The Roots Of Reason

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The Roots of Reason

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191516082
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Reason by : David Papineau

Download or read book The Roots of Reason written by David Papineau and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems. Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends the radical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.

The Dialogical Roots of Deduction

Author : Catarina Dutilh Novaes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110847988X
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dialogical Roots of Deduction by : Catarina Dutilh Novaes

Download or read book The Dialogical Roots of Deduction written by Catarina Dutilh Novaes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive account of the concept and practices of deduction covering philosophy, history, cognition and mathematical practice.

The Roots of Reason

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199288717
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (887 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Reason by : David Papineau

Download or read book The Roots of Reason written by David Papineau and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems.Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends theradical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics.By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.

The Roots of Evil

Author : John Kekes
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801471303
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Evil by : John Kekes

Download or read book The Roots of Evil written by John Kekes and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Evil is the most serious of our moral problems. All over the world cruelty, greed, prejudice, and fanaticism ruin the lives of countless victims. Outrage provokes outrage. Millions nurture seething hatred of real or imagined enemies, revealing savage and destructive tendencies in human nature. Understanding this challenges our optimistic illusions about the effectiveness of reason and morality in bettering human lives. But abandoning these illusions is vitally important because they are obstacles to countering the threat of evil. The aim of this book is to explain why people act in these ways and what can be done about it."—John Kekes The first part of this book is a detailed discussion of six horrible cases of evil: the Albigensian Crusade of about 1210; Robespierre's Terror of 1793–94; Franz Stangl, who commanded a Nazi death camp in 1943–44; the 1969 murders committed by Charles Manson and his "family"; the "dirty war" conducted by the Argentinean military dictatorship of the late 1970s; and the activities of a psychopath named John Allen, who recorded reminiscences in 1975. John Kekes includes these examples not out of sensationalism, but rather to underline the need to hold vividly in our minds just what evil is. The second part shows why, in Kekes's view, explanations of evil inspired by Christianity and the Enlightenment fail to account for these cases and then provides an original explanation of evil in general and of these instances of it in particular.

On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Open Court Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780875482019
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by : Arthur Schopenhauer

Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Open Court Publishing. This book was released on 1974 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Schopenhauer's analyses of causation and related concepts . . . rival and probably surpass in their depth and brilliance the more celebrated discussions of David Hume. Where Hume grossly oversimplified these problems and left them riddled with paradoxes, Schopenhauer disentangled them and shed light on what had seemed hopelessly dark." --Richard Taylor, University of Rochester

On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by : Arthur Schopenhauer

Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reason and Less

Author : Vinod Goel
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262045478
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Reason and Less by : Vinod Goel

Download or read book Reason and Less written by Vinod Goel and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-02-08 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, biologically driven model of human behavior in which reason is tethered to the evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. In Reason and Less, Vinod Goel explains the workings of the tethered mind. Reason does not float on top of our biology but is tethered to evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. After describing the conceptual and neuroanatomical basis of each system, Goel shows how they interact to generate a blended response. Goel’s commonsense account drives human behavior back into the biology, where it belongs, and provides a richer set of tools for understanding how we pursue food, sex, and politics. Goel takes the reader on a journey through psychology (cognitive, behavioral, developmental, and evolutionary), neuroscience, philosophy, ethology, economics, and political science to explain the workings of the tethered mind. One key insight that holds everything together is that feelings—generated in old, widely conserved brain stem structures—are evolution’s solution to initiating and selecting all behaviors, and provide the common currency for the different systems to interact. Reason is as much about feelings as are lust and the taste of chocolate cake. All systems contribute to behavior and the overall control structure is one that maximizes pleasure and minimizes displeasure. Tethered rationality has some sobering and challenging implications for such real-world human behaviors as climate change denial, Trumpism, racism, or sexism. They cannot be changed simply by targeting beliefs but will require more drastic measures, the nature of which depends on the specific behavior in question. Having an accurate model of human behavior is the crucial first step.

The Need for Roots

Author : Simone Weil
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000082792
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Need for Roots by : Simone Weil

Download or read book The Need for Roots written by Simone Weil and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hailed by Andre Gide as the patron saint of all outsiders, Simone Weil's short life was ample testimony to her beliefs. In 1942 she fled France along with her family, going firstly to America. She then moved back to London in order to work with de Gaulle. Published posthumously The Need for Roots was a direct result of this collaboration. Its purpose was to help rebuild France after the war. In this, her most famous book, Weil reflects on the importance of religious and political social structures in the life of the individual. She wrote that one of the basic obligations we have as human beings is to not let another suffer from hunger. Equally as important, however, is our duty towards our community: we may have declared various human rights, but we have overlooked the obligations and this has left us self-righteous and rootless. She could easily have been issuing a direct warning to us today, the citizens of Century 21.

Humanist Reason - a History. an Argument. a Plan

Author : Eric Hayot
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780231197854
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (978 download)

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Book Synopsis Humanist Reason - a History. an Argument. a Plan by : Eric Hayot

Download or read book Humanist Reason - a History. an Argument. a Plan written by Eric Hayot and published by . This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eric Hayot argues that it is time to make a positive case for what the humanities are and what they can become. Humanist Reason lays out a new vision that moves beyond traditional disciplines to demonstrate what the humanities can tell us about our world.

