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The Role Of The Ocean In Global Cycling Of Persistent Organic Contaminants
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Book Synopsis The Role of the Ocean in Global Cycling of Persistent Organic Contaminants by : Irene Stemmler
Download or read book The Role of the Ocean in Global Cycling of Persistent Organic Contaminants written by Irene Stemmler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent organic contaminants, which are bioaccumulative and toxic are a concern for the ecosystems and human health and are regulated under international law (global and regional conventions, besides other). If semivolatile, they cycle in different environmental compartments and follow complex transport pathways. The ocean is believed to play a key role in the cycling by accumulating and storing the contaminant and providing a transport medium. But substance fate in the marine environment is not fully understood yet. Here, the global multicompartment chemistry-transport model MPI-MCTM is used to study the fate of organic pollutants in the marine and total environment. For the first time historical emission data are used in spatially-resolved long-term simulations of an insecticide, DDT, and an industrial chemical, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The model results give new insights into the cycling of these substances as different spatial and process resolutions were tested. E.g. for DDT the model results show saturation and reversal of air-sea exchange, which was not indicated by any other study before.
Book Synopsis Persistent Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Systems by : Tarek Othman Said
Download or read book Persistent Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Systems written by Tarek Othman Said and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addressed an in-depth comprehension of the classifications and characterizations of POPs, which have become global issues due to bioaccumulation, persistency, and toxicity. It represents the milestones of the development of pesticide application, industry, and management. Banned SC-POPs have special investigations. It discusses air-sea exchange, ocean currents, phase distribution, speciation, adsorption, desorption, and degradation as the key processes that control POP's fate. The book explores several aspects of POP chemistry that have a direct influence on their biochemical and toxicological consequences. The book illustrates the dynamic equilibriums influencing the proportion of a POP's gaseous, liquid, and solid phases. The book discussed POP migration by referring to the grasshopper effect. It also explores the impacts of climate change on emissions and the fate of POPs through a global-scale multimedia fate model. Additionally, it displays the impact of potential global change scenarios on POP bioaccumulation patterns. The book is directed at giving a deep discussion of the method's QA/QC process for POP determination and has verified the accuracy and precision of the procedures. As a distinctive point, it discusses many aspects concerning the toxicity of POPs. It reports mechanisms describing the toxicity of POPs on immune systems, carcinogenesis, endocrine, neural, and reproductive systems. The book keeps an eye on a model describing the global distribution and toxicity of PAHs. Among the exclusive points in the book is the evaluation of the recent ecological status in Egypt relative to POPs through a time-scale overview and recent case studies. It provides thematic literature related to DDC research in Africa through the WoS and Scopus databases from 1949 to 2021. The book emphasizes models for predicting the annual contribution rate of POPs as a way to raise public awareness about POPs. The greatest challenge for the book is how to motivate the audience to be aware of these hazardous materials in marine ecosystems. Moreover, this book will be of great interest to academics, professionals, practitioners, post-graduate students, and undergraduates because it gives a clear overview of POPs in the marine environment. It also provides decision-makers with a realistic perspective of the environmental file, allowing them to address environmental issues and directing stockholders to safer locations for environmental activity. From a future perspective, the regulation of pervasive POPs, with special reference to recently evaluated harmful substances (PFASs), has faced significant challenges in the wake of pressure from regulators.
Book Synopsis Assessment of the Sources, Atmospheric Fluxes, Environmental Cycling, Effects and Sinks of Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs by :
Download or read book Assessment of the Sources, Atmospheric Fluxes, Environmental Cycling, Effects and Sinks of Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biogeochemical Controls of the Transport and Cycling of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Polar Oceans by : Cristóbal Galbán Malagón
Download or read book Biogeochemical Controls of the Transport and Cycling of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Polar Oceans written by Cristóbal Galbán Malagón and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Managing Persistent Organic Pollutants in India by : Paromita Chakraborty
Download or read book Managing Persistent Organic Pollutants in India written by Paromita Chakraborty and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-12 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are a class of chemicals that are persistent, bio accumulative and toxic (PBT), which are restricted for use under the Stockholm Convention. They adversely impact the environment, human and animal health. Most of the POPs are semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and known to have a long-range transport potential and are often deposited in colder climate and found in places away from the regions they are produced. POPs are usually hydrophobic (i.e., “water-hating”) and lipophilic (i.e., “fat-loving”) chemicals, due to which they bind to solids, particularly organic matter, and fatty tissues in both marine and terrestrial environments. As a result, POPs may move up the food chain. This book focuses on determining the sources, fate, analytical techniques of detecting POPs as well as their health impacts. It further dwells on the regulatory aspects, management of POPs, best environmental practices (BEPs), Indian and international case studies, gaps in understanding the regulatory aspects. A few key recommendations for the way forward form the concluding chapters of this book.
