered as death camps. The first study to examine the Gulag penal system through the lens of health, medicine, and human exploitation, this extraordinary work draws from previously inaccessible archives to offer a chilling new view of one of the pillars of Stalinist terror.
Book Synopsis Criminal Subculture in the Gulag by : Mark Vincent
Download or read book Criminal Subculture in the Gulag written by Mark Vincent and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Despite growing academic interest in the Gulag, our knowledge of the camps as a lived experience remains relatively incomplete. Criminal Subculture in the Gulag , in its sophisticated analysis of crime, punishment and everyday life in Soviet labour camps, rectifies this. From Gulag journals and song collections to tattoo drawings and dictionaries of slang, Mark Vincent draws on often-overlooked archival material from the Moscow Criminological Bureau to reconstruct a fuller picture of Gulag daily life and society. In thematic chapters, Vincent maps the Gulag 'penal arc' of prisoners across initiation tests, means of communication, the importance of card playing, punishment rituals and the notorious 1948-52 cyka ('bitches') internal prison war between military veterans and vory-v-zakone . Most importantly, this timely examination of crime and punishment in modern Russia also highlights the lines of continuity between the Gulag systems, late Imperial Katorga, and today's Russian mafia. As such, this impressively interdisciplinary volume is important reading for all scholars of 20th-century Russia as well as those interested in international criminality and penology."--
Book Synopsis Criminal Subculture in the Gulag by : Mark Vincent
Download or read book Criminal Subculture in the Gulag written by Mark Vincent and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 6 Punishment and conflict: Urka courts and the 'bitches' war' -- Ritual -- Punishment -- Suchya voina ('bitches' war') -- Conclusion -- Epilogue: Cult of the urka -- Criminal subculture after the Gulag -- Conclusions -- Glossary of commonly used terms -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.
Book Synopsis The History of the Gulag by : Oleg V. Khlevniuk
Download or read book The History of the Gulag written by Oleg V. Khlevniuk and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human cost of the Gulag, the Soviet labor camp system in which millions of people were imprisoned between 1920 and 1956, was staggering. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and others after him have written movingly about the Gulag, yet never has there been a thorough historical study of this unique and tragic episode in Soviet history. This groundbreaking book presents the first comprehensive, historically accurate account of the camp system. Russian historian Oleg Khlevniuk has mined the contents of extensive archives, including long-suppressed state and Communist Party documents, to uncover the secrets of the Gulag and how it became a central component of Soviet ideology and social policy.
Download or read book Gulag written by Anne Applebaum and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PULITZER PRIZE WINNER • This magisterial and acclaimed history offers the first fully documented portrait of the Gulag, from its origins in the Russian Revolution, through its expansion under Stalin, to its collapse in the era of glasnost. “A tragic testimony to how evil ideologically inspired dictatorships can be.” –The New York Times The Gulag—a vast array of Soviet concentration camps that held millions of political and criminal prisoners—was a system of repression and punishment that terrorized the entire society, embodying the worst tendencies of Soviet communism. Applebaum intimately re-creates what life was like in the camps and links them to the larger history of the Soviet Union. Immediately recognized as a landmark and long-overdue work of scholarship, Gulag is an essential book for anyone who wishes to understand the history of the twentieth century.
Book Synopsis Rethinking the Gulag by : Alan Barenberg
Download or read book Rethinking the Gulag written by Alan Barenberg and published by . This book was released on 2022-03 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Soviet gulag was one of the largest, most complex, and deadliest systems of incarceration in the 20th century. What lessons can we learn from these labor camps and prisons, which stretch across vast geographical expanses, varieties of institutions, and multiple languages, ethnicities, and social classes? Drawing on a massive body of documentary evidence, Rethinking the Gulag: Identities, Sources, Legacies explores all aspects of the Soviet penal system across academic fields. Divided into three sections, the collection first considers "identities"--the lived experiences of detainees whose experiences remain understudied. The second section, "sources," explores the ways new research methods can revolutionize our understanding of the system. The third section, "legacies," reveals the aftermath of the gulag, including the folk beliefs and traditions it has inspired and the museums built to memorialize it. While all chapters respond to one another, each section also concludes with a reaction by a leading pundit: geographer Judith Pallot, historian Lynne Viola, and literary scholar Alexander Etkind. Moving away from grand metaphorical or theoretical models, Rethinking the Gulag instead unearths the complexities and nuances of experience that define the new wave of gulag studies.
Download or read book Prisons 2000 written by Peter Francis and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-07-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of original articles from a number of the world's leading authorities on imprisonment. The aim of the book is to review the current state of imprisonment around the world and to look at possible future developments. The underlying theme of the book is that imprisonment is undergoing a significant change in a number of different countries and that there are important lessons which can be learned from the analysis of these changes. At the same time this book is perceived as a 'state of the art' collection which provides an informed and comprehensive analysis of the major aspects of imprisonment. Consequently the book should be of interest to a wide-ranging international audience of academic researchers and policy-makers as well as students.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Forced Labor by : Paul R. Gregory
Download or read book The Economics of Forced Labor written by Paul R. Gregory and published by Hoover Institution Press. This book was released on 2013-09-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now, there has been little scholarly analysis of the Soviet Gulag as an economic, social, and political institution, primarily owing to a lack of data. This collection presents the results of years of research by Western and Russian scholars. The authors provide both broad overviews and specific case studies.
Book Synopsis Stalin's Gulag at War by : Wilson T. Bell
Download or read book Stalin's Gulag at War written by Wilson T. Bell and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stalin's Gulag at War places the Gulag within the story of the regional wartime mobilization of Western Siberia during the Second World War. Far from Moscow, Western Siberia was a key area for evacuated factories and for production in support of the war effort. Wilson T. Bell explores a diverse array of issues, including mass death, informal practices such as black markets, and the responses of prisoners and personnel to the war. The region's camps were never prioritized, and faced a constant struggle to mobilize for the war. Prisoners in these camps, however, engaged in such activities as sewing Red Army uniforms, manufacturing artillery shells, and constructing and working in major defense factories. The myriad responses of prisoners and personnel to the war reveal the Gulag as a complex system, but one that was closely tied to the local, regional, and national war effort, to the point where prisoners and non-prisoners frequently interacted. At non-priority camps, moreover, the area's many forced labour camps and colonies saw catastrophic death rates, often far exceeding official Gulag averages. Ultimately, prisoners played a tangible role in Soviet victory, but the cost was incredibly high, both in terms of the health and lives of the prisoners themselves, and in terms of Stalin's commitment to total, often violent, mobilization to achieve the goals of the Soviet state.