The Roots of Normativity

Author : Joseph Raz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192847007
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Normativity by : Joseph Raz

Download or read book The Roots of Normativity written by Joseph Raz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book concerns one of the most basic philosophical questions: the explanation of normativity in its many guises. It lays out succinctly the view of normativity that Raz has sought to develop over many decades and determines its contours through some of its applications. In a nutshell, it is the view that understanding normativity is understanding the roles and structures of normative reasons which, when they are reasons for actions, are based on values. The book aims also to clarify the ways in which normative reasons are made for rational beings like us. It brings the account of normativity to bear on many aspects of the lives of rational beings, most abstractly, their agency, more concretely their ability to form and maintain relationships, and live their lives as social beings with a sense of their identity"--

Primal Roots of American Philosophy

Author : Bruce Wilshire
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 9780271041322
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Primal Roots of American Philosophy by : Bruce Wilshire

Download or read book Primal Roots of American Philosophy written by Bruce Wilshire and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuing his quest to bring American philosophy back to its roots, Bruce Wilshire connects the work of such thinkers as Thoreau, Emerson, Dewey, and James with Native American beliefs and practices. His search is not for exact parallels, but rather for fundamental affinities between the equally &"organismic&" thought systems of indigenous peoples and classic American philosophers. Wilshire gives particular emphasis to the affinities between Black Elk&’s view of the hoop of the world and Emerson&’s notion of horizon, and also between a shaman&’s healing practices and James&’s ideas of pure experience, willingness to believe, and a pluralistic universe. As these connections come into focus, the book shows how European phenomenology was inspired and influenced by the classic American philosophers, whose own work reveals the inspiration and influence of indigenous thought. Wilshire&’s book also reveals how artificial are the walls that separate the sciences and the humanities in academia, and that separate Continental from Anglo-American thought within the single discipline of philosophy.

The Roots of Ethics

Author : Daniel Callahan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461333032
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Ethics by : Daniel Callahan

Download or read book The Roots of Ethics written by Daniel Callahan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OUR AGE IS CHARACTERIZED by an uncertainty about the na ture of moral obligations, about what one can hope for in an afterlife, and about the limits of human knowledge. These uncertainties were captured by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason, where he noted three basic human questions: what can we know, what ought we to do, and what can we hope for. Those questions and the uncer tainties about their answers still in great part define our cultural per spective. In particular, we are not clear about the foundations of ethics, or about their relationship to religion and to science. This volume brings together previously published essays that focus on these inter relationships and their uncertainties. It offers an attempt to sketch the interrelationship among three major intellectual efforts: determining moral obligations, the ultimate purpose and goals of man and the cosmos, and the nature of empirical reality. Though imperfect, it is an effort to frame the unity of the human condition, which is captured in part by ethics, in part by religion, and in part by the sciences. Put another way, this collection of essays springs from an attempt to see the unity of humans who engage in the diverse roles of valuers, be lievers, and knowers, while still remaining single, individual humans.

Madness and Civilization

Author : Michel Foucault
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307833100
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Madness and Civilization by : Michel Foucault

Download or read book Madness and Civilization written by Michel Foucault and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michel Foucault examines the archeology of madness in the West from 1500 to 1800 - from the late Middle Ages, when insanity was still considered part of everyday life and fools and lunatics walked the streets freely, to the time when such people began to be considered a threat, asylums were first built, and walls were erected between the "insane" and the rest of humanity.

Introduction, and Reason in common sense

Author : George Santayana
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction, and Reason in common sense by : George Santayana

Download or read book Introduction, and Reason in common sense written by George Santayana and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Roots of Religion

Author : Roger Trigg
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317016939
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Religion by : Roger Trigg

Download or read book The Roots of Religion written by Roger Trigg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-24 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cognitive science of religion is a new discipline that looks at the roots of religious belief in the cognitive architecture of the human mind. The Roots of Religion deals with the philosophical and theological implications of the cognitive science of religion which grounds religious belief in human cognitive structures: religious belief is ’natural’, in a way that even scientific thought is not. Does this new discipline support religious belief, undermine it, or is it, despite many claims, perhaps eventually neutral? This subject is of immense importance, particularly given the rise of the ’new atheism’. Philosophers and theologians from North America, UK and Australia, explore the alleged conflict between truth claims and examine the roots of religion in human nature. Is it less ’natural’ to be an atheist than to believe in God, or gods? On the other hand, if we can explain theism psychologically, have we explained it away. Can it still claim any truth? This book debates these and related issues.

A Glorious Liberty

Author : Damon Root
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1640122354
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis A Glorious Liberty by : Damon Root

Download or read book A Glorious Liberty written by Damon Root and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A review of Douglass's ideas about free labor and constitutional liberty in order to understand the origins and meanings of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, each of which grew out of the anti-slavery movement that Douglass did so much to shape"--

"The Bold Arcs of Salvation History"

Author : Maureen Junker-Kenny
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110746670
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis "The Bold Arcs of Salvation History" by : Maureen Junker-Kenny

Download or read book "The Bold Arcs of Salvation History" written by Maureen Junker-Kenny and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first in-depth treatment in English language of Habermas’s long-awaited work on religion, Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie, published in 2019. Charting the contingent origins and turning points of occidental thinking through to the current "postmetaphysical" stage, the two volumes provide striking insights into the intellectual streams and conflicts in which core components of modern self-understanding have been forged. The encounter of Greek metaphysics with biblical monotheism has led to a theology of history as salvation, expanding in bold arcs from Adam’s Fall to Christ and the Last Judgement. The reconstruction of key turns in the relationship between faith and knowledge ends, however, with locating the uniqueness of religion in "ritual" and defining reason as inherently secular. The book exposes the sources and trajectories, analysed by Habermas with great erudition, to different assessments in biblical studies, theology, and philosophy of subjectivity. Apart from Paul and Augustine, key lines of continuity are identified in the Gospels, early patristic theology, Duns Scotus and Schleiermacher that retain the internal connection of faith to autonomous freedom.