The Psychoanalytic Process

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Ritual and Spontaneity in the Psychoanalytic Process

Author : Irwin Z. Hoffman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317771354
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Ritual and Spontaneity in the Psychoanalytic Process by : Irwin Z. Hoffman

Download or read book Ritual and Spontaneity in the Psychoanalytic Process written by Irwin Z. Hoffman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The psychoanalytic process is characterized by a complex weave of interrelated polarities: transference and countertransference, repetition and new experience, enactment and interpretation, discipline and personal responsiveness, the intrapsychic and the interpersonal, construction and discovery. In Ritual and Spontaneity in the Psychoanalytic Process, Irwin Z. Hoffman, through compelling clinical accounts, demonstrates the great therapeutic potential that resides in the analyst's struggle to achieve a balance within each of these dialectics. According to Hoffman, the psychoanalytic modality implicates a dialectic tension between interpersonal influence and interpretive exploration, a tension in which noninterpretive and interpretive interactions continuously elicit one another. It follows that Hoffman's "dialectical constructivism" highlights the intrinsic ambiguity of experience, an ambiguity that coexists with the irrefutable facts of a person's life, including the fact of mortality. The analytic situation promotes awareness of the freedom to shape one's life story within the constraints of given realities. Hoffman deems it a special kind of crucible for the affirmation of worth and the construction of meaning in a highly uncertain world. The analyst, in turn, emerges as a moral influence with an ironic kind of authority, one that is enhanced by the ritualized aspects of the analytic process even as it is subjected to critical scrutiny. An intensely clinical work, Ritual and Spontaneity in the Psychoanalytic Process forges a new understanding of the curative possibilities that grow out of the tensions, the choices, and the constraints inhering in the intimate encounter of a psychoanalyst and a patient. Compelling reading for all analysts and analytic therapists, it will also be powerfully informative for scholars in the social sciences and the humanities.

The Patient and the Analyst

Author : Christopher Dare
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429921683
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The Patient and the Analyst by : Christopher Dare

Download or read book The Patient and the Analyst written by Christopher Dare and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a completely revised and enlarged edition of the well-known classic. In the twenty years since the previous edition was published much progress has been made in regard to the clinical concept of psychoanalysis, and this new edition brings the subject completely up to date. New knowledge of the psychoanalytic process has been added, together with advances in understanding the clinical situation, the treatment alliance, transference, countertransference, resistance, the negative therapeutic reaction, acting out, interpretations and other interventions, insight, and working through. The book is both a readable introduction to the subject and an authorities work of reference.

The Play Within the Play: The Enacted Dimension of Psychoanalytic Process

Author : Gil Katz
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134415192
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis The Play Within the Play: The Enacted Dimension of Psychoanalytic Process by : Gil Katz

Download or read book The Play Within the Play: The Enacted Dimension of Psychoanalytic Process written by Gil Katz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Play within the Play: The Enacted Dimension of Psychoanalytic Process Gil Katz presents and illustrates the "enacted dimension of psychoanalytic process." He clarifies that enactment is not simply an overt event but an unconscious, continuously evolving, dynamically meaningful process. Using clinical examples, including several extended case reports, Gil Katz demonstrates how in all treatments, a new version of the patient’s early conflicts, traumas, and formative object relationships is inevitably created, without awareness or intent, in the here-and-now of the analytic dyad. Within the enacted dimension, repressed or dissociated aspects of the patient’s past are not just remembered, they are re-lived. Katz shows how, when the enacted dimension becomes conscious, it forms the basis for genuine and transforming experiential insight.

Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process

Author : Mauricio Cortina
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process by : Mauricio Cortina

Download or read book Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process written by Mauricio Cortina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attachment theory, the brainchild of child psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby, has begun to have a worldwide impact among clinicians within the last ten years. This interest marks a departure from the early fate of attachment theory. At first shunned by the psychoanalytic community, Bowlby's brilliant and groundbreaking effort to recast basic psychoanalytic concepts within system theories and a new, ethologically based model of the importance of affectional ties across the life span was taken up by a group of gifted developmental researchers. Empirical research not only tested and confirmed many basic propositions of attachment theory, but also extended Attachment theory in unexpected and creative ways. Bowlby was surprised and gratified by this turn of events, but also disappointed that his intended clinical audience has not taken the theory and run with it. This edited book is in part a testament to the fact that clinicians are beginning to do just that; they are taking Attachment theory and research creatively to examine clinical issues. In doing so, new vistas and hypothesis are being put forward showing that Attachment theory is alive and well. In this volume the editors gathered a distinguished group of clinician-scholars from around the world (Argentina, Italy, Mexico, UK, USA and Spain) to examine and extend Bowlby's legacy.The book should be of interest to clinicians regardless of their orientation. Attachment theory cuts across boundaries of clinical modalities-individual, group or family therapy-and orientations-psychoanalytic, cognitive or behavioural. The book should also be of interest to researchers who may find the heuristic value of clinical insights a valuable addition to the legacy of Attachment theory.

The Psychoanalytic Process

Author : Joseph Weiss
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 9780898626704
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychoanalytic Process by : Joseph Weiss

Download or read book The Psychoanalytic Process written by Joseph Weiss and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1986-10-07 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this landmark volume-- already acclaimed as "certain to become a milestone in the history of psychoanalysis and ego psychology"-- Joseph Weiss' theory of the psychotherapeutic process is presented and supported by the systematic, quantitative research carried out by Sampson, Weiss, and the Mount Zion Psychotherapy Research Group. This remarkable work delineates clear-cut implications for doing therapy and for conceptualizing the therapeutic process. The theory extends and develops concepts that Freud introduced in his later writings. It assumes that psychopathology stems from certain grim, unconscious, pathogenic beliefs that the patient acquires by inference from early traumatic experiences. The patient suffers unconsciously from these beliefs and the feelings of guilt, shame, and remorse that stem from them. He is, therefore, powerfully motivated unconsciously to change them. Moreover, the patient is able to exert considerable control over unconscious mental life and, indeed, to make and carry out unconscious plans. He works unconsciously throughout his treatment to change pathogenic beliefs, both by testing them in relation to the analyst and by using insights conveyed by the analyst's interpretations. Since the theory is close to observation it enables the clinician to monitor the patient's progress--to understand, throughout the treatment, how the patient improves, or is set back, by the analyst's interventions. The quantitative, empirical research presented bears directly on this theory. It offers strong evidence that the patient exerts control over the emergence of previously repressed mental contents, bringing them to consciousness when he unconsciously decides he may safely experience them. Supporting the hypothesis that the patient tests pathogenic beliefs throughout treatment in an effort to disconfirm them, it shows that the patient is very likely to respond favorably to interpretations that he can use in his struggle to disconfirm his pathogenic beliefs--but unfavorably to interpretations he cannot use for this purpose. A model of how rigorous psychoanalytic research can both sharpen and modify theoretical constructs and also lend support to a clinical approach, this distinguished volume will be valued by theoreticians, clinicians, researchers, and anyone interested in how the mind works. It provides a clear, accessible, and empirically testable approach to psychoanalytic practice.

The Psychoanalytic Vision

Author : Frank Summers
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136739319
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychoanalytic Vision by : Frank Summers

Download or read book The Psychoanalytic Vision written by Frank Summers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychoanalytic therapy is distinguished by its immersion in the world of the experiencing subject. In The Psychoanalytic Vision, Frank Summers argues that analytic therapy and its unique epistemology is a worldview that stands in clear opposition to the hegemonic cultural value system of objectification, quantification, and materialism. The Psychoanalytic Vision situates psychoanalysis as a voice of the rebel, affirming the importance of the subjective in contrast to the culture of objectification. Founded on phenomenological philosophy from which it derives its unique epistemology and ethical grounding, psychoanalytic therapy as a hermeneutic of the experiential world has no role for reified concepts. Consequently, fundamental analytic concepts such as "the unconscious" and "the intrapsychic," are reconceptualized to eliminate reifying elements. The essence of The Psychoanalytic Vision is the freshness of its theoretical and clinical approach as a hermeneutic of the experiential world. Fundamental clinical phenomena, such as dreams, time, and the experience of the other, are reformulated, and these theoretical shifts are illustrated with a variety of vivid case descriptions. The last part of the book is devoted to the surreptitious role beliefs and values of contemporary culture play in many forms of psychopathology. For clinicians, The Psychoanalytic Vision offers a fresh clinical theory based on the consistent application of the subjectification of human experience, and for scholars, a worldview that provides the framework for a potentially fruitful cross-fertilization of ideas with cognate disciplines.

