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The Process Of Question Answering
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Book Synopsis The Process of Question Answering by : Wendy G Lehnert
Download or read book The Process of Question Answering written by Wendy G Lehnert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2024-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1978, this title examines a phenomenon that relies on many realms of human cognition: language comprehension, memory retrieval, and language generation. Problems in computational question answering assume a new perspective when question answering is viewed as a problem in natural language processing.
Book Synopsis The Process of Question Answering by : Wendy G. Lehnert
Download or read book The Process of Question Answering written by Wendy G. Lehnert and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problems in computational question answering assume a new perspective when question answering is viewed as a problem in natural language processing. A theory of question answering has been proposed which relies on ideas in conceptual information processing and theories of human memory organization. This theory of question answering has been implemented in a computer program, QUALM, currently being used by two story understanding systems to complete a natural language processing system which reads stories and answers questions about what was read. The processes in QUALM are divided into 4 phases: (1) Conceptual categorization which guides subsequent processing by dictating which specific inference mechanisms and memory retrieval strategies should be invoked in the course of answering a question; (2) Inferential analysis which is responsible for understanding what the questioner really meant when a question should not be taken literally; (3) Content specification which determines how much of an answer should be returned in terms of detail and elaborations, and (4) Retrieval heuristics which do the actual digging to extract an answer from memory.
Book Synopsis The Process of Question Answering by : Wendy G. Lehnert
Download or read book The Process of Question Answering written by Wendy G. Lehnert and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1978, The Process of Question Answering examines a phenomenon that relies on many realms of human cognition: language comprehension, memory retrieval, and language generation. Problems in computational question answering assume a new perspective when question answering is viewed as a problem in natural language processing. A theory of human question answering must necessarily entail a theory of human memory organization and theories of the cognitive processes that access and manipulate information in memory. This book describes question answering as a particular task in information processing. The theoretical models described here have been built on a formulation of general theories in natural language processing: theories about language that were developed without the specific problem of question answering in mind. By requiring programmers to be concerned with the precise form of information in memory, and the precise operations manipulating that information, they can uncover significant problems that would otherwise be overlooked. An early insight into artificial intelligence, today this reissue can be enjoyed in its historical context.
Book Synopsis Dependency Parsing by : Sandra Kubler
Download or read book Dependency Parsing written by Sandra Kubler and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2009-01-08 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dependency-based methods for syntactic parsing have become increasingly popular in natural language processing in recent years. This book gives a thorough introduction to the methods that are most widely used today. After an introduction to dependency grammar and dependency parsing, followed by a formal characterization of the dependency parsing problem, the book surveys the three major classes of parsing models that are in current use: transition-based, graph-based, and grammar-based models. It continues with a chapter on evaluation and one on the comparison of different methods, and it closes with a few words on current trends and future prospects of dependency parsing. The book presupposes a knowledge of basic concepts in linguistics and computer science, as well as some knowledge of parsing methods for constituency-based representations. Table of Contents: Introduction / Dependency Parsing / Transition-Based Parsing / Graph-Based Parsing / Grammar-Based Parsing / Evaluation / Comparison / Final Thoughts
Book Synopsis The Process of Question Answering by : Wendy G. Lehnert
Download or read book The Process of Question Answering written by Wendy G. Lehnert and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1978, The Process of Question Answering examines a phenomenon that relies on many realms of human cognition: language comprehension, memory retrieval, and language generation. Problems in computational question answering assume a new perspective when question answering is viewed as a problem in natural language processing. A theory of human question answering must necessarily entail a theory of human memory organization and theories of the cognitive processes that access and manipulate information in memory. This book describes question answering as a particular task in information processing. The theoretical models described here have been built on a formulation of general theories in natural language processing: theories about language that were developed without the specific problem of question answering in mind. By requiring programmers to be concerned with the precise form of information in memory, and the precise operations manipulating that information, they can uncover significant problems that would otherwise be overlooked. An early insight into artificial intelligence, today this reissue can be enjoyed in its historical context.
