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The Search For Efficiency In The Adjustment Process
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Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :9781557750099 Total Pages :56 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (5 download)
Book Synopsis Search for Efficiency in the Adjustment Process by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Search for Efficiency in the Adjustment Process written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-02-26 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the main features of Spain's recent adjustment effort and assesses its impact on the overall economic situation. It provides a brief historical background on Spain's economic development from 1960 to the early 1980s. The chapter also discusses the authorities' stance on monetary and fiscal policy and examines the role of exchange rate policy in the recovery of the external accounts. The progress in the fiscal area would appear to have been less satisfactory when viewed in terms of the size of the nonfinancial deficit, which over 1982–1986 hovered about 5.5 percent of gross domestic product. The government's medium-term economic strategy is to consolidate the recent gains by maintaining the economy on a path of noninflation growth. Monetary policy is likely to continue to play an active role in this process, as was made clear in early 1987 when the Bank of Spain tightened its stance significantly in response to the buoyancy of domestic demand and the concomitant expansion of private sector credit.
Book Synopsis The Search for Efficiency in the Adjustment Process by : A. Lopez-Claros
Download or read book The Search for Efficiency in the Adjustment Process written by A. Lopez-Claros and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Left's Dirty Job by : W. Rand Smith
Download or read book The Left's Dirty Job written by W. Rand Smith and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Left's Dirty Job compares the experiences of recent socialist governments in France and Spain, examining how the governments of Francois Mitterrand (1981-1995) and Felipe Gonzalez (1982-1996) provide a key test of whether a leftist approach to industrial restructuring is possible. This study argues that, in fact, both governments's policies generally resembled those of other European governments in their emphasis on market-adapting measures that eliminated thousands of jobs while providing income support for displaced workers. Featuring extensive field work and interviews with over one hundred political, labor, and business leaders, this study is the first systematic comparison of these important socialist governments.
Book Synopsis Currency Convertibility and the Transformation of Centrally Planned Economies by : Mr.Joshua E. Greene
Download or read book Currency Convertibility and the Transformation of Centrally Planned Economies written by Mr.Joshua E. Greene and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-03-15 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the problems in establishing currency convertibility- and the optimal timing- in formerly planned economies making the transition to market-oriented systems.
Book Synopsis Methodologies of Pattern Recognition by : Satosi Watanabe
Download or read book Methodologies of Pattern Recognition written by Satosi Watanabe and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodologies of Pattern Recognition is a collection of papers that deals with the two approaches to pattern recognition (geometrical and structural), the Robbins-Monro procedures, and the implications of interactive graphic computers for pattern recognition methodology. Some papers describe non-supervised learning in statistical pattern recognition, parallel computation in pattern recognition, and statistical analysis as a tool to make patterns emerge from data. One paper points out the importance of cluster processing in visual perception in which proximate points of similar brightness values form clusters. At higher levels of mental activity humans are efficient in clumping complex items into clusters. Another paper suggests a recognition method which combines versatility and an efficient noise-proofness in dealing with the two main problems in the field of recognition. These difficulties are the presence of a large variety of observed signals and the presence of interference. One paper reports on a possible feature selection for pattern recognition systems employing the minimization of population entropy. Electronic engineers, physicists, physiologists, psychologists, logicians, mathematicians, and philosophers will find great rewards in reading the above collection.
Book Synopsis Shaping Competitive Advantages by : Wolfgang Hillebrand
Download or read book Shaping Competitive Advantages written by Wolfgang Hillebrand and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work takes a look at the governance patterns and management concepts adopted in leading OECD countries and advanced developing countries (ADCs) such as Korea.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :9781557750167 Total Pages :84 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Measurement of Fiscal Impact by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Measurement of Fiscal Impact written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-06-16 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes methodological issues pertaining to measurement of fiscal impact. The fiscal deficit is, under any circumstances, a crude tool for assessing the impact of fiscal policy on the economy. This paper also analyzes various ways in which the conventional definition of the fiscal deficit is affected by high rates of inflation. It has shown that, as the rate of inflation rises, the picture emerging from the conventional measure may, under certain circumstances, become somewhat blurred since the conventional measure may magnify the size of the fiscal adjustment that a country need. In fact, the size of the debt service that compensates bondholders for the reduction in the real value of their assets arising from inflation should be made explicit so as to indicate that part of the deficit whose impact depends mainly on portfolio decisions regarding the public's demand for government bonds, and on the potential effects of these bonds on the monetary and liquidity conditions of the economy.
