The Range of Reasons

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192893955
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis The Range of Reasons by : Daniel Whiting

Download or read book The Range of Reasons written by Daniel Whiting and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-14 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Abstract for the book: This book contributes to two debates and it does so by bringing them together. The first is a debate in metaethics concerning normative reasons, the considerations that serve to justify a person's actions and attitudes. The second is a debate in epistemology concerning the norms for belief, the standards that govern a person's beliefs and by reference to which they are assessed. The book starts by developing and defending a new theory of reasons for action, that is, of practical reasons. The theory belongs to a family that analyses reasons by appeal to the normative notion of rightness (fittingness, correctness); it is distinctive in making central appeal to modal notions, specifically, that of a nearby possible world. The result is a comprehensive framework that captures what is common to and distinctive of reasons of various kinds: justifying and demanding; for and against, possessed and unpossessed; objective and subjective. The framework is then generalized to reasons for belief, that is, to epistemic reasons, and combined with a substantive, first-order commitment, namely, that truth is the sole right-maker for belief. The upshot is an account of the various norms governing belief, including knowledge and rationality, and the relations among them. According to it, the standards to which belief is subject are various, but they are unified by an underlying principle. Keywords: practical reasons; epistemic reasons; rightness; possible worlds; norms of belief; rationality; truth; knowledge; possessed reasons; normativity"--

The Domain of Reasons

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199587639
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis The Domain of Reasons by : John Skorupski

Download or read book The Domain of Reasons written by John Skorupski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about normativity and reasons. But by the end the subject becomes the relation between self, thought and world. Skorupski argues that the key concepts of epistemology and moral theory are normative concepts, and that what makes them normative is that they depend on reasons. The concept of a reason is fundamental to all thought.

Being Realistic about Reasons

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199678480
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Being Realistic about Reasons by : T. M. Scanlon

Download or read book Being Realistic about Reasons written by T. M. Scanlon and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is what we have reason to do a matter of fact? If so, what kind of truth is involved, how can we know it, and how do reasons motivate and explain action? In this concise and lucid book T.M. Scanlon offers answers, with a qualified defence of normative cognitivism - the view that there are normative truths about reasons for action.

Semantics for Reasons

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198832621
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Semantics for Reasons by : Bryan R. Weaver

Download or read book Semantics for Reasons written by Bryan R. Weaver and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semantics for Reasons is a book about what we mean when we talk about reasons. It not only brings together the theory of reasons and natural language semantics in original ways but also sketches out a litany of implications for metaethics and the philosophy of normativity. In their account of how the language of reasons works, Bryan R. Weaver and Kevin Scharp propose and defend a view called Question Under Discussion (QUD) Reasons Contextualism. They use this view to argue for a series of novel positions on the ontology of reasons, indexical facts, the reasons-to-be-rational debate, moral reasons, and the reasons-first approach.

Range

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0735214506
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Range by : David Epstein

Download or read book Range written by David Epstein and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The #1 New York Times bestseller that has all America talking—with a new afterword on expanding your range—as seen on CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS, Morning Joe, CBS This Morning, and more. “The most important business—and parenting—book of the year.” —Forbes “Urgent and important. . . an essential read for bosses, parents, coaches, and anyone who cares about improving performance.” —Daniel H. Pink Shortlisted for the Financial Times/McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award Plenty of experts argue that anyone who wants to develop a skill, play an instrument, or lead their field should start early, focus intensely, and rack up as many hours of deliberate practice as possible. If you dabble or delay, you’ll never catch up to the people who got a head start. But a closer look at research on the world’s top performers, from professional athletes to Nobel laureates, shows that early specialization is the exception, not the rule. David Epstein examined the world’s most successful athletes, artists, musicians, inventors, forecasters and scientists. He discovered that in most fields—especially those that are complex and unpredictable—generalists, not specialists, are primed to excel. Generalists often find their path late, and they juggle many interests rather than focusing on one. They’re also more creative, more agile, and able to make connections their more specialized peers can’t see. Provocative, rigorous, and engrossing, Range makes a compelling case for actively cultivating inefficiency. Failing a test is the best way to learn. Frequent quitters end up with the most fulfilling careers. The most impactful inventors cross domains rather than deepening their knowledge in a single area. As experts silo themselves further while computers master more of the skills once reserved for highly focused humans, people who think broadly and embrace diverse experiences and perspectives will increasingly thrive.

Reasons and Persons

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Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191622443
Total Pages : 880 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons and Persons by : Derek Parfit

Download or read book Reasons and Persons written by Derek Parfit and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1986-01-23 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges, with several powerful arguments, some of our deepest beliefs about rationality, morality, and personal identity. The author claims that we have a false view of our own nature; that it is often rational to act against our own best interests; that most of us have moral views that are directly self-defeating; and that, when we consider future generations the conclusions will often be disturbing. He concludes that moral non-religious moral philosophy is a young subject, with a promising but unpredictable future.

