The Quest for a Theological Connection with the (African Holocaust) Transatlantic Chattel Slave Trade in Africans

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Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1524682772
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (246 download)

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Book Synopsis The Quest for a Theological Connection with the (African Holocaust) Transatlantic Chattel Slave Trade in Africans by : Dr. Robinson A. Milwood

Download or read book The Quest for a Theological Connection with the (African Holocaust) Transatlantic Chattel Slave Trade in Africans written by Dr. Robinson A. Milwood and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quest for a theological connection with the heinous transatlantic chattel slave trade in Africans is an academically and intellectually lignum vitae nut to crack. It must be cracked by all means necessary to do a measured dose of justice to the subject of the slave trade that British academic and encomium scholars have been treating for centuries with impunity that it has no relevance theologically and philosophically, ignoring the historical and racial facts that British proslavery groups defended and opposed the abolition of the brutal and immoral forced enslavement of Africa on biblical grounds with a bent theology and misleading hermeneutics. (The notebook of Rev. Dr. James Ramsay is a solid evidence of how British proslavery movement operated.) This attitude was false, groundless, deceptive, and above all, a massive cover-up of the iniquities and abomination of the slave trade in Africa by an extraordinary committee of presidium syndication, which I shall deal with during the evolution of this significant thesis.

British Transatlantic Slave Trade—Barbaric Commerce

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Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 152468273X
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (246 download)

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Book Synopsis British Transatlantic Slave Trade—Barbaric Commerce by : Dr. Robinson A. Milwood

Download or read book British Transatlantic Slave Trade—Barbaric Commerce written by Dr. Robinson A. Milwood and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is the result of a number of difficult waters and climates I have been encountering theologically and philosophically that have had an impact on my faith, avocation, vocation, and academic journeys in life. The syndication and combination of these are the main processes of my intellectual, historical, and theological formation in life.

Western European and British Barbarity, Savagery, and Brutality in the Transatlantic Chattel Slave Trade

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Author :
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1483608387
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (836 download)

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Book Synopsis Western European and British Barbarity, Savagery, and Brutality in the Transatlantic Chattel Slave Trade by : Dr. Robinson A. Milwood PhD

Download or read book Western European and British Barbarity, Savagery, and Brutality in the Transatlantic Chattel Slave Trade written by Dr. Robinson A. Milwood PhD and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2013-06-14 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Man makes history, in a fashion, and history also makes man. As with other men, the historical experience of the African over the centuries has had a profound effect on his self-image as well as on his perception of the external world. Perhaps more than other men, the African in pre-colonial times developed a strong historical tradition, and his perception of himself and his world came to depend very much on his view of the past. European colonialism, brief as it was, produced a traumatic effect largely because it tried to impose on the African a gross distortion of his historical tradition.

White Christianity Is Fraudulent

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Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1504942884
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis White Christianity Is Fraudulent by : Dr. Robinson A. Milwood

Download or read book White Christianity Is Fraudulent written by Dr. Robinson A. Milwood and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2015-06-10 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The heinous transatlantic chattel slave trade in African bodies was executed by a presidium syndication of royals, Quakers, churches, theologians, philosophers of religion, historians, intellectuals, anthropologists, scientists, European invented Jews ( The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West. 1450-1800, edited by Paolo Bernardini and Norman Fiering) The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign parts and Intellectuals. The slave trade was a nefarious system and institution based on cultural racism, avariciousness, inveterate mendacities, economic rapacity for empire building and political hegemony of Britain in Europe and the world. There was no sodality or encomium in the slave trade. Rather, it was the most egregious and unparalleled holocaust-genocide, racial- war in mans chronological history. The syndication of peoples and institutions used the apparition of an invented Caucasian Jesus Christ as Redeemer of the world without any historical evidence to brutally enslaved and murdered Africans that they had kidnapped into forceful displacement, deracination, morcellation and enslavement. Africans were deracinated (forcefully displaced) (brutally uprooted without any regard for the community, customs, traditions, religious customs- practices) with morcellation that truncated gregarious African families, societies institutions, kingdoms and communities. Reparations were made by Britain at the end of the slave trade to the planters and nothing to the African slaves. (20,000.000). (Nicholas Draper-The Price of Emancipation Slave-ownership, Compensation and British Society at the End of Slavery). African slaves were left in a state of penury, facing systems and institutions of racism, inverse-development, abandonment and destitution. The legacy and impact of the profligate slave trade on Africa is pandemic in Africa today with the psychological and theological impact on Africans confidence, self-determination, economic empowerment, heuristic critical theological liberation and technological advancement are at a point of paralysis throughout Africa and it is horrendous to experience it in the twenty first century.