Book Synopsis The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment by : Ebru Mehmetli
Download or read book The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment written by Ebru Mehmetli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-14 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a scientific approach to identify and take action against persistent organic pollutants (POPs), this book focuses on preventative measures to manage POPs at their source. Readers get a complete overview of existing POPs monitoring activities and programs. Moreover, readers discover the full range of remediation methods and the latest advances in the measurement of POPs. In addition, the authors discuss how POPs affect health.
Book Synopsis Coastal and Deep Ocean Pollution by : Andres Hugo Arias
Download or read book Coastal and Deep Ocean Pollution written by Andres Hugo Arias and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the recent decades, social, political and academic endeavours have been made to improve environmental quality and reduce pollution. In particular, the ocean, sea and coastal areas show varying degrees of impact from the multiple human activities carried out in the terrestrial as well as in the aquatic environment. Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between organisms and the surrounding environment and in the modern era, the marine world is getting increasing attention. For centuries it has been the final reservoir of human garbage; later it became an oil farm with a concomitant increase of coastal population growth and unplanned growth of the fishing industry and the increasing use of sea routes for cargo transport and recreational uses (cruises). All this led to rising contamination with negative effects on biota and even human health. It is then imperative to know the current situation of the world's oceans: that is the main purpose of this book, to document at a glance the latest research in the field of ocean pollution.
Book Synopsis Marine Pollution and Climate Change by : Andres Hugo Arias
Download or read book Marine Pollution and Climate Change written by Andres Hugo Arias and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a broad overview of pollution issues facing climatic, economic, and legal globalization. Topics include changes in oceans from ancient times to the present, the importance of marine currents and changing climates, marine pollution linked to climate change (fossil fuels, global carbon dioxide, heavy metals, pesticides, plastics, emerging pollutants, and marine debris), global shipping and species invasion, global climate change in the Arctic and Antarctic environments, and regulatory responses to mitigate pollution and climate change in oceans.
Book Synopsis Ocurrence, Transport and Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Global Ocean by :
Download or read book Ocurrence, Transport and Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Global Ocean written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Open Ocean has been recognized as playing a key role on global dynamics of pollutants due to its large coverage of the planet surface, its high degradation potential and its sink and accumulation capacities towards anthropogenic chemicals. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of measurements of contaminants in the Open Ocean lower atmosphere, water column and trophic chain as a result of its remoteness and wide spatial reach. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are an important class of chemical contaminants due to their particular characteristics such as persistency, bioaccumulation potential, high toxicity and long range environmental transport capacity. Even though previous studies report their occurrence in the marine environment, the processes and magnitude of their fate, transport and sinks in the Open Ocean remain uncharacterized. In this Thesis two groups of organic contaminants have been selected in order to study POPs dynamics and fate in the oceanic environment. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants generated during incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and organic matter, but as well coming from petrogenic and biogenic natural sources. PAHs are semivolatile and highly mobile between the atmosphere and aqueous systems. Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) are anthropogenic halogenated pollutants, recently developed for industrial and consumer goods usage. They are extremely persistent and exhibit higher solubility and lower hydrophobicity than most POPs, which makes them prone to be found in aqueous matrixes. During the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation cruise across the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans (35°N- 40°S), 64 PAHs were measured in the gas, aerosol, rainwater, dissolved, particulate and plankton matrixes, and 11 PFASs were quantified in dissolved phase at surface and deep chlorophyll maximum depth seawater. Degradation and atmospheric deposition of PAHs was assessed for dry deposition, wet deposition and diffusive air-water exchange, suggesting approaches for their global estimation, and proposing a global budget for PFAS, PAHs, and other semivolatile aromatic-like compounds, and their effect in the carbon global cycle. Dry deposition was obtained by direct measurements on board and parametrized for the whole tropical and subtropical Ocean; wet deposition was quantified from the precipitation rainwater gathered during the cruise; and diffusive exchange was calculated from the measured PAHs concentrations in the gas and dissolved phases, concurrently with the environmental parameters affecting volatilization and absorption (temperature, wind speed, salinity, dissolved organic carbon among others). Moreover, vertical distribution processes and influencing parameters in the surface mixed layer of the water column were assessed for PAHs and PFASs. Processes evaluated for PAHs include the vertical fluxes associated to the organic matter sinking (biological pump), biomass dilution, planktonic degradation, and air-water-particle exchange. For PFASs, the biological pump and eddy diffusive fluxes (based on turbulence eddy diffusion coefficients measured concurrently to the PFASs sampling) were assessed empirically for the first time in literature. The analysis of the complex feedback established between atmospheric depositional fluxes and the diffusive, degradative and biological pumps fluxes in the marine water column at a global scale is also covered. Furthermore, a wide array of understudied environmental parameters are reviewed as plausible factors affecting POPs fate in the Open Ocean, and a proposal of the research directions to follow and missing gaps to be filled is done. Amongst the innovative outcomes of this study, it can be highlighted the comprehensive sampling covering the tropical and subtropical global oceans, and the large amount of experimentally determined processes and influencing factors in order to better understand the global fate of chemical organic pollutants in the Open Ocean.