Book Synopsis Specificity and the Macroeconomics of Restructuring by : Ricardo J. Caballero
Download or read book Specificity and the Macroeconomics of Restructuring written by Ricardo J. Caballero and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal that the notion of specificity -- the idea that factors of production are not interchangeable -- can provide a unified framework to analyze and understand a wide variety of macroeconomic phenomena stemming from the transactional environment and microeconomic restructuring. The core mechanism that drives economic growth in modern market economies is massive microeconomic restructuring and factor reallocation -- the Schumpeterian "creative destruction" by which new technologies replace the old. At the microeconomic level, restructuring is characterized by countless decisions to create and destroy production arrangements. The efficiency of these decisions depends in large part on the existence of sound institutions that provide a proper transactional environment. In this groundbreaking book, Ricardo Caballero proposes a unified framework to analyze and understand a wide variety of macroeconomic phenomena stemming from limitations, especially institutional, that hinder these adjustments. Caballero argues that macroeconomic models need to be made more "structural" in a precise sense and can not be maintained on the assumption that decisions are fully flexible. What is needed, he proposes, is the notion of specificity -- the idea that factors of production are not freely interchangeable. Many of the major macroeconomic developments of recent decades, he argues, fit naturally into this perspective, including the transition problems of Eastern Europe, the heavy weight of labor regulations in Western Europe, the emerging market crises of the 1990s, the prolonged expansion of the U.S. economy, and Japan's stagnation following the collapse of its real estate bubble. After describing the basic arguments of the book and developing models to illustrate two different kinds of specificity (relationship specificity and technological specificity), Caballero analyzes a variety of aspects of inefficient restructuring and revisits perennial business cycle patterns such as the cyclical behavior of unemployment, investment, and wages. Finally, he looks at the endogenous response of political institutions and technology to opportunistic exploitation of relationship specificity. Economists working on macroeconomics, development, growth, labor, and productivity issues will find Caballero's conceptual framework applicable to phenomena in their fields.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy, Economic Adjustment, and Financial Markets by : Mr.Mario Monti
Download or read book Fiscal Policy, Economic Adjustment, and Financial Markets written by Mr.Mario Monti and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1989-06-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by Mario Monti, this volume contains the proceedings of a seminar that was held in Milan at the Centre for Financial and Monetary Economics, Universitá Luigi Bocconi. Participants included government officials, academicians, and economists; they provide a many-faceted view of fiscal policy at the domestic level and in the broader context of international policy coordination.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :9781557750174 Total Pages :66 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Policies for Developing Foreign Exchange Markets; Occ. Paper No. 60 by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Policies for Developing Foreign Exchange Markets; Occ. Paper No. 60 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-06-16 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes and analyzes forward market systems with varying degrees of sophistication, and it assesses them from the viewpoint of a smaller industrial or developing country asking itself how it could institute such a system, or how it could further develop an existing system in a way consistent with its institutional and macroeconomic structure. All industrial countries except Iceland now have forward exchange markets in which the rate is determined by the market. Forward markets that have been liberalized in several countries in the 1980s have matured quickly. There are several variants of market-determined systems which could be envisaged. An auction market could be devised for forward transactions, but is unlikely to be practical, because the supply of forward exchange probably may not be determined in advance sufficiently accurately. As the last stage of its development, the market could be extended from underlying commercial transactions to forward transactions of a purely financial character, a process that is taking place in most of the few industrial countries that have retained regulated forward systems. Development of a forward market is not a panacea for incorrect financial policies. In fact, cultivation of the market will require the adoption and maintenance of realistic financial policies.
Book Synopsis Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering by : Hsiang-Chuan Liu
Download or read book Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering written by Hsiang-Chuan Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume brings together some 189 peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering, held 27-28 August 2013, in Hong Kong, China. Specific topics under consideration include Control, Robotics, and Automation, Information Technology, Intelligent Computing and
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Policy in Developing Countries by : Mr.Mohsin S. Khan
Download or read book Exchange Rate Policy in Developing Countries written by Mr.Mohsin S. Khan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-05-15 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper addresses analytical aspects of exchange rate policy and emphasizes the relationship among exchange rate flexibility, financial discipline, and international competitiveness.
Book Synopsis Annual Report of the Executive Directors for the Fiscal Year by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Annual Report of the Executive Directors for the Fiscal Year written by International Monetary Fund and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics by :
Download or read book Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consumer Optimization Problem Solving by : Alfred L Norman
Download or read book Consumer Optimization Problem Solving written by Alfred L Norman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What algorithms are tractable depends on the speed of the processor. Given the speed of digital computers, polynomial algorithms are considered tractable. But, a human can take several seconds to make one binary comparison between two pens. Given this slow speed, sublinear algorithms are considered tractable for an unaided human and this defines Simon's concept of bounded rationality.Humans make simplifications to solve the intractable consumer optimization problem. Consumers search for goods and services item-by-item, which greatly reduces the number of alternatives to consider. In addition, consumers have operators that can process a set in a single operation. Also, consumers budget by incremental adjustment.In considering consumer performance the question to ask is how close to optimal is consumer performance and not whether consumers optimize as a yes/no question. Given the ordinal nature of utility theory this creates a basic measurement problem. The book presents a review of the literature on consumer performance.This is an opportune time to study consumer procedures because the Internet provides a media to make substantial improvements in consumer performance. The book includes a case study comparing the performance of a digital camera selection code with the advice of sales people. A field experiment demonstrates that the software code provides better advice.
Download or read book The Cumulative Book Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 2152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Information Processing by : Chu Kiong Loo
Download or read book Neural Information Processing written by Chu Kiong Loo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three volume set LNCS 8834, LNCS 8835, and LNCS 8836 constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2014, held in Kuching, Malaysia, in November 2014. The 231 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 375 submissions. The selected papers cover major topics of theoretical research, empirical study, and applications of neural information processing research. The 3 volumes represent topical sections containing articles on cognitive science, neural networks and learning systems, theory and design, applications, kernel and statistical methods, evolutionary computation and hybrid intelligent systems, signal and image processing, and special sessions intelligent systems for supporting decision, making processes, theories and applications, cognitive robotics, and learning systems for social network and web mining.