Reasons and the Good

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Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199290334
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons and the Good by : Roger Crisp

Download or read book Reasons and the Good written by Roger Crisp and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2006-08-24 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work offers answers to some of the questions in moral philosophy, including: What reasons do we have for acting in one way or another? Are there moral reasons? What are reasons anyway? How can we know about them? What makes for a good human life? How should we weigh the well-being of others against our own?

The Oxford Handbook of Reasons and Normativity

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199657882
Total Pages : 1105 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Reasons and Normativity by : Daniel Star

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Reasons and Normativity written by Daniel Star and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 1105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Oxford Handbook of Reasons and Normativity' contains 44 commissioned chapters on a wide range of topics, and will appeal to readers with an interest in ethics or epistemology. A diverse selection of substantive positions are defended by leading proponents of the views in question, and provide broad coverage of the study of reasons and normativity across multiple philosophical subfields. In addition to focusing on reasons as part of the study of ethics and as part of the study of epistemology (as well as focusing on reasons as part of the study of the philosophy of language and as part of the study of the philosophy of mind), the Handbook covers recent developments concerning the nature of normativity in general. A number of the contributions to the Handbook explicitly address such "metanormative" issues, bridging subfields as they do so. --

Reasons as Defaults

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Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199744076
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons as Defaults by : John F. Horty

Download or read book Reasons as Defaults written by John F. Horty and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-04-25 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, John Horty brings to bear his work in logic to present a framework that allows for answers to key questions about reasons and reasoning, namely: What are reasons, and how do they support actions or conclusions?

Reasons, Justification, and Defeat

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198847203
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons, Justification, and Defeat by : Jessica Brown

Download or read book Reasons, Justification, and Defeat written by Jessica Brown and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the notion of defeat has been central to epistemology, practical reasoning, and ethics. Within epistemology, it is standardly assumed that a subject who knows that p, or justifiably believes that p, can lose this knowledge or justified belief by acquiring a so-called 'defeater', whether that is evidence that not-p, evidence that the process that produced her belief is unreliable, or evidence that she has likely misevaluated her own evidence. Within ethics and practical reasoning, it is widely accepted that a subject may initially have a reason to do something although this reason is later defeated by her acquisition of further information. However, the traditional conception of defeat has recently come under attack. Some have argued that the notion of defeat is problematically motivated; others that defeat is hard to accommodate within externalist or naturalistic accounts of knowledge or justification; and still others that the intuitions that support defeat can be explained in other ways. This volume presents new work re-examining the very notion of defeat, and its place in epistemology and in normativity theory at large.

Reasons for Belief

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139503049
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons for Belief by : Andrew Reisner

Download or read book Reasons for Belief written by Andrew Reisner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-02 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophers have long been concerned about what we know and how we know it. Increasingly, however, a related question has gained prominence in philosophical discussion: what should we believe and why? This volume brings together twelve new essays that address different aspects of this question. The essays examine foundational questions about reasons for belief, and use new research on reasons for belief to address traditional epistemological concerns such as knowledge, justification and perceptually acquired beliefs. This book will be of interest to philosophers working on epistemology, theoretical reason, rationality, perception and ethics. It will also be of interest to cognitive scientists and psychologists who wish to gain deeper insight into normative questions about belief and knowledge.

Articulating Reasons

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674028732
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Articulating Reasons by : Robert BRANDOM

Download or read book Articulating Reasons written by Robert BRANDOM and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert B. Brandom is one of the most original philosophers of our day, whose book Making It Explicit covered and extended a vast range of topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of language--the very core of analytic philosophy. This new work provides an approachable introduction to the complex system that Making It Explicit mapped out. A tour of the earlier book's large ideas and relevant details, Articulating Reasons offers an easy entry into two of the main themes of Brandom's work: the idea that the semantic content of a sentence is determined by the norms governing inferences to and from it, and the idea that the distinctive function of logical vocabulary is to let us make our tacit inferential commitments explicit. Brandom's work, making the move from representationalism to inferentialism, constitutes a near-Copernican shift in the philosophy of language--and the most important single development in the field in recent decades. Articulating Reasons puts this accomplishment within reach of nonphilosophers who want to understand the state of the foundations of semantics. Table of Contents: Introduction 1. Semantic Inferentialism and Logical Expressivism 2. Action, Norms, and Practical Reasoning 3. Insights and Blindspots of Reliabilism 4. What Are Singular Terms, and Why Are There Any? 5. A Social Route from Reasoning to Representing 6. Objectivity and the Normative Fine Structure of Rationality Notes Index Displaying a sovereign command of the intricate discussion in the analytic philosophy of language, Brandom manages successfully to carry out a program within the philosophy of language that has already been sketched by others, without losing sight of the vision inspiring the enterprise in the important details of his investigation ' Using the tools of a complex theory of language, Brandom succeeds in describing convincingly the practices in which the reason and autonomy of subjects capable of speech and action are expressed. --J'rgen Habermas