Book Synopsis Persistent Organic Pollutants and Toxic Metals in Foods by : Martin Rose
Download or read book Persistent Organic Pollutants and Toxic Metals in Foods written by Martin Rose and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic elements, such as dioxins, flame retardants, lead and mercury, are substances of major concern for the food industry, the regulator and the public. They persist in the environment, accumulate in food chains and may adversely affect human health if ingested over certain levels or with prolonged exposure. Persistent organic pollutants and toxic metals in foods explores the scientific and regulatory challenges of ensuring that our food is safe to eat. Part one provides an overview of regulatory efforts to screen, monitor and control persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in foods and includes case studies detailing regulatory responses to food contamination incidents. Part two moves on to highlight particular POPs, toxic metals and metalloids in foods, including dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalates. Persistent organic pollutants and toxic metals in foods is a standard reference for those in the food industry responsible for food safety, laboratories testing for food chemical safety, regulatory authorities responsible for ensuring the safety of food, and researchers in industry and academia interested in the science supporting food chemical safety. Includes case studies which detail regulatory responses to food contamination incidents Considers the uptake and transfer of persistent organic pollutants in the food chain and the risk assessment of contaminates in food Details perticular persistent organic pollutants, toxic metals and metalloids in foods including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), mercury and arsenic among others
Book Synopsis Climate Change in the Arctic by : Neloy Khare
Download or read book Climate Change in the Arctic written by Neloy Khare and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Highlights the achievements of climate change research in the Arctic region 2. Includes case studies from scientists in the Arctic and their significant achievements through the Indian research base Himadri 3. Provides a thorough review of Paleoclimate change studies, the impact of climate change on biotic components and the impact of climate change on abiotic components 4. Provides specific details on the study of ozone depletion phenomenon over Arctic region 5. Covers a wide range of research contributions 6. Details sea-ice variability in the context of global warming over the Arctic region. 7.Connects seisimogenesis with the climate change in the Arctic region.
