THE RESHAPED ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY AFTER WESTERN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS

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Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 3981955498
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (819 download)

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Book Synopsis THE RESHAPED ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY AFTER WESTERN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS by : Dilan Günes

Download or read book THE RESHAPED ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY AFTER WESTERN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS written by Dilan Günes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-07-12 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic sanctions as a foreign policy tool is used by sender countries to change policy or behavior of a target country. The economic sanctions are multilevel phenomena that not only affects both sides of the action but also have implications for third parties, reshaping the political and economic relations of the sender and target countries with the other states. The effects of the economic sanctions imposed by the West on Russia and Turkey have direct implications for the balance of power in the region and globally. Therefore, this paper aims to examine how did economic sanctions (re)shape the economic relations between Russia and Turkey. In doing so, the paper applies explanatory sequential mixed methods. First, logarithmic regression model was conducted by time series data over the period ranging from 1992 to 2018. The paper confirms that economic sanctions imposed on target countries that already have trade relations increase the bilateral trade between them, especially for Turkish case. Subsequently, content analysis was conducted reviewing annual data starting from 1992 but mostly focusing on 2014-2018 period. The analysis shows that because the sender countries are important trade partners in the target countries, to counterbalance the effects of economic sanctions target countries choose to diversify their trade. According to the results, Russia diversified towards Asia and Central Asia while Turkey increased its trade with the EU which is mutual ally of the US and Turkey. Excluding the 2015 plane crisis between Russia and Turkey, the Western sanctions imposed on both countries increased the bilateral trade between them. However, these two countries are the first choice of each other when it comes to trade partner diversification.

Russia's Response to Sanctions

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108415024
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Russia's Response to Sanctions by : Richard Connolly

Download or read book Russia's Response to Sanctions written by Richard Connolly and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth scholarly analysis of the effects of Western sanctions, and Russia's response on the Russian economy.

Turkey

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Turkey by : Jim Zanotti

Download or read book Turkey written by Jim Zanotti and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Turkey-Russia Relations in the Twenty-First Century

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1666915742
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (669 download)

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Book Synopsis Turkey-Russia Relations in the Twenty-First Century by : Muhammet Koçak

Download or read book Turkey-Russia Relations in the Twenty-First Century written by Muhammet Koçak and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-09-09 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey and Russia are two of the most significant powerhouses in Eurasia. The foreign policies of two countries directly impact the regional dynamics in Black Sea, Central Asia, Middle East, Eastern Europe, and the Balkan regions. The changes in the bilateral relations between the two countries go well beyond the Black Sea region. In the past, the Russian Empire played a significant role in the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and Turkey took part in containing the USSR during the Cold War by joining the NATO in 1952. In the twenty-first century, however, Turkey and Russia invested in bilateral trade and established significant partnerships in the strategic defense and energy sectors. In the same period, the competition between Turkey and Russia heightened, giving way to military confrontation in multiple fronts. This book argues that the changing balance of power in the region has triggered adjustments in the foreign policies of Russia and Turkey in the twenty-first century. The decline of the US influence in the region have brought about increased engagement between Turkey and Russia in the form of partnerships and competition for influence.

Russia's Response to Sanctions

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108244440
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Russia's Response to Sanctions by : Richard Connolly

Download or read book Russia's Response to Sanctions written by Richard Connolly and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first in-depth analysis of the effects of sanctions on the Russian political economy, Richard Connolly details the Western sanctions targeting the energy, defense and financial sectors, and the Russian response. He explores how the Western sanctions have caused Russian officials to formulate rapid policy responses to enable the country to adapt to the new circumstances. The sanctions and the Russian response have caused the state's role in the Russian economy to grow stronger and caused its policymakers to accelerate efforts to shift Russia's foreign economic relations away from the West and toward Asia. Connolly analyzes how the political economy in Russia and the nature of the country's integration with the global economy have been fundamentally reshaped. He demonstrates that a new system of political economy is emerging in Russia, and how it is crucial to understanding Russia's future trajectory.

Turkey: Towards a Eurasian Shift?

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Publisher : Ledizioni
ISBN 13 : 8867057642
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis Turkey: Towards a Eurasian Shift? by : Valeria Talbot

Download or read book Turkey: Towards a Eurasian Shift? written by Valeria Talbot and published by Ledizioni. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few years, Turkey seems to have embraced the East again. Ankara’s closer relations with Eurasian countries go hand in hand with the global shift eastwards, towards the ever-growing and most dynamic region in the world. It is therefore the result of an increasing differentiation of Turkey’s foreign relations, driven by strategic, economic and energy interests. Stronger ties with Eurasian countries, i.e. Russia and China, are also the litmus test for the ups and downs in relations with Washington and Brussels. While Ankara still retains strong ties with the West, it is laying the groundwork to further widen its interests to the East. This report aims to analyse the multi-faceted aspects of Ankara’s Eurasian shift, highlighting the domestic drivers of Turkey’s “Eurasianism”, the interests at stake, the areas of cooperation and competition, and last but not least the implications for the EU.

