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The Provision Of Relative Performance Feedback
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Book Synopsis The Provision of Relative Performance Feedback by : Ghazala Azmat
Download or read book The Provision of Relative Performance Feedback written by Ghazala Azmat and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the effect of providing relative performance feedback on individuals' performance, under two incentive schemes. In a laboratory setup, agents perform a real-effort task. We show that relative performance feedback increases performance when performance is related to pay (piece-rate) but has no effect on performance when pay is independent of performance (flat-rate). These effects are independent of the agent's relative position. Subjects are also asked to rate their satisfaction during the experiment. We find that under flat-rate, feedback has no effect on agents' satisfaction, while under piece-rate, feedback about relative position affects satisfaction.
Book Synopsis More Effort Or Better Technologies? by : Gwen-Jiro Clochard
Download or read book More Effort Or Better Technologies? written by Gwen-Jiro Clochard and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Demotivating Effects of Relative Performance Feedback on Middle-Ranked Workers' Performance by : Aykut Turkoglu
Download or read book The Demotivating Effects of Relative Performance Feedback on Middle-Ranked Workers' Performance written by Aykut Turkoglu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conduct a series of experiments to study the impact of three different types of relative performance feedback (RPF) on middle-ranked workers' output on a skill-based task. Few studies investigate the impact of RPF on middle-ranked workers, which is a substantial omission given that they form the majority of the workforce. In our study, participants do not receive any information to help them improve at the task, and there are no financial incentives. We find that receiving any type of feedback reduces performance compared to no feedback. We conduct mediation analysis and show that receiving feedback changes employees' feelings associated with general performance, which explains the performance reduction. Aligned with theory, delivering feedback increases the focal employee's social comparison involvement (SCI), which measures the focal individual's tendency to compare themselves to others while performing the task and also their shame. Our results imply that making individuals care more about social comparisons and creating feelings of shame decreases performance on skill-based tasks for middle-ranked workers in the absence of financial incentives and information on how to improve. An implication of our study is that any form of rank-based performance feedback should be implemented with caution as it may harm the performance of the majority of workers.
Book Synopsis PISA 2012 Results: What Makes Schools Successful (Volume IV) Resources, Policies and Practices by : OECD
Download or read book PISA 2012 Results: What Makes Schools Successful (Volume IV) Resources, Policies and Practices written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth volume of PISA 2012 results examines how student performance is associated with various characteristics of individual schools and school systems.
Book Synopsis Relative Performance Feedback and Long-term Tasks by : Raphael Brade
Download or read book Relative Performance Feedback and Long-term Tasks written by Raphael Brade and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present first experimental evidence that relative performance feedback improves both the speed and quality with which challenging long-term tasks are completed. Providing university students with ongoing relative feedback on accumulated course credits accelerates graduation by 0.12 SD, and also improves grades by 0.063 SD. Treatment effects are concentrated among students with medium pre-treatment graduation probabilities: when these students are informed about an above-average performance, their outcomes improve - otherwise their outcomes deteriorate. Combined with survey evidence, this pattern of results suggests that learning about own ability is a plausible mechanism.