Psychoanalytic Diagnosis

Author : Nancy McWilliams
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462543693
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychoanalytic Diagnosis by : Nancy McWilliams

Download or read book Psychoanalytic Diagnosis written by Nancy McWilliams and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This acclaimed clinical guide and widely adopted text has filled a key need in the field since its original publication. Nancy McWilliams makes psychoanalytic personality theory and its implications for practice accessible to practitioners of all levels of experience. She explains major character types and demonstrates specific ways that understanding the patient's individual personality structure can influence the therapist's focus and style of intervention. Guidelines are provided for developing a systematic yet flexible diagnostic formulation and using it to inform treatment. Highly readable, the book features a wealth of illustrative clinical examples. New to This Edition *Reflects the ongoing development of the author's approach over nearly two decades. *Incorporates important advances in attachment theory, neuroscience, and the study of trauma. *Coverage of the contemporary relational movement in psychoanalysis. Winner--Canadian Psychological Association's Goethe Award for Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Scholarship

The Psycho-Analytical Process

Author : Donald Meltzer
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 1483195120
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psycho-Analytical Process by : Donald Meltzer

Download or read book The Psycho-Analytical Process written by Donald Meltzer and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psycho-Analytical Process started as a series of lecture-seminars to child psychotherapists shortly after the death of British psychoanalyst Melanie Klein in 1960. It is intended for the use of practicing analysts and as a contribution to a new and widespread interest in the analytical process. This book was published under the auspices of the Melanie Klein Trust. This book is organized into two main sections. Section I provides a vivid reference to the transactions of the consulting room and playroom in order to evoke in the reader the experience of being both a patient and analyst. Section II which deals with the analyst's task and functions and uses clinical material to illustrate aspects of psychoanalysis presented in Section I. This book will be of interest to student psychotherapists, students of child analysis, the analysts and students of the Argentinian Psycho-analytical Society and finally with a research seminar of student and graduate child analysts.

Creating a Psychoanalytic Mind

Author : Fred Busch
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134547986
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis Creating a Psychoanalytic Mind by : Fred Busch

Download or read book Creating a Psychoanalytic Mind written by Fred Busch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing a fresh contemporary Freudian view to a number of current issues in psychoanalysis, this book is about a psychoanalytic method that has been evolved by Fred Busch over the past 40 years called Creating a Psychoanalytic Mind. It is based on the essential curative process basic to most psychoanalytic theories - the need for a shift in the patient's relationship with their own mind. Busch shows that with the development of a psychoanalytic mind the patient can acquire the capacity to shift the inevitability of action to the possibility of reflection. Creating a Psychoanalytic Mind is derived from an increasing clarification of how the mind works that has led to certain paradigm changes in the psychoanalytic method. While the methods of understanding the human condition have evolved since Freud, the means of bringing this understanding to patients in a way that is meaningful have not always followed. Throughout, Fred Busch illustrates that while the analyst's expertise is crucial to the process, the analyst's stance, rather than mainly being an expert in the content of the patient's mind, is primarily one of helping the patient to find his own mind. Creating a Psychoanalytic Mind will appeal to psychoanalysts and psychotherapists interested in learning a theory and technique where psychoanalytic meaning and meaningfulness are integrated. It will enable professionals to work differently and more successfully with their patients.