International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171733
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War by : National Research Council

Download or read book International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-07 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the Cold War has changed the shape of organized violence in the world and the ways in which governments and others try to set its limits. Even the concept of international conflict is broadening to include ethnic conflicts and other kinds of violence within national borders that may affect international peace and security. What is not yet clear is whether or how these changes alter the way actors on the world scene should deal with conflict: Do the old methods still work? Are there new tools that could work better? How do old and new methods relate to each other? International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War critically examines evidence on the effectiveness of a dozen approaches to managing or resolving conflict in the world to develop insights for conflict resolution practitioners. It considers recent applications of familiar conflict management strategies, such as the use of threats of force, economic sanctions, and negotiation. It presents the first systematic assessments of the usefulness of some less familiar approaches to conflict resolution, including truth commissions, "engineered" electoral systems, autonomy arrangements, and regional organizations. It also opens up analysis of emerging issues, such as the dilemmas facing humanitarian organizations in complex emergencies. This book offers numerous practical insights and raises key questions for research on conflict resolution in a transforming world system.

Global Trends 2040

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Publisher : Cosimo Reports
ISBN 13 : 9781646794973
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (949 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

U. S. - Turkish Relations

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Publisher : CSIS Reports
ISBN 13 : 9780892067596
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (675 download)

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Book Synopsis U. S. - Turkish Relations by : Bulent Aliriza

Download or read book U. S. - Turkish Relations written by Bulent Aliriza and published by CSIS Reports. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the product of a year-long joint effort by the Center for Strategic Research (SAM) at the Ministry of the Foreign Affairs of Turkey and the Turkey Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). In addition to examining the opportunities and challenges the two countries have confronted in the past six decades of their alliance, it also looks ahead to those the relationship is likely to face in the future.

The Eastern Question

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780990772095
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis The Eastern Question by : Daniel Sheldon Hamilton

Download or read book The Eastern Question written by Daniel Sheldon Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future of Europe's east is open. Can the societies of this vast region become more democratic and secure and integrate into the European mainstream? Or are they destined to become failed, fractured lands of grey mired in the stagnation and turbulence historically characteristic of Europe's borderlands? How and why is Russia seeking to influence these developments, and what is the future of Russia itself? How should the West engage?

West-Russia Relations in Light of the Ukraine Crisis

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Publisher : Edizioni Nuova Cultura
ISBN 13 : 8868124645
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis West-Russia Relations in Light of the Ukraine Crisis by : Riccardo Alcaro

Download or read book West-Russia Relations in Light of the Ukraine Crisis written by Riccardo Alcaro and published by Edizioni Nuova Cultura. This book was released on 2015 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of Russia’s annexation of Crimea and destabilization of Ukraine, West-Russia relations have so dramatically deteriorated that talk of a new Cold War has become routine. NATO’s role in Europe is again in the spotlight, with experts and policymakers pondering whether the Alliance needs to go back to its historical roots and re-calibrate itself as an instrument of defence from and containment of Russia. At the same time, cooperation between Russia and the West has not collapsed altogether coordinate on issues such as Iran’s nuclear programme. Clearly, tensions over Ukraine are so strong that the risk of a breakdown in relations cannot be ruled out. The contributions to this volume, the result of an international conference jointly organized by the Istituto Affari Internazionali and the Center on the United States and Europe at Brookings, analyze the dramatic shift in Europe’s strategic context and explore the question of whether Russia and the West can contain tensions, manage competition, and keep cooperating on issues of mutual concern.

Stalin and the Turkish Crisis of the Cold War, 1945–1953

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Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739168088
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalin and the Turkish Crisis of the Cold War, 1945–1953 by : Jamil Hasanli

Download or read book Stalin and the Turkish Crisis of the Cold War, 1945–1953 written by Jamil Hasanli and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2011-07-16 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the ups and downs of the Soviet-Turkish relations during World War II and immediately after it. Hasanli draws on declassified archive documents from the United States, Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, and Azerbaijan to recreate a true picture of the time when the 'Turkish crisis' of the Cold War broke out. It explains why and how the friendly relations between the USSR and Turkey escalated into enmity, led to the increased confrontation between these two countries, and ended up with Turkey's entry into NATO. Hasanli uses recently-released Soviet archive documents to shed light on some dark points of the Cold War era and the relations between the Soviets and the West. Apart from bringing in an original point of view regarding starting of the Cold War, the book reveals some secret sides of the Soviet domestic and foreign policies. The book convincingly demonstrates how Soviet political technologists led by Josef Stalin distorted the picture of a friendly and peaceful country_Turkey_into the image of an enemy in the minds of millions of Soviet citizens.

