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The Roles Of Provenance And Phylogeny In Recruitment Community Assembly And Species Coexistence In Invaded California Grasslands
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Book Synopsis The Roles of Provenance and Phylogeny in Recruitment, Community Assembly, and Species Coexistence in Invaded California Grasslands by : Angela J. Brandt
Download or read book The Roles of Provenance and Phylogeny in Recruitment, Community Assembly, and Species Coexistence in Invaded California Grasslands written by Angela J. Brandt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological invasions pose one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, but many naturalized invaders coexist with the native community. Community ecology theory provides a framework for understanding the mechanisms by which invaders might coexist with native species or exclude them from the community, thus informing management practices to maximize their effectiveness at conserving native biodiversity. Differences in functional or phylogenetic similarity of invaders to native residents can affect invasion success and the probability they will coexist with natives. For example, functionally dissimilar species may not compete strongly and distantly related species may share fewer natural enemies. Furthermore, environmental heterogeneity can promote species coexistence by providing the opportunity for a greater number of coexistence mechanisms to operate, thereby mitigating the potential for species invasions to lead to native extinction. My thesis examines how provenance (i.e., native origin) and phylogenetic relatedness of plant species affect community dynamics and species interactions in the invaded California grasslands. To do this I have assembled two unique community data sets, one spanning 48 years across a 1000-ha site and one spanning 7 years along a 500-km latitudinal transect. I show that native and exotic species abundance and diversity is highly variable in both time and space, but these provenance group responses are rarely negatively correlated (Chapter 2). Thus, exotic species do not generally appear to exclude natives from communities. Long-term abundance patterns further suggest that the system remains in a state of transience, and populations of several native species are declining at local scales (Chapter 3). Recruitment limitation due to the build-up of plant litter associated with exotic grasses may be generally responsible for these declines, but habitat suitability, land-use history, and community composition also affect native recruitment. Across the grasslands, disturbance and resource supply can interact to affect both species and phylogenetic diversity (Chapter 4). Disturbance in particular can increase diversity, likely by increasing opportunities for colonization by removing plant litter that previously limited recruitment. Both phylogeny and provenance can also affect biotic interactions, such as with communities of soil organisms (Chapter 5). Thus, I have shown that spatio-temporal heterogeneity, alterations to the biotic environment mediated by exotic invasion, and phylogenetic relationships among species are all important considerations when evaluating impacts of invasion and designing management strategies to conserve native biodiversity, especially in light of anthropogenic influence on disturbance regimes and resource supply.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Phylogenetic and Functional Similarity on Species Coexistence Through Space and Time by :
Download or read book The Influence of Phylogenetic and Functional Similarity on Species Coexistence Through Space and Time written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of species diversity and co-existence in hyper-diverse communities remains. Traditionally ecologists have approached this problem from examining patterns of co-occurrence, interaction matrices and abundance distributions. This work, while productive, generally has rarely explored the role of shared ancestry and species-specific quantitative function in promoting species diversity and co-existence. This has been a critical oversight as simply analyzing the list of Latin binomials in an assemblage ignores the relatedness between taxa as well as the diversity in organismal form and function--the very information relevant to evolutionary, ecological, and historical hypotheses about the distribution of diversity and community assembly. The following research is designed to investigate the role of phylogenetic and functional similarity on species diversity and co-existence through space and time in diverse tropical tree communities. Specifically, I investigate: (i) the role of phylogenetic relatedness in determining community structure from very local to large regional spatial scales; (ii) the role of phylogeny in determining the structure of tree communities at different strategraphic levels in the canopy; (iii) the power of recently developed phylogenetic analyses to detect non-random patterns of co-existence in communities when the phylogenetic tree used is not completely resolved; (iv) the role of functional similarity in promoting co-existence in a Neotropical dry forest through space and across body sizes; (v) whether decadal long trends in forest composition can be explained on the basis of species-specific function; and (vi) variability in a key functional trait across New World forest communities and along the Angiosperm phylogeny.
Book Synopsis The Abundance, Origin and Phylogeny of Plants by : Robin Schmidt
Download or read book The Abundance, Origin and Phylogeny of Plants written by Robin Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2023* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enemy release hypothesis, exotic species, plant abundance, phylogenetic community context, plant-enemy interactions, temperate grasslands, pesticide application, equalizing & stabilizing mechanisms, species coexistence, negative frequency-dependence.