Book Synopsis Relative Status and Economic Behaviors by : Jaesun Lee
Download or read book Relative Status and Economic Behaviors written by Jaesun Lee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relative status naturally arises regarding some aspects whenever there are multiple agents. When it comes to economic factors such as performance and earnings, it often plays an important role by motivating and incentivizing agents. This essay attempts to investigate the effect of relative status feedback from various perspectives and explore its role in relation to effort provision, emotional well-being, and risk-taking behaviors. In Chapter 1, I investigate the impact of competitive environment on performance and psychological aspect. Competition is fostered in many domains to improve performance, but its psychological impacts on those involved - and thus their overall utility and well-being - have not yet received much attention in the literature. This chapter investigates the effect of competitive environments on effort provision and mood by conducting a lab experiment and on that basis proposing a simple model that incorporates mood in the utility function. The chapter also explores how past experiences affect people's preferences for competitive payment schemes. The results show that people exert greater effort when they work under competitive payment schemes such as piece-rate and rank-order tournament payments than fixed payments. In contrast, these competitive payment schemes, along with rank feedback, make people feel worse. In particular, people with low ranks suffer more as the working environment becomes more competitive. The findings provide evidence that competitive environments may be detrimental to some people in the left tail of the distribu- tion. Moreover, I finds that expected earnings play a more important role than mood in people's preferences for incentive schemes. The study contributes to the literature by introducing the psychological impact of competitive working environments and a potential role of mood in the discussion of preferences. Chapter 2 explores people's effort provision as a response to rank feedback. Rank-order relative-performance evaluation, in which pay, promotion and symbolic awards depend on the rank of workers in the distribution of performance, is ubiquitous. Whenever firms use rank-order relative-performance evaluation, workers receive feedback about their rank. Using a real-effort experiment, we aim to discover whether workers respond to the specific rank that they achieve. In particular, we leverage random variation in the allocation of rank among subjects who exerted the same effort to obtain a causal estimate of the rank response function that describes how effort provision responds to the content of rankorder feedback. We find that the rank response function is U-shaped. Subjects exhibit 'first-place loving' and 'last-place loathing', that is subjects work hardest after being ranked first or last. We discuss implications of our findings for the optimal design of firms' performance feedback policies, workplace organizational structures and incentives schemes. Lastly, Chapter 3 discusses the impact of relative performance feedback in the context of risk-taking environments. While relative performance feedback is quite common in the workplace involving risks, we do not know how risktaking behaviors alter as people receive relative performance feedback. In a lab experiment, I let people choose between a risk-free option and a risky option while manipulating the availability of relative performance feedback between the control and the treatment groups. I find that the provision of relative performance feedback lowers the probability of taking risks and this is mainly driven by people with middle and high ranks while there is no significant differences in risk taking between different rank groups. Further analysis with luck and expected earnings should be conducted for robustness checks.
Book Synopsis Because of 'Because' by : Serena Loftus
Download or read book Because of 'Because' written by Serena Loftus and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines how the use of causal language in conveying relative performance feedback impacts subsequent task performance and affect. Studies on performance feedback and evaluation in accounting research have focused on the use of quantitative performance measures and the availability of relative performance information; few studies have examined whether the qualitative comments influence employee reactions to the reviews. Research in linguistics has shown that causal language, defined as language reflecting the search for reasons (commonly expressed through words such as “because” and “thus”), impacts how recipients process information that they have received. We posit that causal language clearly links explanations to relative performance feedback and in turn impacts subsequent task performance and affect by impacting how employees process the information. However, like much research on performance feedback, we predict that the effect of causal language in relative performance feedback depends on whether the feedback is positive or negative. Using a 2x2 between-subjects experiment, we find that greater use of causal language in delivering negative performance feedback leads to improved subsequent performance and affect; on the other hand, greater use of causal language in delivering positive feedback actually diminishes performance (while having no significant effect on affect). These seemingly contradictory results are explained by causal language's role in facilitating employee sense-making after receiving relative performance feedback. Our results indicate that employees' cognitive processes and reactions to performance feedback are influenced by the language used in explanations. Our study contributes to the call to greater research on the provision of performance feedback, which is considered an essential part of an organization's management control systems.
