The Reconstruction Desegregation Debate

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The Reconstruction Desegregation Debate

Author : Kirt H. Wilson
Publisher : MSU Press
ISBN 13 : 1628954922
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reconstruction Desegregation Debate by : Kirt H. Wilson

Download or read book The Reconstruction Desegregation Debate written by Kirt H. Wilson and published by MSU Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decade that followed the Civil War, two questions dominated political debate: To what degree were African Americans now “equal” to white Americans, and how should this equality be implemented in law? Although Republicans entertained multiple, even contradictory, answers to these questions, the party committed itself to several civil rights initiatives. When Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment, the 1866 Civil Rights Act, the Fourteenth Amendment, and the Fifteenth Amendment, it justified these decisions with a broad egalitarian rhetoric. This rhetoric altered congressional culture, instituting new norms that made equality not merely an ideal,but rather a pragmatic aim for political judgments. Kirt Wilson examines Reconstruction’s desegregation debate to explain how it represented an important movement in the evolution of U.S. race relations. He outlines how Congress fought to control the scope of black civil rights by contesting the definition of black equality, and the expediency and constitutionality of desegregation. Wilson explores how the debate over desegregation altered public memory about slavery and the Civil War, while simultaneously shaping a political culture that established the trajectory of race relations into the next century.

The Reconstruction Desegregation Debate

Author : Kirt H. Wilson
Publisher : Rhetoric & Public Affairs
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reconstruction Desegregation Debate by : Kirt H. Wilson

Download or read book The Reconstruction Desegregation Debate written by Kirt H. Wilson and published by Rhetoric & Public Affairs. This book was released on 2002-05 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rather than trying to reconcile the various conflicting accounts of the period just after the US Civil War, or to present a complete account of Reconstruction, Wilson (rhetorical studies, U. of Minnesota) analyzes the power of rhetoric to raise the hopes and aspirations of recently freed slaves, while simultaneously affecting political judgements that narrow their opportunities. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

The Retreats of Reconstruction

Author : David E. Goldberg
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
ISBN 13 : 0823272737
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (232 download)

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Book Synopsis The Retreats of Reconstruction by : David E. Goldberg

Download or read book The Retreats of Reconstruction written by David E. Goldberg and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning in the 1880s, the economic realities and class dynamics of popular northern resort towns unsettled prevailing assumptions about political economy and threatened segregationist practices. Exploiting early class divisions, black working-class activists staged a series of successful protests that helped make northern leisure spaces a critical battleground in a larger debate about racial equality. While some scholars emphasize the triumph of black consumer activism with defeating segregation, Goldberg argues that the various consumer ideologies that first surfaced in northern leisure spaces during the Reconstruction era contained desegregation efforts and prolonged Jim Crow. Combining intellectual, social, and cultural history, The Retreats of Reconstruction examines how these decisions helped popularize the doctrine of “separate but equal” and explains why the politics of consumption is critical to understanding the “long civil rights movement.”

Reading, Writing, and Race

Author : Davison M. Douglas
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469606488
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Reading, Writing, and Race by : Davison M. Douglas

Download or read book Reading, Writing, and Race written by Davison M. Douglas and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Charlotte, North Carolina, as a case study of the dynamics of racial change in the 'moderate' South, Davison Douglas analyzes the desegregation of the city's public schools from the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision through the early 1970s, when the city embarked upon the most ambitious school busing plan in the nation. In charting the path of racial change, Douglas considers the relative efficacy of the black community's use of public demonstrations and litigation to force desegregation. He also evaluates the role of the city's white business community, which was concerned with preserving Charlotte's image as a racially moderate city, in facilitating racial gains. Charlotte's white leadership, anxious to avoid economically damaging racial conflict, engaged in early but decidedly token integration in the late 1950s and early 1960s in response to the black community's public protest and litigation efforts. The insistence in the late 1960s on widespread busing, however, posed integration demands of an entirely different magnitude. As Douglas shows, the city's white leaders initially resisted the call for busing but eventually relented because they recognized the importance of a stable school system to the city's continued prosperity.

Landmark Debates in Congress

Author : Stephen W. Stathis
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 0872899764
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Landmark Debates in Congress by : Stephen W. Stathis

Download or read book Landmark Debates in Congress written by Stephen W. Stathis and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2009 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines more than fifty significant congressional debates, arranged in chronological order and accompanied by introductory essays that outline the opposing forces and historical context of each debate.

Massive Resistance

Author : Clive Webb
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198039565
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Massive Resistance by : Clive Webb

Download or read book Massive Resistance written by Clive Webb and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-21 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 17, 1954, in Brown v. Board of Education, the United States Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. When the court failed to specify a clear deadline for implementation of the ruling, southern segregationists seized the opportunity to launch a campaign of massive resistance against the federal government. What were the tactics, the ideology, the strategies, of segregationists? This collection of original essays reveals how the political center in the South collapsed during the 1950s as opposition to the Supreme Court decision intensified. It tracks the ingenious, legal, and often extralegal, means by which white southerners rebelled against the ruling: how white men fell back on masculine pride by ostensibly protecting their wives and daughters from the black menace, how ideals of motherhood were enlisted in the struggle for white purity, and how the words of the Bible were invoked to legitimize white supremacy. Together these essays demonstrate that segregationist ideology, far from a simple assertion of supremacist doctrine, was advanced in ways far more imaginative and nuanced than has previously been assumed.

Historical Dictionary of School Segregation and Desegregation

Author : Jeffrey Raffel
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 031300773X
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of School Segregation and Desegregation by : Jeffrey Raffel

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of School Segregation and Desegregation written by Jeffrey Raffel and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1998-10-15 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the nation's history, from before the Civil War through Reconstruction, across the years of lynchings and segregation to the Brown v. Board of Education decision and the battles over busing, no issue has divided the American people more than race, and at the heart of the race issue has been the conflict over school segregation and desegregation. Prior to the Civil War, South Carolina enacted the first compulsory illiteracy law, which made it a crime to teach slaves to write, and other Southern states soon followed South Carolina's example. After the Civil War, schools for blacks were founded throughout the South, including many Historically Black Colleges and Universities. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision established the principle of separate but equal education, which led to decades of segregation. With the 1954 Brown decision, the Supreme Court overturned the separate but equal principle, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 empowered the federal government to affect school desegregation. The process of desegregation continues to this day, with much debate and mixed results. Through more than 260 alphabetically arranged entries, this comprehensive reference book describes persons, court decisions, terms and concepts, legislation, reports and books, types of plans, and organizations central to the struggle for educational equality. The volume covers topics ranging from emotionally laden terms such as busing to complex legal concepts such as de facto and de jure segregation. Each entry includes factual information, a summary of different viewpoints, and a brief bibliography. The book includes an introduction, which outlines the history of school segregation and desegregation, along with a chronology and extensive bibliographic material. Thus this reference is a complete guide to school segregation and desegregation in elementary, secondary, and higher education in the United States.

The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution

Author : Eric Foner
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393652580
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution by : Eric Foner

Download or read book The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution written by Eric Foner and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Pulitzer Prize–winning scholar, a timely history of the constitutional changes that built equality into the nation’s foundation and how those guarantees have been shaken over time. The Declaration of Independence announced equality as an American ideal, but it took the Civil War and the subsequent adoption of three constitutional amendments to establish that ideal as American law. The Reconstruction amendments abolished slavery, guaranteed all persons due process and equal protection of the law, and equipped black men with the right to vote. They established the principle of birthright citizenship and guaranteed the privileges and immunities of all citizens. The federal government, not the states, was charged with enforcement, reversing the priority of the original Constitution and the Bill of Rights. In grafting the principle of equality onto the Constitution, these revolutionary changes marked the second founding of the United States. Eric Foner’s compact, insightful history traces the arc of these pivotal amendments from their dramatic origins in pre–Civil War mass meetings of African-American “colored citizens” and in Republican party politics to their virtual nullification in the late nineteenth century. A series of momentous decisions by the Supreme Court narrowed the rights guaranteed in the amendments, while the states actively undermined them. The Jim Crow system was the result. Again today there are serious political challenges to birthright citizenship, voting rights, due process, and equal protection of the law. Like all great works of history, this one informs our understanding of the present as well as the past: knowledge and vigilance are always necessary to secure our basic rights.

Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007

Author :
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 814 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007 by :

Download or read book Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007 written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2008-10-03 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007 provides a comprehensive history of the more than 120 African Americans who have served in the United States Congress from 1870 through 2007. Individual profiles are introduced by contextual essays that explain major events in congressional and U.S. history. Illustrated with many portraits, photographs, and charts. House Document 108-224. 3d edition. Edited by Matthew Wasniewski. Paperback edition. Questions that are answered include: How many African Americans have served in the U.S. Congress? How did Reconstruction, the Great Migration, and the post-World War II civil rights movement affect black Members of Congress? Who was the first African American to chair a congressional committee? Read about: Pioneers who overcame racial barriers, such as Oscar De Priest of Illinois, the first African American elected to Congress in the 20th century, and Shirley Chisholm of New York, the first black CongresswomanMasters of institutional politics, such as Augustus "Gus" Hawkins of California, Louis Stokes of Ohio, and Julian Dixon of CaliforniaNotables such as Civil War hero Robert Smalls of South Carolina, civil rights champion Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., of New York, and constitutional scholar Barbara Jordan of TexasAnd many more. Black Americans in Congress also includes: Pictures-including rarely seen historical images-of each African American who has served in CongressBibliographies and references to manuscript collections for each MemberStatistical graphs and chartsA comprehensive index Other related products: African Americans resources collection can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/african-americans Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005 can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-071-01418-7 Women in Congress, 1917-2006 --Hardcover format can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-070-07480-9 United States Congressional Serial Set, Serial No. 14903, House Document No. 223, Women in Congress, 1917-2006 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/552-108-00040-0 Hispanic Americans in Congress, 1822-2012 --Print Hardcover format can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-071-01563-9 --Print Paperback format can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-071-01567-1 --ePub format available for Free download is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-300-00008-8 --MOBI format is available for Free download here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-300-00010-0

Brown V. Board and the Transformation of American Culture

Author : Ben Keppel
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807161330
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Brown V. Board and the Transformation of American Culture by : Ben Keppel

Download or read book Brown V. Board and the Transformation of American Culture written by Ben Keppel and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2016-01-11 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brown v. Board of Education, which ended legally sanctioned segregation in American public schools, brought issues of racial equality to the forefront of the nation’s attention. Beyond its repercussions for the educational system, the decision also heralded broad changes to concepts of justice and national identity. “Brown v. Board” and the Transformation of American Culture examines the prominent cultural figures who taught the country how to embrace new values and ideas of citizenship in the aftermath of this groundbreaking decision. Through the lens of three cultural “first responders,” Ben Keppel tracks the creation of an American culture in which race, class, and ethnicity could cease to imply an inferior form of citizenship. Psychiatrist and social critic Robert Coles, in his Pulitzer Prize–winning studies of children and schools in desegregating regions of the country, helped citizens understand the value of the project of racial equality in the lives of regular families, both white and black. Comedian Bill Cosby leveraged his success with gentle, family-centric humor to create televised spaces that challenged the idea of whiteness as the cultural default. Public television producer Joan Ganz Cooney designed programs like Sesame Street that extended educational opportunities to impoverished children, while offering a new vision of urban life in which diverse populations coexisted in an atmosphere of harmony and mutual support. Together, the work of these pioneering figures provided new codes of conduct and guided America through the growing pains of becoming a truly pluralistic nation. In this cultural history of the impact of Brown v. Board, Keppel paints a vivid picture of a society at once eager for and resistant to the changes ushered in by this pivotal decision.

Washington during Civil War and Reconstruction

Author : Robert Harrison
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139499025
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Washington during Civil War and Reconstruction by : Robert Harrison

Download or read book Washington during Civil War and Reconstruction written by Robert Harrison and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this provocative study, Robert Harrison provides new insight into grassroots reconstruction after the Civil War and into the lives of those most deeply affected, the newly emancipated African Americans. Harrison argues that the District of Columbia, far from being marginal to the Reconstruction story, was central to Republican efforts to reshape civil and political relations, with the capital a testing ground for Congressional policy makers. The study describes the ways in which federal agencies such as the Army and the Freedmen's Bureau attempted to assist Washington's freed population and shows how officials struggled to address the social problems resulting from large-scale African-American migration. It also sheds new light on the political processes that led to the abandonment of Reconstruction and the onset of black disfranchisement.

Jim Crow Moves North

Author : Davison Douglas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521607834
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Jim Crow Moves North by : Davison Douglas

Download or read book Jim Crow Moves North written by Davison Douglas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-17 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most observers have assumed that school segregation in the United States was exclusively a southern phenomenon. In fact, many northern communities, until recently, engaged in explicit "southern style" school segregation whereby black children were assigned to "colored" schools and white children to white schools. Davison Douglas examines why so many northern communities did engage in school segregation (in violation of state laws that prohibited such segregation) and how northern blacks challenged this illegal activity. He analyzes the competing visions of black empowerment in the northern black community as reflected in the debate over school integration.

Debating Women

Author : Carly S. Woods
Publisher : MSU Press
ISBN 13 : 1628953381
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Debating Women by : Carly S. Woods

Download or read book Debating Women written by Carly S. Woods and published by MSU Press. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spanning a historical period that begins with women’s exclusion from university debates and continues through their participation in coeducational intercollegiate competitions, Debating Women highlights the crucial role that debating organizations played as women sought to access the fruits of higher education in the United States and United Kingdom. Despite various obstacles, women transformed forests, parlors, dining rooms, ocean liners, classrooms, auditoriums, and prisons into vibrant spaces for ritual argument. There, they not only learned to speak eloquently and argue persuasively but also used debate to establish a legacy, explore difference, engage in intercultural encounter, and articulate themselves as citizens. These debaters engaged with the issues of the day, often performing, questioning, and occasionally refining norms of gender, race, class, and nation. In tracing their involvement in an activity at the heart of civic culture, Woods demonstrates that debating women have much to teach us about the ongoing potential for debate to move arguments, ideas, and people to new spaces.

The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America

Author : Richard Rothstein
Publisher : Liveright Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1631492861
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by : Richard Rothstein

Download or read book The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America written by Richard Rothstein and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Times Bestseller • Notable Book of the Year • Editors' Choice Selection One of Bill Gates’ “Amazing Books” of the Year One of Publishers Weekly’s 10 Best Books of the Year Longlisted for the National Book Award for Nonfiction An NPR Best Book of the Year Winner of the Hillman Prize for Nonfiction Gold Winner • California Book Award (Nonfiction) Finalist • Los Angeles Times Book Prize (History) Finalist • Brooklyn Public Library Literary Prize This “powerful and disturbing history” exposes how American governments deliberately imposed racial segregation on metropolitan areas nationwide (New York Times Book Review). Widely heralded as a “masterful” (Washington Post) and “essential” (Slate) history of the modern American metropolis, Richard Rothstein’s The Color of Law offers “the most forceful argument ever published on how federal, state, and local governments gave rise to and reinforced neighborhood segregation” (William Julius Wilson). Exploding the myth of de facto segregation arising from private prejudice or the unintended consequences of economic forces, Rothstein describes how the American government systematically imposed residential segregation: with undisguised racial zoning; public housing that purposefully segregated previously mixed communities; subsidies for builders to create whites-only suburbs; tax exemptions for institutions that enforced segregation; and support for violent resistance to African Americans in white neighborhoods. A groundbreaking, “virtually indispensable” study that has already transformed our understanding of twentieth-century urban history (Chicago Daily Observer), The Color of Law forces us to face the obligation to remedy our unconstitutional past.