Christopher Columbus and the Afrikan Holocaust

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Author :
Publisher : Eworld
ISBN 13 : 9781617590306
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Christopher Columbus and the Afrikan Holocaust by : John Henrik Clarke

Download or read book Christopher Columbus and the Afrikan Holocaust written by John Henrik Clarke and published by Eworld. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published by A & B Books, Brooklyn, New York.

The Popes, the Catholic Church and the Transatlantic Enslavement of Black Africans 1418-1839

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Publisher : Georg Olms Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3487155974
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis The Popes, the Catholic Church and the Transatlantic Enslavement of Black Africans 1418-1839 by : Pius Onyemechi Adiele

Download or read book The Popes, the Catholic Church and the Transatlantic Enslavement of Black Africans 1418-1839 written by Pius Onyemechi Adiele and published by Georg Olms Verlag. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mehr als 400 Jahre lang erlitten schwarzafrikanische Männer, Frauen und Kinder während des transatlantischen Sklavenhandels schlimmste Formen der Versklavung und Erniedrigung durch Katholiken und das westliche Christentum. Damals wie heute glaubte niemand an die tiefe Verwicklung der Kirche und des Papsttums in den schwarzafrikanischen Holocaust. Trotz jüngster Behauptungen des päpstlichen Officiums in Rom, wonach die Päpste jegliche Form von Sklaverei verurteilten, so auch im Falle der Versklavung von Schwarzafrikanern, verweisen neuere Studien innerhalb dieses Forschungsfeldes auf das Gegenteil. Die Kirche und die Päpste nahmen vielmehr zentrale Rollen in diesem schlimmsten Verbrechen gegen die Schwarzafrikaner seit Beginn der schriftlichen Dokumentation ein. Mithilfe zahlreicher päpstlicher Bullen aus den Geheimarchiven des Vatikans und einer Vielzahl an königlichen Dokumenten aus dem portugiesischen Nationalarchiv in Lissabon, strebt der vorliegende Band eine kritische und analytische Untersuchung dieses Aspekts des transatlantischen Sklavenhandels an, der über so viele Jahre von den westlichen Historikern und Gelehrten verschleiert wurde. For over 400 years, Black African men, women and children suffered the worst type of enslavement and humiliation from the hands of Catholics and other Western Christians during the transatlantic slave trade. Before now, no one could ever believe that the Popes of the Church were deeply involved in this Holocaust against Black African people. Despite the claims made by the hallowed papal office in Rome in recent years that the Popes condemned the enslavement of peoples wherever it existed including that of Black Africans, recent researches in these fields of study have proved the contrary to be true. The Church and her Popes were rather among the major “role players” in this worst crime against Black Africans in recorded history. With the help of a considerable number of papal Bulls from the Vatican Secret Archives and a great amount of Royal documents from the Portuguese National Archives in Lisbon, the present book is aiming to undertake a critical and analytical inquiry of this aspect of the transatlantic slavery that has been kept in the dark for so many years by the Western historians and scholars. The results of this studious but fruitful academic inquiry are laid bare in this notable work of the 21st century. Pius Onyemechi Adiele is a Catholic priest of Ahiara Diocese Mbaise and an alumnus of Seat of Wisdom Seminary Owerri and Bigard Memorial Seminary Enugu in Nigeria. He obtained his licentiate in Theology from the famous University of Münster and his doctoral degree in Church History from the renowned University of Tübingen in Germany. At present, he is a research fellow in the areas of African Church History and Enslavement of peoples as well as the pastor in charge of the merged parishes of Lauchheim, Westhausen, Lippach, Röttingen and Hülen in Germany.

