The Split In Stalins Secretariat 1939 1948

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The Split in Stalin's Secretariat, 1939-1948

Author : Jonathan Harris
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739130145
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The Split in Stalin's Secretariat, 1939-1948 by : Jonathan Harris

Download or read book The Split in Stalin's Secretariat, 1939-1948 written by Jonathan Harris and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 1955-01-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jonathan Harris demonstrates that the leaders of Stalin's Secretariat clashed sharply over the nature of the Communist party's 'leadership' of the Soviet state in the period between 1939 and 1948. The term 'party leadership' is generally misunderstood; it does not refer to the activities of the party as a whole, but to the efforts of its full time officials (the 'inner party') to direct the activities of the members of the party who manned the Soviet state (the 'outer party'). This study argues that A. Zhdanov and G. Malenkov, the two junior Secretaries of the CC/VKP(B) who directed the two major bureaucratic divisions of the Secretariat for most of the period under review, supported diametrically opposed conceptions of the leadership to be provided by the party's officials. A. Zhdanov argued that they should give priority to the ideological education of all members of the party and should allow the Communists who manned the state considerable autonomy in their administration of the five-year plans. In direct contrast, G. Malenkov, who directed the cadres directorate for most of the period under review, had little sympathy for ideological education and urged party officials to engage in close and detailed direction of the Communists who directly administered the five-year plans. This study contends that it is possible to illustrate this never-ending conflict by a careful examination of the public discussion of this issue in the various publications controlled by the major divisions of the Secretariat. When examined in conjunction with recently published archival materials, it is possible to pinpoint the linkages between the leadership conflict within the Secretariat, the shifts in the ongoing public discussion, and Stalin's role as the final arbiter in the dispute.

Purity and Compromise in the Soviet Party-State

Author : Daniel Stotland
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498540635
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Purity and Compromise in the Soviet Party-State by : Daniel Stotland

Download or read book Purity and Compromise in the Soviet Party-State written by Daniel Stotland and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work offers new ways of conceptualizing the decision-making paradigm of the Soviet party-state that was defined by the persistent shortage of qualified manpower that afflicted the Russian elite. The traditional Russian problems of under administration, combined with the unique features of the Soviet political system, resulted in a dichotomy between practical and ideological demands. The WWII era, examined in this book, provides a microcosm of pressures facing the Kremlin and illustrates the cyclical nature of policy formation forced on it by the paradoxes of the system. As the party’s responsibilities expanded into specialized economic and military areas, political experts increasingly depended on the specialized professionals. These trends grew increased drastically during the war. An unexpected consequence of the party’s expansion into economic or military professions was the discovery that cooptation worked both ways and many party members become managers rather than ideological overseers. Throughout the existential crisis of the system—the war and its aftermath—the party would find itself in a fundamental conflict over its identity, challenged over its role both vis-a-vis the state and its own priorities. After an abortive attempt to reverse the wartime trends, a new paradigm was articulated by the party during the last five years of Stalin's reign. This resulted in the emergence of a new elite consensus which envisioned the party as integral and invasive economic actor. This shift in the party’s identity was the price of maintaining centralized political power and came at the expense of the focus on ideological purity. In the long term, however, the diminished role of ideology robbed the party of its core value system and steadily eroded its legitimizing and self-energizing power. Over time, the new consensus would undermine the very foundations of the party-state construct. Yet if the USSR was to survive as a modern, industrialized state, the accommodation with the technocrats was necessary. The contradiction between ideological and pragmatic aims was inherent to the system, and demanded an eventual choice between the long-term health of the state and that of the party.

Collective Leadership in Soviet Politics

Author : Graeme Gill
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319769626
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Collective Leadership in Soviet Politics by : Graeme Gill

Download or read book Collective Leadership in Soviet Politics written by Graeme Gill and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the way in which the top leadership in the Soviet Union changed over time from 1917 until the collapse of the country in 1991. Its principal focus is the tension between individual leadership and collective rule, and it charts how this played out over the life of the regime. The strategies used by the most prominent leader in each period – Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev and Gorbachev – to acquire and retain power are counterposed to the strategies used by the other oligarchs to protect themselves and sustain their positions. This is analyzed against the backdrop of the emergence of norms designed to structure oligarch politics. The book will appeal to students and scholars interested in the fields of political leadership, Soviet politics and Soviet history.

Rethinking the Russian Revolution as Historical Divide

Author : Matthias Neumann
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317359356
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking the Russian Revolution as Historical Divide by : Matthias Neumann

Download or read book Rethinking the Russian Revolution as Historical Divide written by Matthias Neumann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Russian Revolution of 1917 has often been presented as a complete break with the past, with everything which had gone before swept away, and all aspects of politics, economy, and society reformed and made new. Recently, however, historians have increasingly come to question this view, discovering that Tsarist Russia was much more entangled in the processes of modernisation, and that the new regime contained much more continuity than has previously been acknowledged. This book presents new research findings on a range of different aspects of Russian society, both showing how there was much change before 1917, and much continuity afterwards; and also going beyond this to show that the new Soviet regime established in the 1920s, with its vision of the New Soviet Person, was in fact based on a complicated mixture of new Soviet thinking and ideas developed before 1917 by a variety of non-Bolshevik movements.

Party Leadership under Stalin and Khrushchev

Author : Jonathan Harris
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498528392
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Party Leadership under Stalin and Khrushchev by : Jonathan Harris

Download or read book Party Leadership under Stalin and Khrushchev written by Jonathan Harris and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-09-15 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrates that the full time party officials of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) used the term “party leadership” to both disguise and signal their efforts to lead the Communists who manned the Soviet state. In 1946, Stalin had made the newly formed Council of Ministers of the USSR, led by its Bureau (Presidium) directly responsible for planning and administering the Soviet economy. As a result, the full time officials clashed constantly and publicly over the relative importance of their direct intervention in production as opposed to ideological education and personnel management in their efforts to provide “party leadership” of the state from 1946 until 1964. Zhdanov and Malenkov clashed over the issue until Zhdanov’s death in 1948 and Malenkov clashed with Khrushchev over the same issue from 1949 until Stalin’s death in 1953. This conflict became more explicit once Malenkov was named Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Khrushchev first secretary of the CC/CPSU in 1953 and continued until Malenkov’s ouster in 1955. Khrushchev clashed with Chairman Bulganin over the same issue from 1955 until 1958. Khrushchev’s decision to replace Bulganin as Chairman of the Council of Ministers not only complicated the discussion of party officials’ role but led to a series of extremely contradictory reforms. Khrushchev simultaneously bolstered party officials’ capacity to intervene directly in industrial production and strengthened the Council of Ministers’ control over the same process. The ensuring administrative confusion, when coupled with Khrushchev’s overt disdain for the ideological education of Communists helped to undermine his authority and led to the decision of his colleagues to oust him in 1964.

Stalin's Curse

Author : Robert Gellately
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307962350
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalin's Curse by : Robert Gellately

Download or read book Stalin's Curse written by Robert Gellately and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A chilling, riveting account based on newly released Russian documentation that reveals Joseph Stalin’s true motives—and the extent of his enduring commitment to expanding the Soviet empire—during the years in which he seemingly collaborated with Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and the capitalist West. At the Big Three conferences of World War II, Joseph Stalin persuasively played the role of a great world leader, whose primary concerns lay in international strategy and power politics, and not communist ideology. Now, using recently uncovered documents, Robert Gellately conclusively shows that, in fact, the dictator was biding his time, determined to establish Communist regimes across Europe and beyond. His actions during those years—and the poorly calculated responses to them from the West—set in motion what would eventually become the Cold War. Exciting, deeply engaging, and shrewdly perceptive, Stalin’s Curse is an unprecedented revelation of the sinister machinations of Stalin’s Kremlin.