"We Will Be Satisfied With Nothing Less"

Author : Hugh Davis
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801463645
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis "We Will Be Satisfied With Nothing Less" by : Hugh Davis

Download or read book "We Will Be Satisfied With Nothing Less" written by Hugh Davis and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians have focused almost entirely on the attempt by southern African Americans to attain equal rights during Reconstruction. However, the northern states also witnessed a significant period of struggle during these years. Northern blacks vigorously protested laws establishing inequality in education, public accommodations, and political life and challenged the Republican Party to live up to its stated ideals. In "We Will Be Satisfied With Nothing Less," Hugh Davis concentrates on the two issues that African Americans in the North considered most essential: black male suffrage rights and equal access to the public schools. Davis connects the local and the national; he joins the specifics of campaigns in places such as Cincinnati, Detroit, and San Francisco with the work of the National Equal Rights League and its successor, the National Executive Committee of Colored Persons. The narrative moves forward from their launching of the equal rights movement in 1864 to the "end" of Reconstruction in the North two decades later. The struggle to gain male suffrage rights was the centerpiece of the movement’s agenda in the 1860s, while the school issue remained a major objective throughout the period. Following the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, northern blacks devoted considerable attention to assessing their place within the Republican Party and determining how they could most effectively employ the franchise to protect the rights of all citizens.

Public Debate in the Civil War Era

Author : David Zarefsky
Publisher : MSU Press
ISBN 13 : 1609177312
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Debate in the Civil War Era by : David Zarefsky

Download or read book Public Debate in the Civil War Era written by David Zarefsky and published by MSU Press. This book was released on 2023-08-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public debate and discussion was overshadowed by the slavery controversy during the period of the U.S. Civil War. Slavery was attacked, defended, amplified, and mitigated. This happened in the halls of Congress, the courts, the political debate, the public platform, and the lecture hall. This volume examines the issues, speakers, and venues for this controversy between 1850 and 1877. It combines exploration of the broad contours of controversy with careful analysis of specific speakers and texts.

The Oxford Handbook of the U.S. Constitution

Author : Mark Tushnet
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190245778
Total Pages : 992 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the U.S. Constitution by : Mark Tushnet

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the U.S. Constitution written by Mark Tushnet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-31 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the U.S. Constitution offers a comprehensive overview and introduction to the U.S. Constitution from the perspectives of history, political science, law, rights, and constitutional themes, while focusing on its development, structures, rights, and role in the U.S. political system and culture. This Handbook enables readers within and beyond the U.S. to develop a critical comprehension of the literature on the Constitution, along with accessible and up-to-date analysis. The historical essays included in this Handbook cover the Constitution from 1620 right through the Reagan Revolution to the present. Essays on political science detail how contemporary citizens in the United States rely extensively on political parties, interest groups, and bureaucrats to operate a constitution designed to prevent the rise of parties, interest-group politics and an entrenched bureaucracy. The essays on law explore how contemporary citizens appear to expect and accept the exertions of power by a Supreme Court, whose members are increasingly disconnected from the world of practical politics. Essays on rights discuss how contemporary citizens living in a diverse multi-racial society seek guidance on the meaning of liberty and equality, from a Constitution designed for a society in which all politically relevant persons shared the same race, gender, religion and ethnicity. Lastly, the essays on themes explain how in a "globalized" world, people living in the United States can continue to be governed by a constitution originally meant for a society geographically separated from the rest of the "civilized world." Whether a return to the pristine constitutional institutions of the founding or a translation of these constitutional norms in the present is possible remains the central challenge of U.S. constitutionalism today.