American Holocaust

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199838984
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis American Holocaust by : David E. Stannard

Download or read book American Holocaust written by David E. Stannard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1993-11-18 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For four hundred years--from the first Spanish assaults against the Arawak people of Hispaniola in the 1490s to the U.S. Army's massacre of Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee in the 1890s--the indigenous inhabitants of North and South America endured an unending firestorm of violence. During that time the native population of the Western Hemisphere declined by as many as 100 million people. Indeed, as historian David E. Stannard argues in this stunning new book, the European and white American destruction of the native peoples of the Americas was the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world. Stannard begins with a portrait of the enormous richness and diversity of life in the Americas prior to Columbus's fateful voyage in 1492. He then follows the path of genocide from the Indies to Mexico and Central and South America, then north to Florida, Virginia, and New England, and finally out across the Great Plains and Southwest to California and the North Pacific Coast. Stannard reveals that wherever Europeans or white Americans went, the native people were caught between imported plagues and barbarous atrocities, typically resulting in the annihilation of 95 percent of their populations. What kind of people, he asks, do such horrendous things to others? His highly provocative answer: Christians. Digging deeply into ancient European and Christian attitudes toward sex, race, and war, he finds the cultural ground well prepared by the end of the Middle Ages for the centuries-long genocide campaign that Europeans and their descendants launched--and in places continue to wage--against the New World's original inhabitants. Advancing a thesis that is sure to create much controversy, Stannard contends that the perpetrators of the American Holocaust drew on the same ideological wellspring as did the later architects of the Nazi Holocaust. It is an ideology that remains dangerously alive today, he adds, and one that in recent years has surfaced in American justifications for large-scale military intervention in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. At once sweeping in scope and meticulously detailed, American Holocaust is a work of impassioned scholarship that is certain to ignite intense historical and moral debate.

The Pan-African Pantheon

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Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526156806
Total Pages : 893 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis The Pan-African Pantheon by : Adekeye Adebajo

Download or read book The Pan-African Pantheon written by Adekeye Adebajo and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-29 with total page 893 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With forty accessible essays on the key intellectual contributions to Pan-Africanism, this volume offers readers a fascinating insight into the intellectual thinking and contributions to Pan-Africanism. The book explores the history of Pan-Africanism and quest for reparations, early pioneers of Pan-Africanism as well as key activists and politicians, and Pan-African philosophy and literati. Diverse and key figures of Pan-Africanism from Africa, the Caribbean, and America are covered by these chapters, including: Edward Blyden, W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, Amy Ashwood Garvey, George Padmore, Kwame Nkrumah, Franz Fanon, Amilcar Cabral, Arthur Lewis, Maya Angelou, C.L.R. James, Ruth First, Ali Mazrui, Wangari Maathai, Thabo Mbeki, Wole Soyinka, Derek Walcott, and Chimamanda Adichie. While acknowledging the contributions of these figures to Pan-Africanism, these essays are not just celebratory, offering valuable criticism in areas where their subjects may have fallen short of their ideals.

Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome

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Publisher : Amistad
ISBN 13 : 9780062692665
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome by : Joy DeGruy

Download or read book Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome written by Joy DeGruy and published by Amistad. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From acclaimed author and researcher Dr. Joy DeGruy comes this fascinating book that explores the psychological and emotional impact on African Americans after enduring the horrific Middle Passage, over 300 years of slavery, followed by continued discrimination. From the beginning of American chattel slavery in the 1500’s, until the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, Africans were hunted like animals, captured, sold, tortured, and raped. They experienced the worst kind of physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual abuse. Given such history, Dr. Joy DeGruy asked the question, “Isn’t it likely those enslaved were severely traumatized? Furthermore, did the trauma and the effects of such horrific abuse end with the abolition of slavery?” Emancipation was followed by another hundred years of institutionalized subjugation through the enactment of Black Codes and Jim Crow laws, peonage and convict leasing, and domestic terrorism and lynching. Today the violations continue, and when combined with the crimes of the past, they result in further unmeasured injury. What do repeated traumas visited upon generation after generation of a people produce? What are the impacts of the ordeals associated with chattel slavery, and with the institutions that followed, on African Americans today? Dr. DeGruy answers these questions and more as she encourages African Americans to view their attitudes, assumptions, and emotions through the lens of history. By doing so, she argues they will gain a greater understanding of the impact centuries of slavery and oppression has had on African Americans. Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome is an important read for all Americans, as the institution of slavery has had an impact on every race and culture. “A masterwork. [DeGruy’s] deep understanding, critical analysis, and determination to illuminate core truths are essential to addressing the long-lived devastation of slavery. Her book is the balm we need to heal ourselves and our relationships. It is a gift of wholeness.”—Susan Taylor, former Editorial Director of Essence magazine