How Psychotherapy Works

Author : Joseph Weiss
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 9780898625486
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (254 download)

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Book Synopsis How Psychotherapy Works by : Joseph Weiss

Download or read book How Psychotherapy Works written by Joseph Weiss and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1993-08-20 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the landmark volume, THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PROCESS, Joseph Weiss presented a bold, original theory of the therapeutic process. Now, in HOW PSYCHOTHERAPY WORKS, Weiss extends his powerful theory and focuses on its clinical applications, often challenging many familiar ideas about the psychotherapeutic process. Weiss' theory, which is supported by formal, empirical research, assumes that psychopathology stems from unconscious, pathogenic beliefs that the patient acquires by inference from early traumatic experiences. He suffers unconsciously from these beliefs and the feelings of guilt, shame, and remorse that they engender, and he is powerfully motivated unconsciously to change them. According to Weiss's theory, the patient exerts considerable control over unconscious mental life, and he makes and carries out plans for working with the therapist to change his pathogenic beliefs. He works to disprove these beliefs by testing them with the therapist. The theory derives its clinical power not only from its empirical origin and closeness to observation, and also from Weiss's cogent exposition of how to infer, from the patient's history and behavior in treatment, what the patient is trying to accomplish and how the therapist may help. By focusing on fundamental processes, Weiss's observations challenge several current therapeutic dichotomies--"supportive versus uncovering," "interactive versus interpretive," and "relational versus analytic." Written in simple, direct language, Weiss demonstrates how to uncover the patient's unconscious plan and how the therapist can help the patient to carry out his plans by passing the patient's tests. He includes many examples of actual treatment sessions, which serve to make his theory clear and usable. The chapters include highly original views about the patient's motivations, the role of affect in the patient's mental life, and the therapist's basic task. The book also contains chapters on how to pass the patient's tests, and how to use interpretation with the patient. Dr. Weiss also provides a powerful theory of dreams and demonstrates how dreams can be utilized in clinical practice. This distinguished volume is a major contribution that will profoundly affect the way one conceptualizes and practices therapy. Theoreticians, investigators, and clinicians alike will find it enlightening reading.

The Process of Psychoanalytic Therapy

Author : Emanuel Peterfreund
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100014898X
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Process of Psychoanalytic Therapy by : Emanuel Peterfreund

Download or read book The Process of Psychoanalytic Therapy written by Emanuel Peterfreund and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his extensive description of the heuristic approach to psychoanalytic therapy, Peterfreund discusses the strategies used by both patient and therapist as they move toward discovery and deeper understanding.

Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy

Author : Nancy McWilliams
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 1606235826
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy by : Nancy McWilliams

Download or read book Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy written by Nancy McWilliams and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2004-03-18 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the art and science of psychodynamic treatment, Nancy McWilliams distills the essential principles of clinical practice, including effective listening and talking; transference and countertransference; emotional safety; and an empathic, attuned attitude toward the patient. The book describes the values, assumptions, and clinical and research findings that guide the psychoanalytic enterprise, and shows how to integrate elements of other theoretical perspectives. It discusses the phases of treatment and covers such neglected topics as educating the client about the therapeutic process, handling complex challenges to boundaries, and attending to self-care. Presenting complex information in personal, nontechnical language enriched by in-depth clinical vignettes, this is an essential psychoanalytic work and training text for therapists.

Therapeutic Action

Author : Enrico E. Jones
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0765702436
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (657 download)

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Book Synopsis Therapeutic Action by : Enrico E. Jones

Download or read book Therapeutic Action written by Enrico E. Jones and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2000 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Modes of therapeutic action 2. Intervention as assessment 3. Creating opportunities for self reflection 4. Bringing defenses and unconscious mental content into awareness 5. Interaction structures in the transference countertransference 6. Supportive approaches: The uses and limitations of being helpful 7. Studying psychoanalytic therapy 8. Case studies.

Needed Relationships and Psychoanalytic Healing

Author : Steven Stern
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351975692
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Needed Relationships and Psychoanalytic Healing by : Steven Stern

