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The Policy Analysis Of Child Labor
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Book Synopsis The Policy Analysis of Child Labor by : Christiaan Grootaert
Download or read book The Policy Analysis of Child Labor written by Christiaan Grootaert and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the conditions which lead to child labour in four countries, using the findings to recommend a policy approach toward its eradication. Although Bolivia, Colombia, Ivory Coast and the Philippines posess different economic and social settings, data on the determinants of child labour are strikingly consistent. The researchers found that many children's days involve both work and schooling, and they conclude that many of the current policy approaches, such as bans on child labour, are not optimal because they view child work and schooling as mutually exclusive alternatives. Instead, a gradual policy approach in two phases would be more effective. This policy would begin by increasing legal and social protection for working children and adding school time to child work routines. In the second phase, when parents' income constraints have been lessened, the policy would shift the work school combination toward schooling only. Their policy also calls for joint provision of support to home enterprises and enrollment incentives especially for girls.
Download or read book Child Labor written by Isaac Karikari and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child labor is a complex global phenomenon. Though poverty is widely accepted as the primary cause of child labor, there are many dimensions of the phenomenon that still remain to be explored. Very little attention has been given to the policies that drive efforts to address child labor and how they are framed. Of particular interest is how we determine who is a child, and the notions of childhood underpinning these policies. Less attention has been given to the relationships and power dynamics underlying the policy-making process that surrounds this discourse. A qualitative method, namely, critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used to examine the discursive construction of children and childhood in child labor discourse. Underlying power dynamics through the analysis of diverse child labor-related policies at the global (ILO), regional (OAU/AU), sub-regional (ECOWAS), global/sub-regional (Harkin-Engel Protocol), and local (Ghana) levels was explored. Findings revealed that homogenized and hegemonic trends are visible in child labor discourse. While the ILO's discourse on child labor was either reproduced or referenced in the other policies, there was generally a homogenized definition of children based on Western social constructions and views of children. Child labor policies were not fully cognizant or sensitive to local constructions and conceptions of how we define children and what we determine are appropriate roles at various ages. In particular reference to Ghana, the Government of Ghana's child labor policies did not reflect the sociological and cultural realities of the nation. Findings of the study also suggest that for some organizations and countries, especially in the Global South, political and economic considerations influenced whose voices were included in child labor policy creation. Critical discourse implications for social work education, policy analysis, practice and research are discussed.
Book Synopsis By the Sweat and Toil of Children: An economic consideration of child labor by :
Download or read book By the Sweat and Toil of Children: An economic consideration of child labor written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Child Labor in the Developing World by : Alberto Posso
Download or read book Child Labor in the Developing World written by Alberto Posso and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides new evidence of the theoretical and empirical causes and consequences of child labor. In so doing, the chapters provide a unique set of policy prescriptions that are applicable to both the developing countries that make up the case studies of the volume, as well as other countries more broadly. The volume is constructed to inform policy with rigorous analysis. However, unlike most academic studies, the language and flavour of the volume is largely non-technical, while the policy recommendations are practical. The volume is made up of three sections. The first section builds on the existing literature and provides new theoretical insights into child labor. Section 2 provides empirical evidence from both quantitative and qualitative case studies on child labor from across Asia, Africa and Latin America. This section provides information from studies conducted in Brazil, Cameroon, the Dominican Republic, India and Vietnam. Section 3 provides policy recommendations.
Book Synopsis By the Sweat and Toil of Children by :
Download or read book By the Sweat and Toil of Children written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Political and Economic Strategy for Addressing Exploitative Child Labor by : Anjali R. Kataria
Download or read book A Political and Economic Strategy for Addressing Exploitative Child Labor written by Anjali R. Kataria and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Child Labor in America by : William G. Whittaker
Download or read book Child Labor in America written by William G. Whittaker and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of child labour in America is long and, in some cases, unsavoury. It dates back to the founding of the United States. Traditionally, most children, except for the privileged few, had always worked -- either for their parents or for an outside employer. Through the years, child labour practices have changed -- and so have the benefits and risks associated with employment of children. In some respects, altered workplace technology has served to make work easier and less hazardous. At the same time, some processes and equipment have rendered the workplace more dangerous -- especially for the very young. Child labour first became a federal legislative issue at least as far back as 1906 with the introduction of the Beveridge proposal for regulation of the types of work in which children might be engaged. Although the 1906 legislation was not adopted, it led to extended study of the conditions under which children were employed or allowed to work and to a series of legislative proposals -- some approved, others defeated or overturned by the courts -- culminating in the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938. The latter statute, amended periodically, remains the primary federal law dealing with the employment of children. Although providing a framework for regulation of child labour (and, in some cases, forbidding it entirely), the FLSA is not comprehensive, nor does it deal with all employment of children in precisely the same way. Generally speaking, work by young persons (under 18 years of age) in mines and factories is not allowed. What other types of work may be suitable (or especially hazardous) for persons under 18 years of age has been left to the discretion of the Secretary of Labour. Some types of work -- for example, some newspaper sales and delivery, theatrical (and related) employment -- fall beyond the scope of FLSA child labour requirements. Finally, a distinction has been made between employment in non-agricultural fields and in agriculture -- and, in the latter case, between work for a parent or guardian in an agricultural setting and commercial employment. This book sketches the early history of child labour regulation and reviews certain recent federal initiatives in that area and discusses child labour legislation.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Child Labour by : Alessandro Cigno
Download or read book The Economics of Child Labour written by Alessandro Cigno and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-07-28 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children throughout the world are engaged in a great number of activities classifiable as work. These range from relatively harmless, even laudable, activities like helping parents in their domestic chores, to morally and physically dangerous ones like soldiering and prostitution. If we leave out the former, we are left with what are generally called "economic" activities. Only a small minority, less than 4 percent of all working children, are estimated to be engaged in what ILO defines as the "unconditional" worst forms of child labour. The absolute number of children estimated to be engaged in the latter is, however, a stunning 8.4 million. Should we only be concerned about the worst forms of child labour? Most forms of child labour other than the worst ones have valuable learning-by-doing elements. Furthermore, child labour produces current income. If the family is credit rationed, child labour relaxes the liquidity constraint and increases current consumption. There is thus a trade-off between present and future consumption. To the extent that current consumption has a positive effect on future health (hence, on the child's future earning capacity and, more generally, utility), this trade-off may be lower than one might think. This book provides a blend of theory, empirical analysis and policy discussion. The first three chapters develop a fairly comprehensive theory of child labour, and related variables such as fertility, and infant mortality. Chapter 4, concerned with the effects of trade, contains both theory and cross-country empirical evidence. The remaining chapters are country studies, aimed at illustrating and testing different aspects of the theory in different geographical contexts. These chapters apply the latest developments in microeconometric methodology for dealing with endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and the evaluation of public intervention.
Download or read book "I Must Work to Eat" written by Jo Becker and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The unprecedented economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, together with school closures and inadequate government assistance, is pushing children into exploitative and dangerous child labor. As their parents have lost jobs or income due to the pandemic and associated lockdowns, many children have entered the workforce to help their families survive. Many work long, grueling hours for little or no pay, often under hazardous conditions. Some report violence, harassment, and pay theft. [This report] is based on interviews conducted from January to March 2021 with 81 children, ages 8-17, in Ghana, Nepal, and Uganda.... The report examines the impact of the pandemic on children's rights, including their rights to education, to an adequate standard of living, and to protection from child labor, as well as government responses."--Page 4 of cover.