The End of Western Hegemonies?

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Publisher : Vernon Press
ISBN 13 : 1648895271
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis The End of Western Hegemonies? by : Marie-Josée Lavallée

Download or read book The End of Western Hegemonies? written by Marie-Josée Lavallée and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the face of recent trends like growing authoritarianism and xenophobic nationalism, the rise of the Far Right, the explosion of economic and social inequalities, heightened geopolitical contest and global capitalism’s endless crisis, and the impacts of shocks like the Covid-19 pandemic, discourses about the ‘decline of the West’ no more look like mere ruminations of a handful of cultural depressives and politically disillusioned; they sound increasingly realistic. This volume addresses this issue by mapping and analyzing the forms, mechanisms, strategies, and effects, in the past, the present, and the future, of Western hegemonies, namely, asymmetrical relations that bring advantages or, at least, secure the superiority of Western state and non-state actors in politics, economics, and culture broadly understood. Over the past decades and centuries, Westerners never ceased claiming supremacy in all these spheres. A host of these relations were initiated through colonialism and imperialism, and perpetuated through informal imperialism, but there are other channels: political interference, inequalities between countries, and attempts at affirming the supremacy of the so-called Western way of life was also secured through the military might and economic power of great Western actors. This book explores sites of Western hegemonies and contributes to understanding the mechanisms through which international hierarchies are formed and maintained. Bringing together the research of scholars from various fields in the humanities and social sciences, political science, international relations, political philosophy, sociology, history, postcolonial studies, criminology, and linguistics, this volume develops a multidisciplinary outlook on the issue of Western hegemonies that allows uncovering resemblances between various forms of asymmetrical relations and their mechanisms.

U.S.-Turkey Relations

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Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations
ISBN 13 : 0876095260
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S.-Turkey Relations by : Madeline Albright

Download or read book U.S.-Turkey Relations written by Madeline Albright and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey is a rising regional and global power facing, as is the United States, the challenges of political transitions in the Middle East, bloodshed in Syria, and Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons. As a result, it is incumbent upon the leaders of the United States and Turkey to define a new partnership "in order to make a strategic relationship a reality," says a new Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)-sponsored Independent Task Force.

China's Belt and Road: A Game Changer?

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Publisher : Edizioni Epoké
ISBN 13 : 8899647631
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Belt and Road: A Game Changer? by : Alessia Amighini (a cura di)

Download or read book China's Belt and Road: A Game Changer? written by Alessia Amighini (a cura di) and published by Edizioni Epoké. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Officially announced by Xi Jinping in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has since become the centrepiece of China’s economic diplomacy. It is a commitment to ease bottlenecks to Eurasian trade by improving and building networks of connectivity across Central and Western Asia, where the BRI aims to act as a bond for the projects of regional cooperation and integration already in progress in Southern Asia. But it also reaches out to the Middle East as well as East and North Africa, a truly strategic area where the Belt joins the Road. Europe, the end-point of the New Silk Roads, both by land and by sea, is the ultimate geographic destination and political partner in the BRI. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the BRI, its logic, rationale and implications for international economic and political relations.

Erdogan's Empire

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786726343
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Erdogan's Empire by : Soner Cagaptay

Download or read book Erdogan's Empire written by Soner Cagaptay and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gradually since 2003, Turkey's autocratic leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan has sought to make Turkey a great power -- in the tradition of past Turkish leaders from the late Ottoman sultans to Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey. Here the leading authority Soner Cagaptay, author of The New Sultan -- the first biography of President Erdogan -- provides a masterful overview of the power politics in the Middle East and Turkey's place in it. Erdogan has picked an unorthodox model in the context of recent Turkish history, attempting to cast his country as a stand-alone Middle Eastern power. In doing so Turkey has broken ranks with its traditional Western allies, including the United States and has embraced an imperial-style foreign policy which has aimed to restore Turkey's Ottoman-era reach into the Arabian Middle East and the Balkans. Today, in addition to a domestic crackdown on dissent and journalistic freedoms, driven by Erdogan's style of governance, Turkey faces a hostile world. Ankara has nearly no friends left in the Middle East, and it faces a threat from resurgent historic adversaries: Russia and Iran. Furthermore, Turkey cannot rely on the unconditional support of its traditional Western allies. Can Erdogan deliver Turkey back to safety? What are the risks that lie ahead for him, and his country? How can Turkey truly become a great power, fulfilling a dream shared by many Turks, the sultans, Ataturk, and Erdogan himself?

Connectivity Wars

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781910118559
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Connectivity Wars by : Mark Leonard

Download or read book Connectivity Wars written by Mark Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2017-09 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: