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The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative And Us Energy Markets
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Book Synopsis The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and U.S. Energy Markets by : Kangil Lee
Download or read book The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and U.S. Energy Markets written by Kangil Lee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamic mutual relationship between the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) carbon permit price and energy prices in the U.S. is examined. Results show that the RGGI and electricity markets are not closely linked, although the carbon permit price is usually closely interrelated with energy prices. The loose relationship between the RGGI and electricity markets can be explained by the recent low carbon credit demand which stems from the low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions existent in the particular area covered by the RGGI. The low GHG emissions result from fuel switching due to recent low natural gas prices. Unlike the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, natural gas is the key driver of the RGGI system.
Book Synopsis Why Have Greenhouse Emissions in RGGI States Declined? An Econometric Attribution to Economic, Energy Market, and Policy Factors by : Brian C. Murray
Download or read book Why Have Greenhouse Emissions in RGGI States Declined? An Econometric Attribution to Economic, Energy Market, and Policy Factors written by Brian C. Murray and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is a consortium of Northeastern U.S. states that limit carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation through a regional emissions trading program. Since RGGI started in 2009, regional emissions have sharply dropped. We use econometric models to quantify the emissions reductions due to RGGI and those due to other factors such as the recession, complementary environmental programs, and lowered natural gas prices. The analysis shows that RGGI has induced greater emissions reductions within the region than have been achieved proportionally in the rest of the United States, though some extramural leakage may have occurred.
Book Synopsis The Economic Impacts of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative on Ten Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States by : Paul J. Hibbard
Download or read book The Economic Impacts of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative on Ten Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States written by Paul J. Hibbard and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses outcomes of the first U.S. market-based program to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide from power plants, including impact on electricity markets, power companies' costs, and consumer prices; use of auction proceeds; and states' economic benefits.
Book Synopsis Reclaiming the Atmospheric Commons by : Leigh Raymond
Download or read book Reclaiming the Atmospheric Commons written by Leigh Raymond and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-09-23 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative created a new paradigm in climate policy by requiring polluters to pay for their emissions for the first time. In 2008, a group of states in the northeast United States launched an emissions trading program, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI). With RGGI, these states—Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont—achieved what had been considered politically impossible: they forced polluters to pay the public for their emissions. The states accomplished this by conducting auctions of emissions “allowances”; by 2014, they had raised more than $2.2 billion in revenues. In this first in-depth examination of RGGI, Leigh Raymond describes this revolutionary and influential policy model and explains the practical and theoretical implications for climate policy. Other cap-and-trade schemes had been criticized for providing private profits rather than public benefits, allowing private firms to make money by buying and selling valuable “rights to pollute.” RGGI, by contrast, directed virtually all emissions auction revenues to programs benefiting the public at large. By reframing the issue in terms of public benefits, environmental advocates emphasized the public ownership of the atmospheric commons and private corporations' responsibility to pay for their use of it. Raymond argues that this kind of “normative reframing” is significant not only for environmental policy making but also for theories of the policy process, helping to explain and predict sudden policy change.
Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gas Reductions by : Jonathan L. Ramseur
Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Reductions written by Jonathan L. Ramseur and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the absence of a federal program requiring greenhouse gas reductions, a growing group of U.S. states are taking action in this arena. Significant actions have been undertaken in California and by a coalition of states from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. California has undertaken several initiatives that seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In 2004, the state issued regulations to reduce greenhouse gases from motor vehicles. Eleven other states have formally adopted California's new vehicle requirements. In 2006, California passed two climate change statutes. The first would establish a statewide cap on greenhouse gases. The second would effectively limit the use of coal-generated electricity in California. The state has also taken action to reduce the carbon intensity in its transportation fuels. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a partnership of eight Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states, would set up a cap-and-trade system aimed at limiting carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. The cap is scheduled to take effect in January 2009 and cap carbon dioxide emissions at 121 million metric tons through the end of 2014. In 2015, the cap would begin to decrease, so that by 2018, emissions would be capped at 10% below the initial level. Because some observers see RGGI as a possible model for a federal cap-and-trade program, several of RGGIs design elements are generating interest and debate. Predicting the precise consequences of these state-led climate change actions is difficult. The actions may affect energy markets to some degree by encouraging the use of fewer carbon-intensive fuels. Many observers suggest that the range of state actions will catalyze federal activity. Industry stakeholders are especially concerned that the states will create a patchwork of climate change regulations across the nation. This prospect is causing some industry leaders to call for a federal climate change program. If Congress seeks to establish a federal program, the experiences and lessons learned in the states may be instructive. The RGGI and climate change activities in California are aggressive, but the resulting emission reductions may be offset by increased emissions in states without such requirements. This is a primary limitation of state climate change programs. Legal challenges to the state actions, particularly those that may affect interstate commerce, represent another obstacle.
Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Reductions written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the absence of a federal program requiring greenhouse gas reductions, a growing group of U.S. states are taking action in this arena. Significant actions have been undertaken in California and by a coalition of states from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. California has undertaken several initiatives that seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In 2004, the state issued regulations to reduce greenhouse gases from motor vehicles. Eleven other states have formally adopted California's new vehicle requirements. In 2006, California passed two climate change statutes. The first would establish a statewide cap on greenhouse gases. The second would effectively limit the use of coal-generated electricity in California. The state has also taken action to reduce the carbon intensity in its transportation fuels. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a partnership of eight Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states, would set up a cap-and-trade system aimed at limiting carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. The cap is scheduled to take effect in January 2009 and cap carbon dioxide emissions at 121 million metric tons through the end of 2014. In 2015, the cap would begin to decrease, so that by 2018, emissions would be capped at 10% below the initial level. Because some observers see RGGI as a possible model for a federal cap-and-trade program, several of RGGI's design elements are generating interest and debate. Predicting the precise consequences of these state-led climate change actions is difficult. The actions may affect energy markets to some degree by encouraging the use of fewer carbon-intensive fuels. Many observers suggest that the range of state actions will catalyze federal activity. Industry stakeholders are especially concerned that the states will create a patchwork of climate change regulations across the nation. This prospect is causing some industry leaders to call for a federal climate change program. If Congress seeks to establish a federal program, the experiences and lessons learned in the states may be instructive. The RGGI and climate change activities in California are aggressive, but the resulting emission reductions may be offset by increased emissions in states without such requirements. This is a primary limitation of state climate change programs. Legal challenges to the state actions, particularly those that may affect interstate commerce, represent another obstacle.
Book Synopsis Bringing Labor Along for the Ride During Emissions Mitigation: A Case Study in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative by : James Redmond Gallagher
Download or read book Bringing Labor Along for the Ride During Emissions Mitigation: A Case Study in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative written by James Redmond Gallagher and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis aimed to answer the following question – what effect does membership in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, the first region-wide carbon pricing scheme in the United States, have on member states’ energy job markets? My hypothesis, based on my literature review and knowledge on the topic, was that RGGI membership would either be correlated with energy job gains, or would have an insignificant effect on the number of energy jobs in a state. To test this hypothesis, I constructed a simple OLS regression, using the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Employment (OES) Statistics, to judge whether the change in the number of energy jobs in a state from 2012 to 2019 correlated with RGGI membership. To that end, I included a number of control variables, including the trend in state unemployment over that time period and a measure of a state’s political leanings. I also conducted a second regression, which considered the RGGI states alongside an equal number of representative non-RGGI states. Ultimately, I found that RGGI membership was statistically insignificant in its correlation with the OES estimates. While this result was in line with my hypothesis, it does not allow for any detailed discussion of the coefficients at play. However, I did find one significant result in my first regression- for every one-point increase in a state’s lean toward Republicans, we would expect a state to lose 1.1 percentage points in energy jobs. This partisan gap in energy job trends is worthy of further study, especially given the partisan gap in appetite for climate action.
Book Synopsis Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases by : Mark Liebig
Download or read book Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases written by Mark Liebig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climate change is a natural process that currently appears to be strongly influenced by human activities, which increase atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture contributes about 20% of the world’s global radiation forcing from carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, and produces 50% of the methane and 70% of the nitrous oxide of the human-induced emission. Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases synthesizes the wealth of information generated from the GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) effort with contributors from a variety of backgrounds, and reports findings with important international applications. Frames responses to challenges associated with climate change within the geographical domain of the U.S., while providing a useful model for researchers in the many parts of the world that possess similar ecoregions Covers not only soil C dynamics but also nitrous oxide and methane flux, filling a void in the existing literature Educates scientists and technical service providers conducting greenhouse gas research, industry, and regulators in their agricultural research by addressing the issues of GHG emissions and ways to reduce these emissions Synthesizes the data from top experts in the world into clear recommendations and expectations for improvements in the agricultural management of global warming potential as an aggregate of GHG emissions
Book Synopsis Carbon Trading & Environmental Equity by : Megan McKeown
Download or read book Carbon Trading & Environmental Equity written by Megan McKeown and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) was the first carbon cap-and-trade policy established in the U.S. The goal of RGGI was to mitigate climate change by regulating the emission of CO2 from fossil-fuel fired electric power plants located in the ten participating Northeast states. Given CO2 disperses globally, any reduction in emissions regardless of geographic location is beneficial in reducing the impacts of climate change, making CO2 an ideal pollutant for flexible market-based instruments. However, since CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel fired power plants are accompanied with co-pollutants that cause local harm to human health, market-based solutions create the potential for co-pollutant hotspots to form. This analysis examined whether RGGI has resulted in hotspots in locations where they could disproportionately impact communities color, low-income, low-educational attainment, and linguistic isolation. Temporal trends in emission of CO2 with respect to multiple measures of neighborhood demographics were evaluated using data from 2000 - 2019. The results of this research found that (1) neighborhoods near facilities regulated under RGGI have higher proportions of non-white residents, low educational attainment, poverty, and linguistic isolation than those further away; (2) twenty nine percent of facilities have continued to increase their emissions since the implementation of RGGI; and (3) the neighborhoods located near facilities with increasing emissions are found to have a statistically significant higher proportion of residents of color and households below the poverty line. These results raise environmental equity concerns regarding the health of communities of color and low-income located in RGGI states.