Book Synopsis Children's Chances by : Jody Heymann
Download or read book Children's Chances written by Jody Heymann and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most parents care deeply about their children. If that were enough, we would not see the inequalities we currently do in children’s opportunities and healthy development—children out of school, children laboring, children living in poverty. While the scale of the problems can seem overwhelming, history has shown that massive progress is possible on problems that once seemed unsolvable. Within the span of less than twenty-five years, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty has been cut in half, the number of children under age five that die each day has dropped by over 12,000, and the percentage of girls attending school has climbed from just three in four to over 90 percent. National action, laws, and public policies fundamentally shape children’s opportunities. Children’s Chances urges a transformational shift from focusing solely on survival to targeting children’s full and healthy development. Drawing on never-before-available comparative data on laws and public policies in 190 countries, Jody Heymann and Kristen McNeill tell the story of what works and what countries around the world are doing to ensure equal opportunities for all children. Covering poverty, discrimination, education, health, child labor, child marriage, and parental care, Children’s Chances identifies the leaders and the laggards, highlights successes and setbacks, and provides a guide for what needs to be done to make equal chances for all children a reality.
Book Synopsis Voting with Your Children by : Matthias Doepke
Download or read book Voting with Your Children written by Matthias Doepke and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Child Labor Policy in Washington State by : Susan Ramsauer
Download or read book Child Labor Policy in Washington State written by Susan Ramsauer and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economics of Child Labour by : Biswajit Chatterjee
Download or read book Economics of Child Labour written by Biswajit Chatterjee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the effectiveness of trade and non-trade policies to combat the menace of child labour. Although it has decreased on the global scale in recent years, child labour still remains high, particularly in the developing countries. Keeping in mind the estimated extent of child labour in different regions around the globe, the book offers a detailed critical review of both theoretical and empirical literature on the topic as well as the policies to reduce the incidence of child labour. It also develops a general equilibrium model to demonstrate the possible effects of growth-promoting, non-trade policies, as opposed to direct trade policies, on child labour employment mitigation. The book argues that of the non-trade policies, the introduction of compulsory education appears to be an effective instrument for curtailing the child labour problem when families receive targeted subsidies for sending their children to school. It also shows that appropriately designed and targeted education subsidies can reduce the incidence of child labour and that social protection measures, such as subsidies on school enrolment, also tend to have a positive impact. The book not only opens up research topics for academicians but is also a valuable resource for policy makers.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309483980 Total Pages :619 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Book Synopsis Child Labour by : Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
Download or read book Child Labour written by Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-07 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child labour constitutes a major public health concern, with estimates that world-wide 110 million children aged 5-14 years are engaged in labour that can be described as hazardous or intolerable. This book examines both the rights oriented and public health perspectives on child labour. A rights approach ensures that exploitative and abusive work is considered not just in terms of a labour market or health rights approach, but also in terms of human dignity and the solutions that preserve the rights of children and communities. The public health approach is steeped in the relationship between individuals and their community, seeking to identify how the presence (or absence) of government programmes and policies affects those involved. The economics perspective is also presented early in the book, to aid understanding of the causes and consequences of child labour, before the alternate public health and sociological views are presented. The editors examine factors such as poverty, malnutrition, social disadvantage, gender, globalisation, and education, and look at both physical and psychological threats. This book will be of use to academics and students involved in health, health policy, social sciences and development disciplines. Those actively involved public health initiatives, such as policy makers, and non-governmental organisations, will also find this an invaluable resource.
Download or read book Child Labour (Print) written by and published by . This book was released on 2021-06 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Child Labour in India; Situation and Policy Analysis by : Ankit Kumar Lal
Download or read book Child Labour in India; Situation and Policy Analysis written by Ankit Kumar Lal and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child labour is certainly a serious problem throughout the world (an estimated 158 million children aged 5-14 are engaged in child labor - one in every six children in the world) and it would be no understatement to say that India itself has a large force of child labourers. For this the Indian government and the Industrial sector have both drawn flack from not only foreign governments and International organizations but also brand conscious MNC's. also published on the web-site of the Indian Embassy in Washington, children under fourteen constitute around 3.6% of the total labor force in India. Of these children, nine out of every ten work in their own rural family settings. Nearly 85% are engaged in traditional agricultural activities. Less than 9% work in manufacturing, services and repairs. Only about 0.8% works in factories. With this paper we wish to throw light upon the prevailing child labour condition in India, the reason for child labour in india,the effectiveness of the existing legislations and the future steps to be taken.