The Spirit Of The Soil Or An Account Of Nitrogen Fixation In The Soil By Bacteria And Of The Production Of Auximones In Bacterized Peat Classic Reprint

Author : John J. Putnam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781330557266
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (572 download)

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Download or read book The Bacteria of Nebraska Soil written by John J. Putnam and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-02 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Bacteria of Nebraska Soil: With Special Reference to the Fixation of Nitrogen, Ammonification, Denitrification in Non-Protein Media; Including Observations on the Reduction of Nitrates by Soil Bacteria in General; February 20, 1913 Of great importance is the fact determined by Winogradsky that the numerous species of the group of nitrifying bacteria may be classified into two sharply divided sub-groups: Nitroso-bacteria and Nitro-bacteria. The nitroso-bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrous acid, while the nitro-bacteria lack the faculty of attacking ammonia, but perform the important task of converting nitrous acid into nitric acid. We are indebted to E. Marchel for proving that the faculty of eliminating ammonia from albuminoids is common to many fungi. The potency of the different species was found by him to vary, the largest quantity being produced by Bacillus mycoides. The first researches along the line of denitrification were undertaken by Jules Reiset in 1854 and 1855. He asserted that free nitrogen was always evolved during the decomposition of manure. Denitrification in arable soil was first noticed by Gappelsroder in 1862, and was long regarded as a purely chemical process. The first reference to the agency of bacteria in this decomposition was made by E. Mensel in 1875, and the earliest pure cultures of such organisms were obtained by U. Gayon and G. Dupetit in 1882. In succeeding years a large number of species, all capable of reducing nitrates, was made known. In 1888, P. Frankland was able to associate with the group in question 17 out of 32 species, and R. Warington 16 out of 25 species examined. A. Maassen, in 1902, found that out of 109 species, 85 were able to perform this function. But few of the organisms which have been observed to reduce nitrates to nitrites in pure culture, are able to continue the reduction to the liberation of free nitrogen. For an inquiry into the various functions performed by soil bacteria in general and with reference to the factors concerned in the fixation of nitrogen by azotobacter, ammonification, reduction of nitrates and denitrification, in particular, seventy samples of soil were taken. These soils comprise perhaps all of the various types within our borders, with the possible exception of the alkali tracts which are interspersed over the western half of our state. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.