Book Synopsis Effect of Population Sources and Species Pools on Community Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity During Restoration by : Mohammed Ibrahim Khalil
Download or read book Effect of Population Sources and Species Pools on Community Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity During Restoration written by Mohammed Ibrahim Khalil and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phylogenetic and functional perspectives of community assembly can reveal new insights into how variation within dominant species interact with the local species pool to influence the structure of restored plant communities. Many studies have examined the effect of dominant species and species pools in structuring plant communities, but few have investigated their effects on phylogenetic and functional diversity. This research seeks to determine the effect of intraspecific genetic variation (population sources) and species pools on evolutionary relatedness of coexisting species and ecosystem functioning (such as productivity). The first study examined the importance of incorporating phylogenetic approach into restoration ecology to tease out the effect of population sources and species pools on community phylogenetic diversity (Chapter 2). This study was first study to show consequences of using different seed sources on phylogenetic diversity (PD) in grassland restoration. It showed that population sources had a transitory effect on community phylogenetic structure over time. Local ecotypes decreased the abundance of closely related eudicots, monocots and volunteer species more than cultivars. However, population sources did not affect ecologically conservative species (i.e. species with intermediate-to-poor ecological tolerance and a high degree of fidelity to prairie habitats). Thus, cultivars might have a positive effect on community phylogenetic diversity more than local ecotypes by decreasing the abundance of a phylogenetically diverse community of less closely related volunteer species. Differences in PD of seed mixes were maintained in the community of high-fidelity species, but did not affect PD of the unsown (volunteer) species in the assembling community. The second experiment showed the importance of functional diversity rather than phylogenetic diversity in monitoring population source and species pool effects (as biotic filters) in grassland restoration (Chapter 3). In this experiment, the establishing communities as well as the eudicots, Asteraceae and volunteers established with local ecotypes were functionally more diverse than when established with cultivars. By contrast, the exotic species established with cultivars were functionally more similar than when established with local ecotypes. Thus, local ecotypes might have a positive effect on community FD and species coexistence more so than cultivars. In addition, population sources had more contingent effects (i.e. interaction effects of population sources with species pools) when quantified as FD in eudicots, Asteraceae and volunteers than when measured as PD. Supplemental seeding of a functionally dissimilar species pool after four years led to an increase in FD among coexisting species. Population sources and species pools had more effects on continuous functional traits than on categorical traits. A weak phylogenetic signal in the functional traits and lack of relationship between FD and PD indicates that measuring PD alone without inclusion of functional traits may not adequately address factors affecting species coexistence. The third study investigates the effect of intraspecific trait variation in dominant species of cultivars and local ecotypes on intraspecific trait variability in subordinate species (Chapter 4). This experiment showed that cultivar sources of dominant species as well as some of the subordinate species established with them had higher functional trait values (especially leaf area and leaf nitrogen content) in comparison to when established with local ecotype sources of the dominant species. In addition, the functional relatedness among subordinate species established with local ecotypes was less (more functionally dissimilar) than among subordinate species established with cultivars. This study showed the importance of considering the phenotypic response of subordinate species to intraspecific trait variability of dominant species and species coexistence in community ecology. In addition, using local ecotype could increase form functional and phylogenetic diversity of restored communities more than cultivars. Thus, monitoring functional and phylogenetic diversity are useful tools in restoration ecology to understand the effect of biotic filters on community composition.
Book Synopsis Determinism Vs. Stochasticity in Community Assembly Processes by : Carlos Alberto Arnillas Merino
Download or read book Determinism Vs. Stochasticity in Community Assembly Processes written by Carlos Alberto Arnillas Merino and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deterministic or stochastic nature of the rules that regulate which species co-exist in a community has been long debated in ecology. This thesis aims to answer (1) if understanding the degree of determinism in the co-existence of species is more or less informative than other sources of uncertainty affecting regional biodiversity, (2) if biodiversity is important to understand ecosystem processes, and (3) if dominance and determinism are correlated. Using a landscape model I show that the degree of determinism or stochasticity (1) controls regional species richness, and (2) causes more uncertainty on species richness than land use change or climate change in the Tropical Andes. In herbaceous communities around the world, diversity is important to improve predictions of biomass productivity and litter accumulation mostly when the diversity and biomass descriptors of the communities were partitioned into legumes, forbs and graminoids. Graminoids, grasses and Carex, and one forb lineage were more likely to be dominant species than non-dominant, while more than a dozen forb lineages were more likely to be non-dominant species. The environment affected the dominant plants the most, increasing the role of habitat filtering, with a less common effect of limiting similarity; in contrast, non-dominant plants were mostly affected by limiting similarity among the non-dominants, but with no signal of habitat filtering. This pattern was observed in herbaceous systems using a local dominant removal experiment and a global observational dataset. The results show that dominant species are a more deterministic subset of species that converge towards a predictable optimum constrained by environmental conditions. In contrast, non-dominant species are better described as a diverging group of species, potentially with multiple optimums, and therefore with a less predictable response. Understanding the differences between dominant and non-dominants can improve models of ecosystem services that rely either on biomass accumulation or on diversity.