Book Synopsis Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals by : Bommanna G. Loganathan
Download or read book Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals written by Bommanna G. Loganathan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental pollution by man-made persistent organic chemicals (POCs) has been a serious global issue for over half a century. POCs are prevalent in air, water, soil, and organisms including wildlife and humans throughout the world. They do not degrade and cause long-term effect in organisms. Exposure to certain POCs may result in serious environ
Book Synopsis Lament of the Ocean by : Lachlan Hampton
Download or read book Lament of the Ocean written by Lachlan Hampton and published by Lachlan Hampton. This book was released on 2023-06-03 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lament of the Ocean" is a comprehensive and enlightening book that delves into the current state of marine environmental pollution and its wide-ranging effects on our oceans. Drawing on the latest scientific research and real-world examples, this book offers an in-depth exploration of the various forms of pollution that plague our seas and the urgent need for sustainable practices to safeguard marine ecosystems. From the devastating impact of plastic pollution, including microplastics and macroplastics, to the detrimental effects of agricultural runoff, industrial waste, oil spills, and shipping activities, the book examines how these pollutants disrupt marine ecosystems, harm marine species, and compromise human health. It also highlights the interconnectedness of these issues with climate change and the subsequent implications for the planet. Throughout the book, the reader gains valuable insights into international agreements and conventions such as MARPOL, OSPAR, and the London Convention and Protocol, which aim to regulate and mitigate pollution. The book critically analyzes the effectiveness of these agreements, shedding light on their limitations and suggesting ways to strengthen them for more significant impact. However, "Ocean's Cry" does not dwell solely on the challenges at hand. It provides a balanced perspective by showcasing inspiring initiatives and solutions that offer hope for a sustainable future. The book explores sustainable business practices, technological innovations, and the importance of public awareness and education in driving change. It emphasizes the role of individuals, communities, industry, and governments in embracing sustainable alternatives, recycling and upcycling, and adopting eco-friendly practices. Furthermore, the book examines the consequences of pollution on marine life, including the loss of biodiversity, the disruption of food chains, and the threat of species extinction. It highlights the need for preserving genetic diversity and underscores the importance of ecosystem resilience in facing these challenges. As the book concludes, it calls upon the global community to take action. It emphasizes the significance of international collaboration, the development of new partnerships, and the strengthening of existing agreements to tackle marine environmental pollution effectively. The book also stresses the need for sustainable urban planning, the adoption of plastic alternatives, and the promotion of recycling and upcycling initiatives. "Ocean's Cry" serves as a clarion call for a united effort to protect our oceans and marine ecosystems. It inspires readers to take part in creating positive change, promoting sustainability, and fostering a deep appreciation for the oceans and their profound influence on our planet's well-being. This book is a must-read for environmentalists, policymakers, researchers, and individuals who are passionate about preserving our oceans and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Book Synopsis Emerging Contaminants and Plants by : Tariq Aftab
Download or read book Emerging Contaminants and Plants written by Tariq Aftab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-16 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging contaminants (ECs) are predominantly unregulated anthropogenic chemicals that occur in air, soil, water, food, and plant/animal tissues in trace concentrations. ECs are persistent in the environment, capable of perturbing the physiology of target receptors and, therefore, are increasingly regarded as a subject of concern. This volume aims to enhance understanding of emerging contaminants’ effects on plants and the environment and to highlight and address the need of sustainable and eco-friendly approaches in mitigating and remediating the effects of ECs. The book comprises chapters from diverse areas dealing with biotechnology, microbial technology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, remediation, and more. This volume will be useful to remediation practitioners, researchers, regulators and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Dioxin and Related Compounds by : Mehran Alaee
Download or read book Dioxin and Related Compounds written by Mehran Alaee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a tribute to Professor Otto Hutzinger, the founding editor of The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, in recognition of his pioneering work and contribution to our understanding of the sources, fate, exposure and effects of persistent organic pollutants. It consists of fourteen chapters written by individuals who have been inspired by his work and have followed in his footsteps by refining our knowledge of this field and opening new research directions. In Professor Hutzinger’s tradition of passing on valuable information to others, the authors present recent advances in areas such as inventories, remediation, and analytical determinations. Levels and trends in abiotic environments, biota, and human exposure via food, as well as the risks to the environment and humans from polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins, furans, and PCBs are also discussed. Other chapters deal with the relevant topics of DDT and its metabolites along with halogenated and phosphorus flame retardants.
Book Synopsis Pesticide Properties in the Environment by : A.G. Hornsby
Download or read book Pesticide Properties in the Environment written by A.G. Hornsby and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying and remediating environmental contamination is a complex and very expensive problem worldwide. Pollution of soil and water by pesticides is a significant issue that persists for years after the pesticide application ceases. Pesticide Properties in the Environment is a unique database compiled from extensive literature searches. It presents data on hundreds of pesticides, including their common, commercial, and scientific names, their chemical formulas, and their environmental properties including water solubility, field half-life, sorption coefficient, and vapor pressure. All data is carefully cited to original references, and is presented both in printed form and as an electronic database. Pesticide Properties in the Environment will be invaluable for environmental scientists, engineers, and consultants, as well as soil scientists and water quality specialists.
Book Synopsis The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the North Sea by : Tatjana P. Ilyina
Download or read book The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the North Sea written by Tatjana P. Ilyina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-24 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a description of FANTOM, an ocean model, that has been developed to investigate the fate of selected POPs in the North Sea. The main focus of the model is on quantifying the distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their aquatic pathways. The model was applied for the southern North Sea and tested by studying the behavior of g-HCH, a-HCH and PCB 153 in sea water.