The Demise of the Inhuman

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Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 143845225X
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis The Demise of the Inhuman by : Ana Monteiro-Ferreira

Download or read book The Demise of the Inhuman written by Ana Monteiro-Ferreira and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employs a critical Afrocentric reading of Western constructions of knowledge so as to overcome the dehumanizing tendencies of modernity. Afrocentricity is the most intellectually dominant idea in the African world, one that is having a growing impact on social science discourse. This paradigm, philosophically rooted in African cultures and values, fundamentally challenges major epistemological traditions in Western thought, such as modernism and postmodernism, Marxism, existentialism, feminism, and postcolonialism. In The Demise of the Inhuman, Ana Monteiro-Ferreira reviews what Molefi Kete Asante has called the “infrastructures of dominance and privilege,” arguing that Western concepts such as individualism, colonialism, race and ethnicity, universalism, and progress, are insufficient to overcome various forms of oppression. Afrocentricity, she argues, can help lead us beyond Western structures of thought that have held sway since the early

The Popes and Slavery

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Publisher : Saint Pauls/Alba House
ISBN 13 : 9780818907647
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis The Popes and Slavery by : Joel S. Panzer

Download or read book The Popes and Slavery written by Joel S. Panzer and published by Saint Pauls/Alba House. This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reveals how the Church has in the past and still does speak up decisively to halt the infamous trade in human flesh.

Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures - Continental Europe and its Empires

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Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 0748650970
Total Pages : 847 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures - Continental Europe and its Empires by : Prem Poddar

Download or read book Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures - Continental Europe and its Empires written by Prem Poddar and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first reference work to provide an integrated and authoritative body of information about the political, cultural and economic contexts of postcolonial literatures that have their provenance in the major European Empires of Belgium, Denmark, France, G

A Patriot's History of the United States

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101217782
Total Pages : 1373 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis A Patriot's History of the United States by : Larry Schweikart

Download or read book A Patriot's History of the United States written by Larry Schweikart and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2004-12-29 with total page 1373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past three decades, many history professors have allowed their biases to distort the way America’s past is taught. These intellectuals have searched for instances of racism, sexism, and bigotry in our history while downplaying the greatness of America’s patriots and the achievements of “dead white men.” As a result, more emphasis is placed on Harriet Tubman than on George Washington; more about the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II than about D-Day or Iwo Jima; more on the dangers we faced from Joseph McCarthy than those we faced from Josef Stalin. A Patriot’s History of the United States corrects those doctrinaire biases. In this groundbreaking book, America’s discovery, founding, and development are reexamined with an appreciation for the elements of public virtue, personal liberty, and private property that make this nation uniquely successful. This book offers a long-overdue acknowledgment of America’s true and proud history.

African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade

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Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807055190
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade by : Anne Bailey

Download or read book African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade written by Anne Bailey and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2005-01-02 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's an awful story. It's an awful story. Why do you want to bring this up now?--Chief Awusa of Atorkor For centuries, the story of the Atlantic slave trade has been filtered through the eyes and records of white Europeans. In this watershed book, historian Anne C. Bailey focuses on memories of the trade from the African perspective. African chiefs and other elders in an area of southeastern Ghana-once famously called "the Old Slave Coast"-share stories that reveal that Africans were traders as well as victims of the trade. Bailey argues that, like victims of trauma, many African societies now experience a fragmented view of their past that partially explains the blanket of silence and shame around the slave trade. Capturing scores of oral histories that were handed down through generations, Bailey finds that, although Africans were not equal partners with Europeans, even their partial involvement in the slave trade had devastating consequences on their history and identity. In this unprecedented and revelatory book, Bailey explores the delicate and fragmented nature of historical memory.

Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America

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Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 1324021594
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America by : Saidiya Hartman

Download or read book Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America written by Saidiya Hartman and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2022-10-11 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The groundbreaking debut by the award-winning author of Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments, revised and updated. Saidiya Hartman has been praised as “one of our most brilliant contemporary thinkers” (Claudia Rankine, New York Times Book Review) and “a lodestar for a generation of students and, increasingly, for politically engaged people outside the academy” (Alexis Okeowo, The New Yorker). In Scenes of Subjection—Hartman’s first book, now revised and expanded—her singular talents and analytical framework turn away from the “terrible spectacle” and toward the forms of routine terror and quotidian violence characteristic of slavery, illuminating the intertwining of injury, subjugation, and selfhood even in abolitionist depictions of enslavement. By attending to the withheld and overlooked at the margins of the historical archive, Hartman radically reshapes our understanding of history, in a work as resonant today as it was on first publication, now for a new generation of readers. This 25th anniversary edition features a new preface by the author, a foreword by Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, an afterword by Marisa J. Fuentes and Sarah Haley, notations with Cameron Rowland, and compositions by Torkwase Dyson.

Anti-Semitism

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 140397912X
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Anti-Semitism by : F. Schweitzer

Download or read book Anti-Semitism written by F. Schweitzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this provocative book, Marvin Perry and Frederick M. Schweitzer analyze the lies, misperceptions, and myths about Jews and Judaism that anti-semites have propagated throughout the centuries. Beginning with antiquity, and continuing into the present day, the authors explore the irrational fabrications that have led to numerous acts of violence and hatred against Jews. The book examines ancient and medieval myths central to the history of anti-semitism: Jews as 'Christ-killers', instruments of Satan, and ritual murderers of Christian children. It also explores the scapegoating of Jews in the modern world as conspirators bent on world domination; extortionists who manufactured the Holocaust as a hoax designed to gain reparation payments from Germany; and the leaders of the slave trade that put Africa in chains. No other book has focused its attention exclusively on a thematic discussion of historic and contemporary anti-semitic myths, covering such an expansive scope of time, and allowing for such a painstaking level of exemplification. Anti-semitism is an essential book that will serve as a corrective to bigotry, stereotype, and historical distortion.

Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States

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Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822389819
Total Pages : 725 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States by : Michael T. Martin

Download or read book Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States written by Michael T. Martin and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-16 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exceptional resource, this comprehensive reader brings together primary and secondary documents related to efforts to redress historical wrongs against African Americans. These varied efforts are often grouped together under the rubric “reparations movement,” and they are united in their goal of “repairing” the injustices that have followed from the long history of slavery and Jim Crow. Yet, as this collection reveals, there is a broad range of opinions as to the form that repair might take. Some advocates of redress call for apologies; others for official acknowledgment of wrongdoing; and still others for more tangible reparations: monetary compensation, government investment in disenfranchised communities, the restitution of lost property and rights, and repatriation. Written by activists and scholars of law, political science, African American studies, philosophy, economics, and history, the twenty-six essays include both previously published articles and pieces written specifically for this volume. Essays theorize the historical and legal bases of claims for redress; examine the history, strengths, and limitations of the reparations movement; and explore its relation to human rights and social justice movements in the United States and abroad. Other essays evaluate the movement’s primary strategies: legislation, litigation, and mobilization. While all of the contributors support the campaign for redress in one way or another, some of them engage with arguments against reparations. Among the fifty-three primary documents included in the volume are federal, state, and municipal acts and resolutions; declarations and statements from organizations including the Black Panther Party and the NAACP; legal briefs and opinions; and findings and directives related to the provision of redress, from the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 to the mandate for the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States is a thorough assessment of the past, present, and future of the modern reparations movement. Contributors. Richard F. America, Sam Anderson, Martha Biondi, Boris L. Bittker, James Bolner, Roy L. Brooks, Michael K. Brown, Robert S. Browne, Martin Carnoy, Chiquita Collins, J. Angelo Corlett, Elliott Currie, William A. Darity, Jr., Adrienne Davis, Michael C. Dawson, Troy Duster, Dania Frank, Robert Fullinwider, Charles P. Henry, Gerald C. Horne, Robert Johnson, Jr., Robin D. G. Kelley, Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie, Theodore Kornweibel, Jr., David Lyons, Michael T. Martin, Douglas S. Massey , Muntu Matsimela , C. J. Munford, Yusuf Nuruddin, Charles J. Ogletree Jr., Melvin L. Oliver, David B. Oppenheimer, Rovana Popoff, Thomas M. Shapiro, Marjorie M. Shultz, Alan Singer, David Wellman, David R. Williams, Eric K. Yamamoto, Marilyn Yaquinto