Book Synopsis Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. by : Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
Download or read book Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. written by Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 500 species distributed all around the Northern Hemisphere, the genus Quercus L. is a dominant element of a wide variety of habitats including temperate, tropical, subtropical and mediterranean forests and woodlands. As the fossil record reflects, oaks were usual from the Oligocene onwards, showing the high ability of the genus to colonize new and different habitats. Such diversity and ecological amplitude makes genus Quercus an excellent framework for comparative ecophysiological studies, allowing the analysis of many mechanisms that are found in different oaks at different level (leaf or stem). The combination of several morphological and physiological attributes defines the existence of different functional types within the genus, which are characteristic of specific phytoclimates. From a landscape perspective, oak forests and woodlands are threatened by many factors that can compromise their future: a limited regeneration, massive decline processes, mostly triggered by adverse climatic events or the competence with other broad-leaved trees and conifer species. The knowledge of all these facts can allow for a better management of the oak forests in the future.
Author :Society for Ecological Restoration International Publisher :Island Press ISBN 13 :1610916972 Total Pages :580 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (19 download)
Book Synopsis Foundations of Restoration Ecology by : Society for Ecological Restoration International
Download or read book Foundations of Restoration Ecology written by Society for Ecological Restoration International and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2016-11 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Society for Ecological Restoration"--Cover.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Phytoplankton by : C. S. Reynolds
Download or read book The Ecology of Phytoplankton written by C. S. Reynolds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important new book by Colin Reynolds covers the adaptations, physiology and population dynamics of phytoplankton communities. It provides basic information on composition, morphology and physiology of the main phyletic groups represented in marine and freshwater systems and in addition reviews recent advances in community ecology.
Book Synopsis High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World by : Jordi Catalan
Download or read book High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World written by Jordi Catalan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides case studies and general views of the main processes involved in the ecosystem shifts occurring in the high mountains and analyses the implications for nature conservation. Case studies from the Pyrenees are preponderant, with a comprehensive set of mountain ranges surrounded by highly populated lowland areas also being considered. The introductory and closing chapters will summarise the main challenges that nature conservation may face in mountain areas under the environmental shifting conditions. Further chapters put forward approaches from environmental geography, functional ecology, biogeography, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Organisms from microbes to large carnivores, and ecosystems from lakes to forest will be considered. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers in mountain ecosystems, students and nature professionals. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Book Synopsis Invasion Ecology by : Julie L. Lockwood
Download or read book Invasion Ecology written by Julie L. Lockwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-05 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Invasion Ecology provides a comprehensive and updated introduction to all aspects of biological invasion by non-native species. Highlighting important research findings associated with each stage of invasion, the book provides an overview of the invasion process from transportation patterns and causes of establishment success to ecological impacts, invader management, and post-invasion evolution. The authors have produced new chapters on predicting and preventing invasion, managing and eradicating invasive species, and invasion dynamics in a changing climate. Modern global trade and travel have led to unprecedented movement of non-native species by humans with unforeseen, interesting, and occasionally devastating consequences. Increasing recognition of the problems associated with invasion has led to a rapid growth in research into the dynamics of non-native species and their adverse effects on native biota and human economies. This book provides a synthesis of this fast growing field of research and is an essential text for undergraduate and graduate students in ecology and conservation management. Additional resources are available at www.wiley.com/go/invasionecology
Book Synopsis Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology by : Vicky M. Temperton
Download or read book Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology written by Vicky M. Temperton and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how ecosystems are assembled -- how the species that make up a particular biological community arrive in an area, survive, and interact with other species -- is key to successfully restoring degraded ecosystems. Yet little attention has been paid to the idea of assembly rules in ecological restoration, in both the scientific literature and in on-the-ground restoration efforts. Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology, edited by Vicky M. Temperton, Richard J. Hobbs, Tim Nuttle, and Stefan Halle, addresses that shortcoming, offering an introduction, overview, and synthesis of the potential role of assembly rules theory in restoration ecology. It brings together information and ideas relating to ecosystem assembly in a restoration context, and includes material from a wide geographic range and a variety of perspectives. Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology contributes new knowledge and ideas to the subjects of assembly rules and restoration ecology and represents an important summary of the current status of an emerging field. It combines theoretical and practical aspects of restoration, making it a vital compendium of information and ideas for restoration ecologists, professionals, and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Ecology and Conservation of Forest Birds by : Grzegorz Mikusiński
Download or read book Ecology and Conservation of Forest Birds written by Grzegorz Mikusiński and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative review of the ecology of forest birds and their conservation issues throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
Book Synopsis Seedling Ecology and Evolution by : Mary Allessio Leck
Download or read book Seedling Ecology and Evolution written by Mary Allessio Leck and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seedlings are highly sensitive to their environment. After seeds, they typically suffer the highest mortality of any life history stage. This book provides a comprehensive exploration of the seedling stage of the plant life cycle. It considers the importance of seedlings in plant communities; environmental factors with special impact on seedlings; the morphological and physiological diversity of seedlings including mycorrhizae; the relationship of the seedling with other life stages; seedling evolution; and seedlings in human altered ecosystems, including deserts, tropical rainforests, and habitat restoration projects. The diversity of seedlings is portrayed by including specialised groups like orchids, bromeliads, and parasitic and carnivorous plants. Discussions of physiology, morphology, evolution and ecology are brought together to focus on how and why seedlings are successful. This important text sets the stage for future research and is valuable to graduate students and researchers in plant ecology, botany, agriculture and conservation.