Download or read book Needed Relationships and Psychoanalytic Healing written by Steven Stern and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Needed Relationships and Psychoanalytic Healing is both a personal analytic credo and a multidimensional approach to thinking about clinical interaction. The book’s central theme is that of analytic needed relationships—the science and art of co-creating unique, evolving relational experiences fitted to each patient’s implicit therapeutic aims and needs. Steven Stern argues that, while we need psychoanalytic theories to "grow the receptors and processors" necessary to sense, understand, and connect with our patients, these often tend to frame the therapist’s participation in terms of theoretical and technical categories rather than offering a more holistic view of the relationship in all of its human complexity. Stern believes that a new set of higher order constructs is needed to counteract this tendency. In addition to his own concept of needed relationships, he invokes principles from the work of renowned developmental researcher and theorist, Louis Sander: especially his concept of relational fittedness. Stern draws on the work of Freud, Bion, Winnicott, Kohut, and a broad spectrum of contemporary psychoanalytic authors, in fleshing out the therapeutic implications of Sander’s (and Stern’s own) vision. The result is a rich, humane, and accessible narrative. Needed Relationships and Psychoanalytic Healing offers diverse clinical examples in which you will find Stern engaging with each of his patients in idiomatic, spontaneous ways as he attempts to contour interventions to the evolving analytic situation. This case material will inspire therapist-readers to feel freer to find their own creative voices and idioms of participation, as they seek to meet each patient within the psychoanalytic space. The book is intended for psychoanalysts and psychodynamic therapists at all levels of experience, including those in training.

From Psychoanalytic Narrative to Empirical Single Case Research

Author : Horst Kächele
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1135468818
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

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Book Synopsis From Psychoanalytic Narrative to Empirical Single Case Research by : Horst Kächele

Download or read book From Psychoanalytic Narrative to Empirical Single Case Research written by Horst Kächele and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2011-05-20 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition of the need for empirical research and interest in its findings are growing in psychoanalysis. Many psychoanalysts now acknowledge that research is imperative to try to deal with the factors propelling the diminution in status and prestige of the discipline, as well as the number of patients in intensive psychoanalytic treatment. In addition, there is increased pressure to expose and acquaint candidates with analytic research in the course of their education. From Psychoanalytic Narrative to Empirical Single Case Research revivifies the experimental potential of psychoanalysis by focusing a number of structured research methods on a single case study. Drs. Kächele, Schachter, and Thomä, in tandem with the Ulm Psychoanalytic Process Research Study Group, bring their formidable tools and knowledge to bear on Amalia X, a former patient of Dr. Thomä’s, whose case history is well-documented, preserved and available for formal empirical study. After providing an intensive review of the problematic aspects of clinical psychoanalytic research and an exegesis on the use of the case study itself, the specific case history of Amalia X, which dominates and centers the remainder of the book, is thoroughly examined. The following two chapters – utilizing clinical and linguistic models, respectively – deconstruct Amalia’s psychopathology along a variety of methodological axes in an effort not only to uncover the roots of her presenting symptoms, but also to reify and validate the strange bedfellows of psychoanalysis and empiricism in general. The book would be incomplete, however, without its final chapter, which provides suggestions and insights into the clinical applications and implications of their combined research.

Affects as Process

Author : Joseph Morse Jones
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780881631258
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Affects as Process by : Joseph Morse Jones

Download or read book Affects as Process written by Joseph Morse Jones and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the literatures of child development, ethology, and neuroscience, Joseph Jones argues that, in their simplest form, affects are best understood as the presymbolic representatives and governors of motivational systems. So conceptualized, affects, and not primary process, constitute the initial processing system of the prerepresentational infant. It then becomes possible to re-vision early development as the sequential maturation of different motivational systems, each governed by a specific presymbolic affect. More complex emotional states, which emerge when the toddler begins to think symbolically, represent the integration of motivational systems and thought as maturation plunges the child into a world of loves and hates that cannot be escaped simply through hehavior.

The Analytical Process

Author : Thierry Bokanowski
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429920059
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The Analytical Process by : Thierry Bokanowski

Download or read book The Analytical Process written by Thierry Bokanowski and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term 'psychoanalytical process', though occurring but rarely in Freud's works, has become firmly established nowadays despite being hard to define, explain, or pin down in conceptual or meta-psychological terms. Although it is often employed as equivalent to 'psychoanalytic work', currents of thought that draw on the idea display a certain ambivalence, for it can relate both to a theory of treatment (the practice of analysis) and to a theory of mind (a theory of psychic functioning). Before developing his own original perspectives about the consequences of the heterogeneity of psychic functioning, the author examines how various practitioners have approached this subject since Freud. He shows how each has shed useful new light on this issue, leading to a diversity of points of view, thereby justifying the idea of the 'process' within psychoanalytic treatment.