Book Synopsis A Program that Works by : Environment Maine Research & Policy Center
Download or read book A Program that Works written by Environment Maine Research & Policy Center and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
Book Synopsis How Did RGGI Do It? Political Economy and Emissions Auctions by : Bruce R. Huber
Download or read book How Did RGGI Do It? Political Economy and Emissions Auctions written by Bruce R. Huber and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the major emissions trading schemes in operation around the world, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI, or “Reggie”) stands alone: this CO2 cap-and-trade program among nine northeastern states is the only such scheme to rely primarily on auctions to distribute emissions allowances. The standard practice -- distributing allowances for free on the basis of historical emissions -- elicits begrudging but politically crucial support from some regulated emitters. Like carbon taxation, allowance auctioning has long been considered economically superior to its alternatives but politically infeasible. How did the RGGI states manage to defy conventional wisdom and institute a program so reliant on auctions? Existing analyses of RGGI's political origins credit entrepreneurial state-level bureaucrats with converting promising theory into policy reality. These analyses, however, are incomplete and cannot explain why RGGI-state legislatures overwhelmingly supported auctioning in spite of concentrated industry opposition. This Article suggests that the politics of auctioning in RGGI cannot be understood apart from recent fundamental changes in the structure of electricity regulation. In the Northeast, restructuring has entailed the breakup of electric utilities and the creation of competitive regional wholesale electricity markets, which together have remade the political economy of energy policy. The newly-transformed utility sector now includes industry players who do not oppose auctioning, and state legislators, fearing RGGI-induced wholesale rate increases, have embraced auctions as a source of revenue to offset adverse rate effects. The story of RGGI thus demonstrates that received political wisdom can be upset by policy developments in adjacent fields, and reminds us of the political contingencies that undergird even the most carefully crafted regulatory interventions.
Book Synopsis State and Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiatives (energy Sector). by : Darren Springer
Download or read book State and Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiatives (energy Sector). written by Darren Springer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crs Report for Congress by : Congressional Research Service: The Libr
Download or read book Crs Report for Congress written by Congressional Research Service: The Libr and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is the nation's first mandatory cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As of January 1, 2012, RGGI involves nine states-Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The RGGI cap-and-trade system applies only to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from electric power plants with capacities to generate 25 megawatts or more- approximately 168 facilities. The RGGI emissions cap took effect January 1, 2009. The initial results of the RGGI program may be instructive to policymakers. Several of RGGI's design elements generated considerable interest during the development and debate of federal proposals to address GHG emissions. In particular, the program's emission cap has received particular attention. Since the cap took effect in 2009, it has not compelled regulated entities to make internal emission reductions or purchase emission credits from other sources. Several factors led to this outcome: RGGI's cap design, an economic downturn, and a substantial shift to less carbon intensive fuels. In 2005, RGGI states generated 32% of their electricity from coal and petroleum, sources of energy with relatively high carbon intensity. In 2011, these sources generated 12% of RGGI's electricity.
Book Synopsis The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative by : Serge Chauvin
Download or read book The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative written by Serge Chauvin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is the nation's first mandatory cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As of 1 January 2012, RGGI involves nine states - Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The RGGI cap-and-trade system applies only to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from electric power plants with capacities to generate 23 megawatts or more-approximately 168 facilities. The RGGI emissions cap took effect 1 January 2009. This book provides an overview of the RGGI cap-and-trade program and the participating RGGI states, with a discussion on select issues raised by RGGI that may be of interest to policy-makers who are considering developing a federal program.
Book Synopsis A Guide to Econometrics by : Peter Kennedy
Download or read book A Guide to Econometrics written by Peter Kennedy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-19 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses etwas andere Lehrbuch bietet keine vorgefertigten Rezepte und Problemlösungen, sondern eine kritische Diskussion ökonometrischer Modelle und Methoden: voller überraschender Fragen, skeptisch, humorvoll und anwendungsorientiert. Sein Erfolg gibt ihm Recht.
Book Synopsis Competitive Electricity Markets: The Power of Choice by : Joseph L. Welch, PE
Download or read book Competitive Electricity Markets: The Power of Choice written by Joseph L. Welch, PE and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2009 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critique of the US Electricity Industry. Analysis of derailed industry deregulation initiatives. Sketches a new, competitively structured Energy Policy Template.