Book Synopsis Linking Species & Ecosystems by : Clive G. Jones
Download or read book Linking Species & Ecosystems written by Clive G. Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I was asked to introduce this volume by examining "why a knowledge of ecosys tem functioning can contribute to understanding species activities, dynamics, and assemblages." I have found it surprisingly difficult to address this topic. On the one hand, the answer is very simple and general: because all species live in ecosystems, they are part of and dependent on ecosystem processes. It is impossible to understand the abundance and distribution of populations and the species diversity and composition of communities without a knowledge of their abiotic and biotic environments and of the fluxes of energy and mat ter through the ecosystems of which they are a part. But everyone knows this. It is what ecology is all about (e.g., Likens, 1992). It is why the discipline has retained its integrity and thrived, despite a sometimes distressing degree of bickering and chauvinism among its various subdisciplines: physiological, be havioral, population, community, and ecosystem ecology.
Book Synopsis Repairing the Rainforest by : Stephen P. Goosem
Download or read book Repairing the Rainforest written by Stephen P. Goosem and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wet Tropics Management Authority and Biotropica Pty Ltd are delighted to present Repairing the Rainforest 2nd Edition, co-authored by Dr Steve Goosem and Nigel Tucker. The updated edition of the book maintains the essence of the hugely popular first edition published in 1995 by providing a practical guide to rainforest re-establishment whilst also delving into the principles behind the practice. Focusing primarily on the Wet Tropics region of Australia, Repairing the Rainforest highlights key ecological principles for restoring rainforest biodiversity and function. These include, among others, the vital role of animal seed-dispersers in rainforests and the traits of plants that help or hinder their dispersal. The book is a must for individuals and organisations involved in land care and rehabilitation of tropical forests. It is an informative hand book that provides valuable insight into the intriguing forests of the Wet Tropics and their successful restoration.
Download or read book Chaos in Ecology written by J. M. Cushing and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chaos in Ecology is a convincing demonstration of chaos in a biological population. The book synthesizes an ecologically focused interdisciplinary blend of non-linear dynamics theory, statistics, and experimentation yielding results of uncommon clarity and rigor. Topics include fundamental issues that are of general and widespread importance to population biology and ecology. Detailed descriptions are included of the mathematical, statistical, and experimental steps they used to explore nonlinear dynamics in ecology. Beginning with a brief overview of chaos theory and its implications for ecology. The book continues by deriving and rigorously testing a mathematical model that is closely wedded to biological mechanisms of their research organism. Therefrom were generated a variety of predictions that are fundamental to chaos theory and experiments were designed and analyzed to test those predictions. Discussion of patterns in chaos and how they can be investigated using real data follows and book ends with a discussion of the salient lessons learned from this research program Book jacket.
Book Synopsis Ex Situ Plant Conservation by : Center for Plant Conservation
Download or read book Ex Situ Plant Conservation written by Center for Plant Conservation and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faced with widespread and devastating loss of biodiversity in wild habitats, scientists have developed innovative strategies for studying and protecting targeted plant and animal species in "off-site" facilities such as botanic gardens and zoos. Such ex situ work is an increasingly important component of conservation and restoration efforts. Ex Situ Plant Conservation, edited by Edward O. Guerrant Jr., Kayri Havens, and Mike Maunder, is the first book to address integrated plant conservation strategies and to examine the scientific, technical, and strategic bases of the ex situ approach. The book examines where and how ex situ investment can best support in situ conservation. Ex Situ Plant Conservation outlines the role, value, and limits of ex situ conservation as well as updating best management practices for the field, and is an invaluable resource for plant conservation practitioners at botanic gardens, zoos, and other conservation organizations; students and faculty in conservation biology and related fields; managers of protected areas and other public and private lands; and policymakers and members of the international community concerned with species conservation.