Book Synopsis Elgar Encyclopedia of Labour Studies by : Tor Eriksson
Download or read book Elgar Encyclopedia of Labour Studies written by Tor Eriksson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative Elgar Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of central concepts in labour studies, and how they can be used to analyse labour markets. Examining regional and sectoral labour markets alongside the internal labour markets of firms, it clearly lays out the current state of social scientific knowledge on labour.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Tournament Incentive Contracts and Relative Performance Feedback on Task Effort, Learning Effort, and Performance by : George Lee
Download or read book The Effects of Tournament Incentive Contracts and Relative Performance Feedback on Task Effort, Learning Effort, and Performance written by George Lee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When employees work hard, they exert more effort on job tasks (task effort); and when employees learn hard, they exert more effort to learn (learning effort). Task effort and learning effort are important causes of improved performance. This thesis investigates whether the use of tournament schemes motivates employees to work harder and learn harder, and also whether providing performance feedback in tournament schemes has any impact on task effort and learning effort.This thesis has three goals. The first is to investigate the relationship between incentives, learning, and performance. The literature on whether learning interacts with incentives to improve performance is inconclusive, because no prior research has provided a good test of this question (as noted by Bonner and Sprinkle 2002; Bailey and Fessler 2011; Bailey et al. 1998, and as remains true today). The second goal is to investigate the motivational effect of tournament schemes on effort. The literature suggests that effort is difficult to observe directly or to quantify; as a result, it is hard to verify whether tournament schemes motivate employees' task effort and learning effort. This thesis uses an eye-tracking device to measure effort, by measuring eye position, eye movements, and pupil size. The third goal is to investigate the effect of performance feedback on task effort, learning effort, and performance in the tournament setting.I posit and show evidence that both task effort and learning effort are higher in multiple-winner schemes than in either winner-takes-all schemes or piece-rate schemes. Task effort is directly positively associated with performance, while learning effort causes learning transfer to a job task, also yielding a positive effect on performance. I find that providing relative performance feedback in the tournament setting has no significant impact on task effort or learning effort.These findings have practical value for many corporations, which are constantly re-evaluating the effectiveness of their incentive schemes and reporting systems while investing in learning initiatives to help employees transfer learned skills to job tasks. Organizations may use the insights of this thesis to help them design learning initiatives and motivate employees to transfer learned skills to their job tasks.
Book Synopsis Relative Feedback Response in Competitive Environments by : Lucas Rentschler
Download or read book Relative Feedback Response in Competitive Environments written by Lucas Rentschler and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relative performance feedback is common in competitive environments. Such feedback, especially when it is negative, is more likely to affect beliefs in women (Roberts and Nolen-Hoeksema, 1989). We investigate the effect of relative performance feedback on subsequent performance in a winner-take-all environment. We find that feedback slightly reduces the performance of men. Women, on the other hand, respond to negative feedback by increasing their subsequent performance, even when doing so is unlikely to affect the likelihood of winning.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Instructional Feedback by : Anastasiya A. Lipnevich
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Instructional Feedback written by Anastasiya A. Lipnevich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together leading scholars from around the world to provide their most influential thinking on instructional feedback. The chapters range from academic, in-depth reviews of the research on instructional feedback to a case study on how feedback altered the life-course of one author. Furthermore, it features critical subject areas - including mathematics, science, music, and even animal training - and focuses on working at various developmental levels of learners. The affective, non-cognitive aspects of feedback are also targeted; such as how learners react emotionally to receiving feedback. The exploration of the theoretical underpinnings of how feedback changes the course of instruction leads to practical advice on how to give such feedback effectively in a variety of diverse contexts. Anyone interested in researching instructional feedback, or providing it in their class or course, will discover why, when, and where instructional feedback is effective and how best to provide it.
Book Synopsis The Self in Social Judgment by : Mark D. Alicke
Download or read book The Self in Social Judgment written by Mark D. Alicke and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume begins with a historical overview of the self in social judgment and outlines the major issues. Subsequent chapters, all written by leading experts in their respective areas, identify and elaborate four major themes regarding the self in social judgment: · the role of the self as an information source for evaluating others, or what has been called 'social projection' · the assumption of personal superiority as reflected in the pervasive tendency for people to view their characteristics more favorably than those of others · the role of the self as a comparison standard from or toward which other people's behaviors and attributes are assimilated or contrasted · the relative weight people place on the individual and collective selves in defining their attributes and comparing them to those of other people
Book Synopsis Notational Analysis of Sport by : Mike Hughes
Download or read book Notational Analysis of Sport written by Mike Hughes and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays and reviews represents the most significant and comprehensive writing on Shakespeare's A Comedy of Errors. Miola's edited work also features a comprehensive critical history, coupled with a full bibliography and photographs of major productions of the play from around the world. In the collection, there are five previously unpublished essays. The topics covered in these new essays are women in the play, the play's debt to contemporary theater, its critical and performance histories in Germany and Japan, the metrical variety of the play, and the distinctly modern perspective on the play as containing dark and disturbing elements. To compliment these new essays, the collection features significant scholarship and commentary on The Comedy of Errors that is published in obscure and difficulty accessible journals, newspapers, and other sources. This collection brings together these essays for the first time.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Economic Conflict Resolution by : Gary E. Bolton
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Economic Conflict Resolution written by Gary E. Bolton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals, groups, and societies all experience and resolve conflict. In this handbook, scholars from multiple disciplines offer perspectives on the current state and future challenges in negotiation and conflict resolution. This confluence of research perspectives will identify further synergies and advances in our understanding of conflict resolution.