Russia in the Twentieth Century

Author : David R. Marples
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317862287
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Russia in the Twentieth Century by : David R. Marples

Download or read book Russia in the Twentieth Century written by David R. Marples and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of Russia, as the natural successor to the Soviet Union, is of crucial importance to understanding why communism ultimately lost out to Western democracy and the free market system. David Marples presents a balanced overview of 20th century Russian history and shows that although contemporary Russia has retained many of the practices and memories of the Soviet period, it is not about to revert back to the Soviet example.

Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories

Author : Michael Butter
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429840586
Total Pages : 1090 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories by : Michael Butter

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories written by Michael Butter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-17 with total page 1090 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a global and interdisciplinary approach, the Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories provides a comprehensive overview of conspiracy theories as an important social, cultural and political phenomenon in contemporary life. This handbook provides the most complete analysis of the phenomenon to date. It analyses conspiracy theories from a variety of perspectives, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. It maps out the key debates, and includes chapters on the historical origins of conspiracy theories, as well as their political significance in a broad range of countries and regions. Other chapters consider the psychology and the sociology of conspiracy beliefs, in addition to their changing cultural forms, functions and modes of transmission. This handbook examines where conspiracy theories come from, who believes in them and what their consequences are. This book presents an important resource for students and scholars from a range of disciplines interested in the societal and political impact of conspiracy theories, including Area Studies, Anthropology, History, Media and Cultural Studies, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology.

Grand Theater

Author : Larry E. Holmes
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739135937
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Grand Theater by : Larry E. Holmes

Download or read book Grand Theater written by Larry E. Holmes and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2009-06-16 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grand Theater examines bureaucracy not as a readily identifiable structure but rather as a process of day-to-day operation. Thus it is concerned with how agencies of both the communist party and the state apparatus not only implemented directives from above but also responded to perceived successes and failures, chose to produce, share, and conceal information, and reacted when common citizens injected themselves into governance by making demands and complaints. It concentrates on the 1930s as a seminal period when Stalin's regime established a hypercentralized system that dominated the Soviet Union until its collapse and the Russian Federation since then. It also focuses on the administration of schools as the primary window through which to examine governance because of the importance of education to Soviet authorities, most notably Stalin himself, and the accessibility of archival documents in this field, one not classified as particularly sensitive. Grand Theater provides novel insights into the functioning of Stalinist bureaucracy, brings to the forefront a new understanding of center-periphery relations, and reveals the important role of individuals in what has heretofore been largely regarded, when beyond the Kremlin's inner circle, as a highly impersonal system. It also examines in unprecedented ways the reciprocal relationship between ideology and policy formation, on the one hand, and actual administrative practices, on the other, a relationship that more often than not had negative and dysfunctional consequences for both the governed and governing. Holmes argues that the Soviet administrative system during the 1930s was much like grand theater. The documents produced for and by that system were the script for a discursive theatrical reality that inspired neither a careful appraisal of problems nor a dispassionate search for workable solutions.

Practicing Stalinism

Author : J. Arch Getty
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 030019885X
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Practicing Stalinism by : J. Arch Getty

Download or read book Practicing Stalinism written by J. Arch Getty and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-28 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In old Russia, patron/client relations, "clan" politics, and a variety of other informal practices spanned the centuries. Government was understood to be patrimonial and personal rather than legal, and office holding was far less important than proximity to patrons. Working from heretofore unused documents from the Communist archives, J. Arch Getty shows how these political practices and traditions from old Russia have persisted throughout the twentieth-century Soviet Union and down to the present day. Getty examines a number of case studies of political practices in the Stalin era and after. These include cults of personality, the transformation of Old Bolsheviks into noble grandees, the Communist Party's personnel selection system, and the rise of political clans ("family circles") after the 1917 Revolutions. Stalin's conflicts with these clans, and his eventual destruction of them, were key elements of the Great Purges of the 1930s. But although Stalin could destroy the competing clans, he could not destroy the historically embedded patron-client relationship, as a final chapter on political practice under Putin shows.