Book Synopsis Open-Domain Question Answering by : John Prager
Download or read book Open-Domain Question Answering written by John Prager and published by Now Pub. This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open-Domain Question Answering is an introduction to the field of Question Answering (QA). It covers the basic principles of QA along with a selection of systems that have exhibited interesting and significant techniques, so it serves more as a tutorial than as an exhaustive survey of the field. Starting with a brief history of the field, it goes on to describe the architecture of a QA system before analysing in detail some of the specific approaches that have been successfully deployed by academia and industry designing and building such systems. Open-Domain Question Answering is both a guide for beginners who are embarking on research in this area, and a useful reference for established researchers and practitioners in this field.
Book Synopsis Natural Language Question Answering Systems by : Leonard Bolc
Download or read book Natural Language Question Answering Systems written by Leonard Bolc and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Computational Intelligence by : Lourdes Martínez-Villaseñor
Download or read book Advances in Computational Intelligence written by Lourdes Martínez-Villaseñor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume set LNAI 12468 and 12469 constitutes the proceedings of the 19th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MICAI 2020, held in Mexico City, Mexico, in October 2020. The total of 77 papers presented in these two volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 186 submissions. The contributions are organized in topical as follows: Part I: machine and deep learning, evolutionary and metaheuristic algorithms, and soft computing. Part II: natural language processing, image processing and pattern recognition, and intelligent applications and robotics.
Book Synopsis Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing by : Alexander Gelbukh
Download or read book Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing written by Alexander Gelbukh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, CICLing 2009, held in Mexico City, Mexico in March 2009. The 44 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover all current issues in computational linguistics research and present intelligent text processing applications.
Download or read book Taming Text written by Grant Ingersoll and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary Taming Text, winner of the 2013 Jolt Awards for Productivity, is a hands-on, example-driven guide to working with unstructured text in the context of real-world applications. This book explores how to automatically organize text using approaches such as full-text search, proper name recognition, clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization. The book guides you through examples illustrating each of these topics, as well as the foundations upon which they are built. About this Book There is so much text in our lives, we are practically drowningin it. Fortunately, there are innovative tools and techniquesfor managing unstructured information that can throw thesmart developer a much-needed lifeline. You'll find them in thisbook. Taming Text is a practical, example-driven guide to working withtext in real applications. This book introduces you to useful techniques like full-text search, proper name recognition,clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization.You'll explore real use cases as you systematically absorb thefoundations upon which they are built.Written in a clear and concise style, this book avoids jargon, explainingthe subject in terms you can understand without a backgroundin statistics or natural language processing. Examples arein Java, but the concepts can be applied in any language. Written for Java developers, the book requires no prior knowledge of GWT. Purchase of the print book comes with an offer of a free PDF, ePub, and Kindle eBook from Manning. Also available is all code from the book. Winner of 2013 Jolt Awards: The Best Books—one of five notable books every serious programmer should read. What's Inside When to use text-taming techniques Important open-source libraries like Solr and Mahout How to build text-processing applications About the Authors Grant Ingersoll is an engineer, speaker, and trainer, a Lucenecommitter, and a cofounder of the Mahout machine-learning project. Thomas Morton is the primary developer of OpenNLP and Maximum Entropy. Drew Farris is a technology consultant, software developer, and contributor to Mahout,Lucene, and Solr. "Takes the mystery out of verycomplex processes."—From the Foreword by Liz Liddy, Dean, iSchool, Syracuse University Table of Contents Getting started taming text Foundations of taming text Searching Fuzzy string matching Identifying people, places, and things Clustering text Classification, categorization, and tagging Building an example question answering system Untamed text: exploring the next frontier
Book Synopsis Handbook of Linguistic Annotation by : Nancy Ide
Download or read book Handbook of Linguistic Annotation written by Nancy Ide and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 1459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook offers a thorough treatment of the science of linguistic annotation. Leaders in the field guide the reader through the process of modeling, creating an annotation language, building a corpus and evaluating it for correctness. Essential reading for both computer scientists and linguistic researchers.Linguistic annotation is an increasingly important activity in the field of computational linguistics because of its critical role in the development of language models for natural language processing applications. Part one of this book covers all phases of the linguistic annotation process, from annotation scheme design and choice of representation format through both the manual and automatic annotation process, evaluation, and iterative improvement of annotation accuracy. The second part of the book includes case studies of annotation projects across the spectrum of linguistic annotation types, including morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic analyses, a range of semantic analyses (semantic roles, named entities, sentiment and opinion), time and event and spatial analyses, and discourse level analyses including discourse structure, co-reference, etc. Each case study addresses the various phases and processes discussed in the chapters of part one.