Book Synopsis First-place Loving and Last-place Loathing by :
Download or read book First-place Loving and Last-place Loathing written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Bass Handbook of Leadership by : Bernard M. Bass
Download or read book The Bass Handbook of Leadership written by Bernard M. Bass and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 2967 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For thirty-three years and through three editions, Bass & Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership has been the indispensable bible for every serious student of leadership. Since the third edition came out in 1990, the field of leadership has expanded by an order of magnitude. This completely revised and updated fourth edition reflects the growth and changes in the study of leadership over the past seventeen years, with new chapters on transformational leadership, ethics, presidential leadership, and executive leadership. Throughout the Handbook, the contributions from cognitive social psychology and the social, political, communications, and administrative sciences have been expanded. As in the third edition, Bernard Bass begins with a consideration of the definitions and concepts used, and a brief review of some of the betterknown theories. Professor Bass then focuses on the personal traits, tendencies, attributes, and values of leaders and the knowledge, intellectual competence, and technical skills required for leadership. Next he looks at leaders' socioemotional talents and interpersonal competencies, and the differences in these characteristics in leaders who are imbued with ideologies, especially authoritarianism, Machiavellianism, and self-aggrandizement. A fuller examination of the values, needs, and satisfactions of leaders follows, and singled out for special attention are competitiveness and the preferences for taking risks. In his chapters on personal characteristics, Bass examines the esteem that others generally accord to leaders as a consequence of the leaders' personalities. The many theoretical and research developments about charisma over the past thirty years are crucial and are explored here in depth. Bass has continued to develop his theory of transformational leadership -- the paradigm of the last twenty years -- and he details how it makes possible the inclusion of a much wider range of phenomena than when theory and modeling are limited to reinforcement strategies. He also details the new incarnations of transformational leadership since the last edition. Bass has greatly expanded his consideration of women and racial minorities, both of whom are increasingly taking on leadership roles. A glossary is included to assist specialists in a particular academic discipline who may be unfamiliar with terms used in other fields. Business professors and students, executives in every industry, and politicians at all levels have relied for years on the time-honored guidance and insight afforded by the Handbook.
Book Synopsis Addressing Inequities in Modern Educational Assessment by : Jorge Sainz
Download or read book Addressing Inequities in Modern Educational Assessment written by Jorge Sainz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book focuses on the central and up-to-date issues that represent some of the most relevant challenges and limitations of International Learning Assessments (ILSAs). It specifically sheds light on the general effects of the discontinuation of face-to-face education on students at diverse academic levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the lens of the most relevant experts of the field, it highlights the asymmetric effects on students based on family income, education level, or employment, imposing a heavy toll on those with less resources. It raises issues regarding the impact on the mental health of students and education professionals due to school closures. Modern education is shifting its focus from just scores to detailed, qualitative feedback. Such comprehensive insights help students identify both strengths and growth areas, making assessments more constructive. This book is aimed for researchers in the field of educational assessments, graduate and postgraduate students, policy makers, and anyone interested in making informed decisions regarding ILSAs. COVID-19 brought immense educational challenges, it also presented an unprecedented opportunity: to reassess and reform existing systems, steering towards assessments that are both fair and empowering.