Russia

Author : John M. Thompson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429977158
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Russia by : John M. Thompson

Download or read book Russia written by John M. Thompson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lucid account of Russian and Soviet history presents major trends and events from ancient Kievan Rus' to Vladimir Putin's presidency in the twenty-first century. Russia does not shy away from controversial topics, including the impact of the Mongol conquest, the paradoxes of Peter the Great, the "inevitability" of the 1917 Revolution, the Stalinist terror, and the Gorbachev reform effort. Tackling those topics and others, the new edition is updated to discuss the Russia-Georgia war of 2008, the 2013-2014 Euromaidan protests in Ukraine, the war in eastern Ukraine, and the Russian annexation of Crimea. Distinguished by its brevity and amply supplemented with useful images and suggested readings, this essential text provides balanced coverage of all periods of Russian history and incorporates economic, social, and cultural developments as well as politics and foreign policy.

With Stalin against Tito

Author : Ivo Banac
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 150172083X
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis With Stalin against Tito by : Ivo Banac

Download or read book With Stalin against Tito written by Ivo Banac and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1948 in a series of moves that culminated in the famous Cominform Resolution, Stalin struck at the Communist Party in Yugoslavia, provoking the first split in the Communist state system. With this long-awaited book, Ivo Banac becomes the first scholar to assess the domestic consequences of Yugoslavia's expulsion from the Cominform, and his findings will radically revise some of our most basic assumptions about Tito's revolution. Banac's subject is the nature and fate of those elements in the Yugoslav Communist party who were said to have sided with Moscow against their own country's leadership. He demonstrates that the so-called Cominformists represented as much as twenty-percent of the party membership and had widely divergent aims. He then reconstructs the history of the labrynthine factional struggles that preceded and accompanied the 1948 split and shows that, as always, the national question played the dominant role in Yugoslav politics. After identifying the members of the opposition and mapping its course, Banac recounts the harsh repression of the movement. He provides massive documentation of startling irony: the conflict with Stalin played the same part in the shaping of Yugoslavia's political system as the collectivization and purges of the 1930's did in the history of Soviet communism.

The Development of Capitalism in Russia

Author : Vladimir I. Lenin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781410213006
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Development of Capitalism in Russia by : Vladimir I. Lenin

Download or read book The Development of Capitalism in Russia written by Vladimir I. Lenin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONTENTS The Development of Capitalism in Russia The Theoretical Mistakes of the Narodnik Economists The Differentiation of the Peasantry The Landowners' Transition from Corvée to Capitalist Economy The Growth of Commercial Agriculture The First Stages of Capitalism in Industry Capitalist Manufacture and Capitalist Domestic Industry The Development of Large-Scale Machine Industry The Formation of the Home Market

The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933-1949

Author : Georgi Dimitrov
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300133855
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933-1949 by : Georgi Dimitrov

Download or read book The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933-1949 written by Georgi Dimitrov and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Georgi Dimitrov (1882–1949) was a high-ranking Bulgarian and Soviet official, one of the most prominent leaders of the international Communist movement and a trusted member of Stalin’s inner circle. Accused by the Nazis of setting the Reichstag fire in 1933, he successfully defended himself at the Leipzig Trial and thereby became an international symbol of resistance to Nazism. Stalin appointed him head of the Communist International (Comintern) in 1935, and he held this position until the Comintern’s dissolution in 1943. After the end of the Second World War, Dimitrov returned to Bulgaria and became its first Communist premier. During the years between 1933 and his death in 1949, Dimitrov kept a diary that described his tumultuous career and revealed much about the inner working of the international Communist organizations, the opinions and actions of the Soviet leadership, and the Soviet Union’s role in shaping the postwar Eastern Europe. This important document, edited and introduced by renowned historian Ivo Banac, is now available for the first time in English. It is an essential source for information about international Communism, Stalin and Soviet policy, and the origins of the Cold War.