Book Synopsis Advances in Open Domain Question Answering by : Tomek Strzalkowski
Download or read book Advances in Open Domain Question Answering written by Tomek Strzalkowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-07 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new Springer volume provides a comprehensive and detailed look at current approaches to automated question answering. The level of presentation is suitable for newcomers to the field as well as for professionals wishing to study this area and/or to build practical QA systems. The book can serve as a "how-to" handbook for IT practitioners and system developers. It can also be used to teach graduate courses in Computer Science, Information Science and related disciplines.
Book Synopsis Ontologies and Adaptivity in Dialogue for Question Answering by : D. Sonntag
Download or read book Ontologies and Adaptivity in Dialogue for Question Answering written by D. Sonntag and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2010-01-05 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Question answering (QA) has become one of the fastest growing topics in computational linguistics and information access. To advance research in the area of dialogue-based question answering, we propose a combination of methods from different scientific fields (i.e., Information Retrieval, Dialogue Systems, Semantic Web, and Machine Learning). This book sheds light on adaptable dialogue-based question answering. We demonstrate the technical and computational feasibility of the proposed ideas, the introspective methods in particular, by beginning with an extensive introduction to the dialogical problem domain which motivates the technical implementation. The ideas have been carried out in a mature natural language processing (NLP) system, the SmartWeb dialogue system, which was developed between 2004 and 2007 by partners from academia and industry. We have attempted to make this book a self-containing text and provide an extra section on the interdisciplinary scientific background. The target audience for this book comprises of researchers and students interested in the application potential of semantic technologies for difficult AI tasks such as working dialogue and QA systems.
Book Synopsis Extended Finite State Models of Language by : Andras Kornai
Download or read book Extended Finite State Models of Language written by Andras Kornai and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-09-13 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book and CD-ROM cover the breadth of contemporary finite state language modeling, from mathematical foundations to developing and debugging specific grammars.
Book Synopsis The NIPS '17 Competition: Building Intelligent Systems by : Sergio Escalera
Download or read book The NIPS '17 Competition: Building Intelligent Systems written by Sergio Escalera and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the organized competitions held during the first NIPS competition track. It provides both theory and applications of hot topics in machine learning, such as adversarial learning, conversational intelligence, and deep reinforcement learning. Rigorous competition evaluation was based on the quality of data, problem interest and impact, promoting the design of new models, and a proper schedule and management procedure. This book contains the chapters from organizers on competition design and from top-ranked participants on their proposed solutions for the five accepted competitions: The Conversational Intelligence Challenge, Classifying Clinically Actionable Genetic Mutations, Learning to Run, Human-Computer Question Answering Competition, and Adversarial Attacks and Defenses.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics by : Ruslan Mitkov
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics written by Ruslan Mitkov and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook of computational linguistics, written for academics, graduate students and researchers, provides a state-of-the-art reference to one of the most active and productive fields in linguistics.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society by : Cognitive Science Society (US) Conference
Download or read book Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society written by Cognitive Science Society (US) Conference and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume features the complete text of all regular papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the 14th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