Factfulness

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Publisher : Flatiron Books
ISBN 13 : 125012381X
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Factfulness by : Hans Rosling

Download or read book Factfulness written by Hans Rosling and published by Flatiron Books. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “One of the most important books I’ve ever read—an indispensable guide to thinking clearly about the world.” – Bill Gates “Hans Rosling tells the story of ‘the secret silent miracle of human progress’ as only he can. But Factfulness does much more than that. It also explains why progress is so often secret and silent and teaches readers how to see it clearly.” —Melinda Gates "Factfulness by Hans Rosling, an outstanding international public health expert, is a hopeful book about the potential for human progress when we work off facts rather than our inherent biases." - Former U.S. President Barack Obama Factfulness: The stress-reducing habit of only carrying opinions for which you have strong supporting facts. When asked simple questions about global trends—what percentage of the world’s population live in poverty; why the world’s population is increasing; how many girls finish school—we systematically get the answers wrong. So wrong that a chimpanzee choosing answers at random will consistently outguess teachers, journalists, Nobel laureates, and investment bankers. In Factfulness, Professor of International Health and global TED phenomenon Hans Rosling, together with his two long-time collaborators, Anna and Ola, offers a radical new explanation of why this happens. They reveal the ten instincts that distort our perspective—from our tendency to divide the world into two camps (usually some version of us and them) to the way we consume media (where fear rules) to how we perceive progress (believing that most things are getting worse). Our problem is that we don’t know what we don’t know, and even our guesses are informed by unconscious and predictable biases. It turns out that the world, for all its imperfections, is in a much better state than we might think. That doesn’t mean there aren’t real concerns. But when we worry about everything all the time instead of embracing a worldview based on facts, we can lose our ability to focus on the things that threaten us most. Inspiring and revelatory, filled with lively anecdotes and moving stories, Factfulness is an urgent and essential book that will change the way you see the world and empower you to respond to the crises and opportunities of the future. --- “This book is my last battle in my life-long mission to fight devastating ignorance...Previously I armed myself with huge data sets, eye-opening software, an energetic learning style and a Swedish bayonet for sword-swallowing. It wasn’t enough. But I hope this book will be.” Hans Rosling, February 2017.

Reasons First

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198868227
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons First by : Mark Schroeder

Download or read book Reasons First written by Mark Schroeder and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The last fifty years or more of ethical theory have been preoccupied by a turn to reasons. The vocabulary of reasons has become a common currency not only in ethics, but in epistemology, action theory, and many related areas. It is now common, for example, to see central theses such as evidentialism in epistemology and egalitarianism in political philosophy formulated in terms of reasons. And some have even claimed that the vocabulary of reasons is so useful precisely because reasons have analytical and explanatory priority over other normative concepts - that reasons in that sense come first. Reasons First systematically explores both the benefits and burdens of the hypothesis that reasons do indeed come first in normative theory, against the conjecture that theorizing in both ethics and epistemology can only be hampered by neglect of the other. Bringing two decades of work on reasons in both ethics and epistemology to bear, Mark Schroeder argues that some of the most important challenges to the idea that reasons could come first are themselves the source of some of the most obstinate puzzles in epistemology - about how perceptual experience could provide evidence about the world, and about what can make evidence sufficient to justify belief. And he shows that along with moral worth, one of the very best cases for the fundamental explanatory power of reasons in normative theory actually comes from knowledge"--

Normativity

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198758707
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Normativity by : Conor McHugh

Download or read book Normativity written by Conor McHugh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What should I do? What should I think? Traditionally, ethicists tackle the first question, while epistemologists tackle the second. This volume is innovative in drawing together issues from epistemology and ethics and in exploring neglected connections between epistemic and practical normativity.

Reasons without Rationalism

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400827728
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons without Rationalism by : Kieran Setiya

Download or read book Reasons without Rationalism written by Kieran Setiya and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-11 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern philosophy has been vexed by the question "Why should I be moral?" and by doubts about the rational authority of moral virtue. In Reasons without Rationalism, Kieran Setiya shows that these doubts rest on a mistake. The "should" of practical reason cannot be understood apart from the virtues of character, including such moral virtues as justice and benevolence, and the considerations to which the virtues make one sensitive thereby count as reasons to act. Proposing a new framework for debates about practical reason, Setiya argues that the only alternative to this "virtue theory" is a form of ethical rationalism in which reasons derive from the nature of intentional action. Despite its recent popularity, however, ethical rationalism is false. It wrongly assumes that we act "under the guise of the good," or it relies on dubious views about intention and motivation. It follows from the failure of rationalism that the virtue theory is true: we cannot be fully good without the perfection of practical reason, or have that perfection without being good. Addressing such topics as the psychology of virtue and the explanation of action, Reasons without Rationalism is essential reading for philosophers interested in ethics, rationality, or the philosophy of mind.

Reasons for Action

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons for Action by : David Sobel

Download or read book Reasons for Action written by David Sobel and published by . This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains eleven essays on practical reason by leading and emerging philosophers.