To Save a City

Author : Roger G. Miller
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781603440905
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis To Save a City by : Roger G. Miller

Download or read book To Save a City written by Roger G. Miller and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-21 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following World War II, the Soviet Union drew an Iron Curtain across Europe, crowning its efforts with a blockade of West Berlin in a desperate effort to prevent the creation of an independent, democratic West Germany. The United States and Great Britain, aided by France, responded with a daring air logistical operation that in fifteen months delivered almost three million tons of coal, food, and other necessities to the people of Berlin. Now, drawing on rare U.S. Air Force files, recently declassified documents from the National Archives, records released since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the memories of airlift veterans themselves, Roger G. Miller provides an original study of the Berlin Airlift. The Berlin Airlift was an enterprise of epic proportions that demonstrated the power of air logistics as a political instrument. What began as a hastily organized operation by a small number of warweary cargo airplanes evolved into an intricate bridge of aircraft that flowed in and out of Berlin through narrow air corridors. Hour after hour, day after day, week after week, a stream of airplanes delivered everything from food and medicine to coal and candy in defiance of breakdowns, inclement weather, and Soviet hostility. And beyond the airlift itself, a complex system of transportation, maintenance, and supply stretching around the world sustained operations. Historians, veterans, and general readers will welcome this history of the first Western victory of the Cold War. Maps, diagrams, and more than forty photographs illustrate the mechanical inner workings and the human faces that made that triumph possible.

Letters from Prague

Author : Eleanor Wheeler
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110690543
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Letters from Prague by : Eleanor Wheeler

Download or read book Letters from Prague written by Eleanor Wheeler and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-11-07 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eleanor M. Wheeler, a correspondent for the Religious News Service, wrote letters from Prague to her friends in the USA from 1947 to 1957. Her husband, George Shaw Wheeler, was a colonel in the US Army and the chief of the de-Nazification section of the Manpower Division of the Office of the Military Government (OMGUS). While in Germany in 1946, Wheeler’s contract was not renewed, mainly due to suspicions that he was disloyal to the US government and had connections to the communist movement. Afterwards the entire family moved to Prague, where in 1951 they applied for political asylum. The correspondence depicts ten years of life in Czechoslovakia—from the rise of communism through high Stalinism to the de-Stalinization of the country—from the perspective of pro-Communist–minded Americans. Thematically, the correspondence covers a wide range of political, cultural, and social topics, including the Cold War, the Korean War, the role of Christians in mediating dialogue between East and West, McCarthyism, and topics focused on the internal politics of Czechoslovakia.

Dimitrov and Stalin

Author : Georgi Dimitrov
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300080212
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Dimitrov and Stalin by : Georgi Dimitrov

Download or read book Dimitrov and Stalin written by Georgi Dimitrov and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bulgarian Georgi Dimitrov, Stalin's close confidant and trusted ally, served as secretary general of the Communist International (Comintern) from 1934 to its dissolution in 1943. In this collection of more than fifty top-secret letters, the real workings of the Comintern emerge clearly for the first time. Drawn from classified Soviet archives only recently opened to Russian and American scholars, these letters offer unique insights into Soviet foreign policy and Stalin's attitudes and intentions while the Great Terror of the 1930s was in progress and in the years leading up to the Second World War. Annotated by the editors to provide the historical context in which these letters were written, the collection is vivid and startlingly significant. The letters confirm the complete dependence of the Comintern on the Kremlin, while also exposing bureaucratic maneuvering, backbiting, and jockeying for influence. These messages cast much light on the Soviet confusion about policies toward foreign Communist parties, and they uncover the extent to which Stalin shaped the Comintern. Stalin's perspectives on America, French communism, and the Spanish Civil War are recorded, as are his differences with Mao Zedong and with Marshal Tito at important turning points. With the publication of these letters, the history of twentieth-century communism gains authentic evidence about a critical decade.